ah ended glistening place of longing. the mediterranean sea have almost far enter far dockery drift along exploring modern lifestyles and mediterranean meeting people on hearing their dreams ready to re journey this week. do you w ah, with every creature as a please, in nature, be to printer in the jungle and infected yet

a plant to the depths of the ocean. each one is an important part of the food chain and contributes to the ecological diversity on what can be do to preserve our bio diversity. that's what we talk about today. hello, welcome to eco india. i'm some of that. a good let's head to india as a himalayan region 1st, where grazing and varying of sheep has a long tradition for the change in wind production and consumer preferences has meant that the use of traditional himalayan bruce has a decline massively with a direct impact on the regions ecosystem, some organizations are now trying to change this. let's see how this is and cause 3 mile keeps his flock together. the shepherd has been tending his sheep in he might and prodigious grass lands for the last 25 years.

ah. then they brought back a brother as a kid, i used to love goats and sheep mancha, used to ask me to accompany him and see how they lived in the wilderness. and he taught me how to live, and that's all i got to dodge to the end of the w sir ish my belongs to the theme he nomadic. got thee trade. he owns about 30000 rupees. are less than $400.00 euros a month from the seal of milken wool. but in recent years, it's become increasingly hard for his flock to find food, a crisis affecting many sheep hoarders in the region. velva my brother did my uncle and i used to have 3000 sheep. now we have 702800 about the numbers plummeting day by day. our environment has changed a lot. it looked like it's not autumn yet,

but the leaves are falling. trees are losing leaves and this will lead to a grass shortage for sheep and winter, and light of foot. if the leaves fall early, we will. what will our sheep eat every day? their dignity, proschetti every samar more than 100000 shepherds lakes reach, migrate to higher altitude pastures in search of grazing land traditionally staying on until the arrival of winter. but as the climate change is, this practice is becoming more and more difficult. explain exports from the center of fort pastorelli them because of the lowland ball. there is the glass is all hitting water. let's all go screens and everything is tied up. and they move 15 days or 20 days a year, which was not happened before. in addition to changing weather patterns,

when development has reduced the amount of grieving land compounding the shepherds predicament. according to government report, india lost more than 5 and a half 1000000 hectares of grass land between 20052015. the lack of food for their life stock is becoming a challenge for her, affecting the health of sheep and in turn their produce oh, lord of the grant funds have been taken over for development purposes, industrial purposes. there is enough research to show that grasslands are actually carbon sinks, you know, because they hold much more carbon below. than about nishaka ship is well known here in that he shogi village of him. i told reddish he to belongs to a family of semi nomadic herders, and is also

a skilled artisan. he leaves local wal into the traditional cool, sworn in the region. he marlene shepherds have traditionally adopted skills like leaving cross eating and spinning to boost their income through the sale of wall and woolen garments. but the decline in numbers of local she breeds have impacted local will production. and india began importing fina long staple wool some 30 years ago. when import tariffs were lifted, it flooded the market. like the normal, nowadays for the part too that people were la lucas before leaving them out of synthetic gas, melon and nylon, which are softer. they prefer wearing these fibers edge we'll get the yarns are also cheaper gas. melanie's more colorful to go was cogent up on the gothic as they could hardly sell their wool. more and more shepherds went on to replace their

native stock of dual per, per sheep. ones that produce water wool and meet with foreign hairy breeds that produce only meet changing heard composition and affecting the regions. ecological balance jointed raising of foreign breed is a bit problematic in the local breeds of sheep concert. vive la grasso. the foreign breeds need more if that is not enough with the star. liquor, who help revive local wool swati seat, has launched carlo caravan a social organization that sources indigenous wool directly from her daughter's latrene and hired local artisans like nice ram, thus helping herding communities, slowly return to sustainable livelihood practices. when we are started working with though they seem initially there were just a couple of farmers,

we want to bring but eat lease more than quantity now. oh, thankfully we come, you know, we are like that it did. we have access to a do a huge hurting communