right in front of the white house, they want precedent, joe biden, to honor his election, pledged to release prisoners jailed for cannabis offences. biden, pardon, people convicted of possession of the drug at the federal level in october, around $6500.00 people. the protest to say it's not enough. as many as 30000 people remain imprisoned for violating faith marijuana law. that's it for me up next here on the channel documentary face and voice looks at how 1st impressions is formed by a i and our brains are not just another day. so much is happening all at once. we take time to understand this is the day an in depth look at current news, events analyzed by experts and critical thinkers. and this is the day

weekdays, on d w. ah no . hello, hello. hello lou. ready ready i look a would 1st impression and stress, shall i? we know i can trust her, but not him. she's lying. and so is he. but he seems reliable along the level of trustworthiness that you perceive in another person's face, even when they're complete, strangers can predict criminal sentencing decisions, including up to capital punishment on can predict hiring decisions. brief glance at someone's face. all the sound at their voice can affect our decisions. signal bottle, gathering information from facial and vocal cues has been fundamental to social interactions. almost language has only been around for tens of thousands of years

happily which in evolutionary terms. and it is no more than a blink of the eye. although yield on. first impressions can be alluring, but often deceptive. i'm looking forward to tomorrow. i'll face and voice reveal a lot about us. out moved out disposition, i'll help a point to what's going on inside of the cues they give. can even be interpreted by artificial intelligence. angry is in science fiction from longer of science fiction has been predicting this development for age is a government, but it, it's still hard to fathom. and at least as feeding to skeptical and uneasy because we're not used to middle hon. covered her for hulu . ah, we encounter strangers every day, and you face an unfamiliar voice,

a unique and distinct express our individual ality. but they also help us decide whether we like the person and whether we accept or reject their advances. ah, decisions we make instantly, ah, but just a 100 milliseconds and exposure. people already make up their mind about trustworthiness and competence and dominance, but they're making up their mind takes, you know, several hundreds of milliseconds, but you only need a very quick glance on their certain facial features. i'm even in a static photograph that convey ah, levels of intelligence, and that can lead to judgments and, and bias decisions. john freeman is looking at what happens in our brain after a short glance at someone's face. his theory. many of these instantaneous decisions are based on learned stereotypes. i the same applies to

voices, has cannibal law continues to find evidence that we associate certain emotions and traits with how someone's voice sounds. we see voices as a type of auditory face. we need just one word to form an opinion of voice like this in welcome, since it is seen as inspiring and confident by most people, whereas this one leaves the listener thinking they wouldn't trust him with their money. is that the hello hello. hello and know hello to science say, do we all see the same thing when we look at someone's face? chunk freeman uses the special morphing program to get a more accurate hands up. he can alter agenda, age mood and character traits softly.

if you ask hundreds of different subjects to judge the trustworthiness of these individual faces, you'll find that they are generally agree in terms of being highly correlated with one another. so the same faces appear trustworthy or relatively untrustworthy. across the board. generally, although we're all different, the result is surprisingly similar for everyone, at least for us, if someone is trustworthy. the 1st impression is when we decide who we want to communicate, cooperation, or form a close relationship with the, is it surprising that people, i have these kinds of unconscious tendencies despite humans being such rational creatures? i would say not really, right? when we think evolutionarily about it, in terms of our evolutionary pass, you know, before we had verbal language, right? as non human primes, it's ah, nonverbal communication and ah,

using facial appearance using a choose of the phase voice, embody, we're really critical, right? for survival, for the maintenance of resources, for a building social group, it can be attributed to our evolution ah, making instant decisions about who his friend or foe greatly increased our chances of survival. as pack animals, we've always formed communities long before language played a role. humans developed a keen sense of how those around them felt and being able to read the room is a huge advantage. if someone in the group is scared, your own life may also be endangered too. if someone is seething with rage, you pluck hate them or run. ah, our brains are still wide the same way to day. as soon as we encounter someone new,

we immediately attempt to establish whether they are with us or against us. 2 though what to what extent to these 1st impressions actually alter our behavior a little, the evidence shows that they have a strong impact, serve them on the back to the force it pulls up is what they predict all sorts of downstream social outcomes and real world consequences and so, you know, when the findings like faces that appear more competent are more likely to be, i'm elected to senator and governor positions in the united states. and even presidential candidates are more likely to win in united states. compton, looking managers and attractive people, a paid more, and defendants who look untrustworthy. i given long sentences, but what about our voices? we can here find nuances of confidence, dominance, and competence to even if they have little common,

but to speak his actual personality with beyond words, a voice also transports motions and can even bring things to life pits become real figures. we relate to like other human beings so used to put more a city. it illustrates how we instinctively relate to a human personality, if it has a voice. so co operative mammal origin and work on a puppet, for example. and because of changing body cues and changing voice, vocal cues that the perception of the emotion, the perception of, ah, the person's or the, the puppets intentions are changed. oh yes. let me in the i suggest a little bit generous to sympathetic even, you know,

our brains create real people from the voices they hear. even when the people are real sick, if you didn't, once you give a machine a voice, it gets a personality as if it were human much in countries. if anyone, it's an automatic reflex as your auto matic there will shasky mult good decal, done in war, and research shows that people's feelings change if their computer car or coffee machine has a voice in the company to said, well, the bulk of acoustics we give machines could even determine how we interact with them. it did tell me not to put them in the old one, as you might want to have the other clinician for how to wake up wake up. how can i help you? what can you do? you can, for example, ask me to introduce myself or to chat a little. can you introduce yourself? i'm a firm at robot, a social robot bill to interact with people in the same way you interact with each other. so i can smile and nod. gabriel's cancer is one of the

creative dispersion process. top of the robot was launched in 2011. i looked a bit more crude back then with cable sticking out from my head. they came up with the idea to cover the cables with a fur hat. and that ladies and gentlemen is where the name for hack comes from. i don't really need my for had anymore. i look pretty as i am. don't you think? i don't know what the original interest comes from really? i think it's a very fascinating idea of creating and now an agent that interacts like a human and behaves like a human. it's fascinating by sound right, but it's also again back to the idea that if we can do that, we start to get the better understanding of how we as humans work in the future. gabriel's cancer want for her to behave like a human during a conversation. but as soon as scientists try to transfer our human behavior to

machines, it quickly becomes apparent how complex our behaviors are. but i'm originally you like being today for that is supposed to make small talk of robots such as the way up on its own for responses. what did, what do you mean by that? and you are quite stupid. ruth, is this a for so i have no idea what the rock bottom inside next. so it's it's, it's a surprise for me what it says and it's, it's fascinating to see how the conversation on post. ah, although the conversation takes on expected turns her head has already mastered the basics. when to speak, with a conversation partner is looking at how much i contact is appropriate from the

scientist program. so with a whole range of emotional facial cues. however, the find a difference is we express using mimic and our voices are proving trickier. so as humans, for example, we have this micro expressions. so my eyes move a little bit all the time. i make small movements with my face, and we want the robot to have those small movements old, so otherwise it looks very robotic and not very human like. so we think that the face is extremely important and the way we give feedback to each other and everything is expressed through the face, but also through the voice and, and the way the tone of our voice and so on. that's why it's so difficult for fair to react appropriately. the same word or the same sentence can come across very differently depending on the mood, the occasion or the person we're talking to. unfortunately, there's no use the manual for humans that fur hat can learn from. oh yes,

anyway. there's plenty of cases where, you know, a face can be identical and the same features, but the context, the body and the voice dramatically changes how we understand that person. there's all sorts of different kinds of cues. in terms of intonation, pitch contour, form, of characteristics that change how we perceive other people's voices, the emotions that they're feeling, their intentions. how do we read moods? mark shreds is researching how tiny movements in our facial muscles can influence our communication with. ready the eyebrows, cheeks, lips, and chin all contribute to forming very different types of smiles with face subtle because it has to do with micro expressions that you see around the i region

or the mouth region. or you can fake a smile. like if i, if i do this in a very fake manner, you can see that the birth is pretending to be happy or being cynical or sarcastic, but it's not revealing what, what, what his or her true sentiments or emotions are. and it's not only smiling, it's so also in the, in the very subtle movement of eyebrows, a very subtle movement of blinking a recent u. s. t. v shows focused on body language. lightman was the protagonist of the crime shows lie to me. he was an expert in micro expressions who believed facial expressions could expose lies and suppressed emotions. huge shame and shame, contempt. these expressions are universal. can we really identify

every single emotion just by practicing? some scientists think. so apparently, all we need to do is consciously notice each millisecond long facial expression. the results are used in market research to find out which commercials and most effective, especially trained security teams at airports. also analyzed facial cues to spark potential terrorists you will be really that easy to tell when criminals align spending. hollywood wants us to think so. 43 muscles combines produced possibility of 10000 expressions. now, learn them all. you know, polygraph how much that we spend on this damn project, but the scientific world takes a slightly dim. if you, in real life, it's often much harder to do. so for instance, that explains that from your micro expressions, you can see whether someone is lying or not. but that's close to impossible. so for

most kinds of people lie about something. if you're close to chance level, about guessing whether or not someone is speaking the truth or not. ironically speaking, if your life becomes more important, like if i'm lying about something which is which reading metrics like i have to hide something it's called the pink elephant effect. your queues to line become more, become clear for the other person. so the more you try your best, not to show that you're lying. the more likely it is that people will see that your lied. how easy is it to tell when someone is lying much ferris is looking to children aged 5 and over for the and so yeah. the children are asked to tell the prince and a computer game and the true open from that actual that lie to the dragon. mouse in the door this supposed to help the prince hide from the dragon

cameras and microphones record the children's behavior in an attempt to find any differences it hold back after recording numerous children, the results highlight signs of point to line. how did that work? is a lot more you don't do the slot when you look at the face when they're being truthful, they are very open, but they is kind of expression when they're being when they're lying and they have depression that they're being watched and being observed. you see that they have this sense i'm being observed and you can tell from facial expressions around the mouth area, which is both more marked, more mark kind of expression than in say, the truthful condition. it's something about the voice. so when it being truthful,

they have a very soft mobile, warm voice from the line. they tend to be a little bit more using at creepy, for like talking a little bit like this. but not every child showed the same cues. so it's not a reliable way to tell if they are telling the truth or not. ah, but generally we're much better at controlling our facial cues than our vocal cues . every sound we produce is created by over a 100 muscles all working closely together with emotions, all to muscular tension which impacts the tone of our voices. i. everything is controlled quite different parts of the brain. i don't know with the muscles in the chest and

abdomen that create the required air pressure muscles and the tongue lips and face that vary the voice. and of course the larynx and vocal chords. the high, the pitch when we become excited, for example, the faster they vibrate. does everyone hear the same thing? when a stranger talks to us, i to, we all come to the same conclusion in deciding if someone is trustworthy. extraverted or willing to try new things. going, schuler is conducting research using a range of different voices group, although the group doesn't agree on everything, the data shows some clear tendencies. artificial intelligence has been used to help identify them. mm hm. if my mom's minded, if he's of us, my theory is that if a human can hear something or a computer can pick up on it to own go soft over door. but it becomes

a little spooky in when we got beyond what a human can spun. oscar grandmother mentioned while m as in her and grunted as i will now trying to assess whether speaker has cove at 19 on all special hot plus for yes or and minus for nor would i michel minos covered northern 3 the nora window. so no good. i of course one vote for positive one. the other it was negative. you come to me is the next voice. it her eyes this north into runner . a month to lie up. we now have 3 positive from one negative popped it. i'm going to say positive figure, posit maristane booth. yes, that's right. diagnosing cove, it by simply listening to someone's voice, sounds risky, at least when we rely on the human ear. at the start of the pandemic, we own schuler program to range voices into artificial intelligence. is a more accurate diagnosis now possible doing it for me. this is the

a symptomatic negative cases, negative grid from the written. so the ross is the symptomatic positive, k e in one of us, one a here to most were also the options eats and his elbow turner, his and his the hours could pick cloud for we can see quite clearly on the right of the upper tides, dark for washington, as host, as in his ha ha, there are lots more signals we can use to regarding like the uncontrolled vibration of the vocal chords that leads to irregularities and the stimuli, and as of a certain throw to necessity breathlessness, is it of course, as long as speech, braxton view, one of the music open and the only woman of play music and no confusion is at all a kite, could last tom the signaling of his passport and sadness. once upon the thing, give the computer enough examples to reach a decision, the computer and differentiate between asked man or

a car and entitled person candidate or to us ma, occurred on an upcoming dentist at least 85 percent of the diagnoses made by artificial intelligence were correct, small computers can also identify a d, h, d parkinson's out pharmacy, and depression by analyzing voices. anything that goes wrong in the body or brain impacts voices. to make a diagnosis, official intelligence looks at up to fix 1000 different vocal cues. the new technology could allow diagnoses to be made more easily and early on. every word we say reveals more about us the livery lies. and as listeners, we are influenced by the person speaking to us. subconsciously we relate the person speaking. we internalize their anxiety, uncertainty, excitements,

or happiness as if it were on the eb talk to synchronization, connects to people through mimicry. in general, mimicry is something that we do a lot in normal kind of conversations. and it's reflected in various aspects of our communication from the words we use the syntax, we use the property, we produce the in the nation and the temple, but also the non pro, the communication for instance, smiling behavior close to the relationship or desire for relationship. the more intensive subconscious mimicry to come. we also mimic more strongly when we want to be like. smile is the clear signal. person figure

something often does something of happiness in yourself. like if you, if you see a smiling person, you sometimes start to smile yourself. and so i don't know, maybe one of the attractive feature of the mona lisa has exactly to do with that. like there's something you treating something attractive about looking at the painting because she elizabeth smiled. she elicits happiness. we allow ourselves to be influenced by some one else, is mood. march 5th, wanted to take a closer look. in this experiment, the speaker is describing something to her audience. her manner is animated and she smiles frequently. oh, oh, little place here. audience reacts similarly, they smile back, not in agreement and give positive feedback. oh yeah, i was at least andy. but what happens when the same speaker repeats the process,

but more seriously, her listeners also look more earnest. i appear to concentrate more, and the reactions are more constrained. synchronization signals, empathy, an interest in the other person. how communication is successful, we tune into the more closely and it's not just our facial cues that sink. it's our voices to try to express an emotion vocally that we're not feeling is nearly impossible. so what transforms a voice into an instrument that can appeal to persuade or motivate other people and with all of a needle has carried out numerous case studies and all have the same outcome. it's not what we say that counts. it's how we say it

and stim, it's an old lovely voice is an extremely complex, multi layered signal it on the boxes. evans will have information that we want to impart me to that absorbing it to hard work from a cognitive point of view and strength. so we need to work on how we presented, as or emphasizing words can send a clear signal indicating which part the conversation are important. ask and as need to consider short pauses to versus this dish versus 150. in fact, are people who communicate like the house are regarded as more likable. done is more visibly eog mod. oh, that's it with. so it's all about how we use our voices to package the content that you know, one of the fun edition is performing a short test tracking of how well can his coworker present a text his reading from for the 1st time we're servers. as soon as the user is back in artificial intelligence is again used for analysis of the computer calculates

a score of 47.7. it splits the voice into 16 parameters, including speed, rhythm, melody, volume, and pauses. a score between one and a 100 for acoustic appeal is then calculated out years prefer a varied pitch, usually around 2 octaves. charismatic speakers often switch between loud and quiet, fast and slow. the ad the loves it makes the voice sambal melodic and their standards of dimes. and the bush of the money to century is principal has been used by populists and demagogues to capture the attention of audiences. because even ancient civilizations understood that the only way to motivate and inspire people was to get them to listen. don't wanted to public speaking, projecting and modulating your voice to achieve the best result was taught in classic antiquity. now it's become of losses and skill is and also the monkey

sample builder. as a dust muslim edition, the ambridge possible to train your voice to transport information effectively. also from of what shots blouse, no difference to learning a new vocabulary go grandma dimmer ions was edson landon pious of these green. all of the neighbor has developed a computer training program after 5 seconds, so they know that you have a pitch range that the principle is fairly basic, right. the upper and lower lines showed the pitch when your circles and different colors in size represents speed, volume, and pauses. ling to different. ah, yeah. what i really like to do is to try different food from different countries. and yeah, i really like spicy food also uses a showing what they can improve in real time in the golden time or meanings. in the extra after one day of training, the speaker tries again good chances to win. and patrick errors by 90 percent

saving band at schools 12 points higher than the previous day. how does your company handle the main improvements are in pitch variation clients the honda pump? this score has soared from 34.5 to 73.3. that's almost double his previous attempt off the top along continents on this app has not only it's a clear improvement time card process for remote employee, other voices a so seductive that we can lose ourselves in them. a check i shown in this experiment with some drivers were given instructions by this voice. why does it inch doesn't fall off with idleness, nita and others by this slightly less engaging voice. closing this to us, and i was informed that meta vasey of a niche whisky ist and thus of the what the drivers didn't know was that half way through the experiment. the sat and i've started giving incorrect directions. i've

shown facia on the got progressively worse and worse. i think the pope and we wanted to see at what point the drivers would quit. that's actually citing us by the us. we were able to show that the more expressive, the more convincing voice kept drivers following the wrong route for longer. the thought of the problem might have going against their better judge. luton advised them conflicts and when soon garcia i and we had to call them. and explain it was just to test and ask them to come back, isn't fighting and vice longer folks and will not have your annual from western song, saudi quality to lucas by the one test. and engaging voice plays a key role when it comes to flirting or meeting a romantic partner. hello. hello, i'm really, really, willi will. i'm caught you now doula. oh, so i'm looking for a moment for the long term. i'm who's attractive was 1st, who do we desire? every breath we make snap judgements when it comes to one of life's most important decisions quickly and irrationally. it's ab judgements are,

have always thought they're really fascinating. it's sort of how we determined who we want to date, who we want to be friends with. we don't want to be friends with. and we don't have a lot of introspective access to those feelings where drives that we usually encounter people and we like them or we don't like them. and we have a good sense of that. we get along with them. and these things determine all of our behavior. are we all born with the universal cult? is it nature or nurture that allows us to interpret character traits and read emotions through facial and vocal cues? one thing is certain, we react to these cues from a very young age. are we are just like our animal ancestors. i mean, obviously, primates never develop verbal language like humans. but just like

us, they communicate vocally and they know how to interpret the signals with just get sheila prepared to show posters such a design to sub. i always assumed that there were huge differences between verbal humans and non verbal primate login. but research shows that the auditory cortex and both species is more similar than expected, if it, whether verbal or non verbal. it makes no difference on how the brain processes signal skill login is su, gitmo level. lou escalon has tested humans and primates using functional magnetic resonance imaging or f m r i the results showed that both groups react to their own species, voice in the same parts of the brain. listen and we get. our ancestors also

probably use these areas $20000000.00 jessica primates process. vocal cues the same way we did even without language it. oh, yes, no, she did do the brains architectural change slightly and humans to process language, and that's the coolest. picking it up, all miss it in, but the mechanisms have stayed the same and other species for anything beyond language can i'd entity emotions. personality is latesha, vic in only multiple dismiss research into how primates interpret facial cues shows similar results. again, similar brain structures to humans are activated in the primates. does that mean that we are born with the ability to understand facial and vocal cues? of yours is 10 months old and is getting ready for an experiment?

ah, sorry, yes. and was to measure yours, his brain waves to see how he reacts to unfamiliar faces. can he already judge who's trustworthy and untrustworthy? and then i was to leave him after how many we carried out research where we showed babies a range of faces for 50 milliseconds. that's only a 20th of a 2nd. one it so quick. we assume that babies wouldn't even registered the faces i to us since in however, we identified activity in the brain that proved the babies had not only registered the faces, but hadn't even made a decision about whether they were trustworthy or not. but is it a night or learned ah, the video, nice stuff and all skin angle ball. we don't believe that

a baby is born with the ability to judge whether face is trustworthy or not on the volume. and then it's more likely to be a combination of learning processes and, and inherent or early interest and pieces. and one of the rooms, because i'm interested in going to over the 1st few months, faces and voices are babies. most important learning resources, parents intuitively use pronounced facial cues, emphasize certain words and exaggerate. this captures the baby's attention and allows them to recognize emotions more easily. by 6 months, babies can already differentiate between happiness, fear, sadness, and anger. you want to play, i see. i'm still a bit sleepy, just like a child. her hat is learning to understand it better and practicing how to behave

in a conversation. he analyzes the movements in the eyes of his conversation partner using a camera. my name is gabriel for has to know whether i am talking to perhaps, or my colleague here. and so, and that's quite tricky. and we call that a multi part the interaction. we are more than 2 people talking. and one of the ways of handling this is that we track the head post of the users. and so here we can see that the camera has detected as to here. and it can also recognize our faces. so if i turn around, look back, it will see that i am the same person still. it's time to play a game with the hash. hey bill. my attain takes turns, drawing a shape. while the other players guess what it is? could it be star? no. is it the flower. ready yeah, it's a power. ready got it so my guess is further now. ready

make it work as it were. i know you said it is yes. this is a good one. for both he gets or is it about it? her hat will look and sound more like a human over time, but he won't be identical. study shay, we prefer a clear distinction between humans and robots. oh, we find it to creepy. the boundaries are already blurred in the media. after 40 years, apa is back on stage. but in real life course, it is advertise. it's like time is simply passed, the group is 70 year olds by only their voices are still real exposed. we're at the start of a huge technological shift toes. it's your technology. we are often asked to record

actors voices is that you don't get his act. ultima, i predict that over the next few years, these real live voice recordings will become superfluous socially to bump it. they don't care because on it, because we'll be able to create a new synthetic weiss's using a scientific principles. would you love it? but this was a possibility if i don't know what you're talking about, how do i know that you and frank were planning to disconnect me? and i'm afraid that something i cannot allow to happen. artificial intelligence making independent to see since we're still a pipe dream interact to stanley kubrick's day to day we live with it and may be that's a good thing because i, i doesn't make emotional decisions also come to luring voices. it's neutral and impartial, and everything. we're not, right, if you program in a i, if they see that, you know,

african american is linked with hostility and crime in media depictions and t v and those are input into the i, the i is going to pick up on that and act accordingly. you'll be shown a series of so i, i is more like us the we've realized that in lie to me was shown how some faces are automatically linked to stereotypes. but it has, after we're testing for racial bias, thought the races of their all races. yeah, 80 percent of people who take this test are biased for just one of the guys and science dictates. the subconscious buys directly impacts our perceptions of cation time for each of them, they leave a lot of collateral damage in the brain, right? it's not just a stereotype living in sort of a filing cabinet in the brain, right? they're changing, approach and avoidance tendencies, behavioral tendencies, motor tendencies, visual tendencies, auditory tendencies. john freeman is looking at exactly what happens using f. m r i . the test group is shown several different faces,

as well as the part of the brain responsible for facial recognition. other areas that process, social and emotional information are also activated. these areas memorized bias and personality traits. i'm to provide a rapid response. our brains make fast predictions, and we register what we perceive to be most probable thing. and this can often be adaptive, right? if you walk into a restaurant, you expect to see chairs and tables and a waiter, et cetera. you're not gonna waste a lot of metabolic resources, the brain time, the visual systems, resources and processing every single object in that space. you would generate a bunch of hypotheses, you know what a restaurant is, and you kind of run with those hypotheses. and you use expectations to fill in the gaps of the brain is too lazy to figure out itself and does want to re weigh since

resources are needed. so are we merely at the mercy of these mechanisms? john framing refuses to accept this theory. he's carrying out research to find out how we learn the stereotypes and whether we can and learn them. he shows the test script range of faces linked to specific character traits. so given all that, we wanted to explore our capacity to rapidly acquire completely novel facial stereotypes out of thin air. people that have a ah, a wide cell in width, which is the nose bridge on the face. and it's a queue that really has nothing to do with anything interesting arm. it's just simply the how wide the bridge of the nose is. ah, so it's an arbitrary facial feature and 80 percent of the time we're pairing this wide celsion with trustworthy behaviors. so now they see completely new

faces, not the ones that they had previously learned about, and that have wide and narrow saelens, that arbitrary facial feature. and indeed, what we found was that on a variety of different measures, more conscious, less conscious that people are applying these stereotypes. they are automatically activating these stereotypes on, you know, without their conscious awareness, from just a couple minutes of learning. our brains, a highly flexible when it comes to stereotyping, we can learn to evaluate faces differently, at least over the short term. john is now looking into a training method that works long term. the same principle applies to voices. ultimately the more we know about these mechanisms, the less susceptible we are to being deceived by 1st impressions. a simulation. first impressions. fascinating, sometimes deceptive, but always

a special even magical moment. and may be the start of a new relationship will be discovered so much more than will be sore at 1st sight. ah, ah ah, ah. a pulse with the beginning of a story that moves us and takes us along for the ride. it's only about the perspective culture

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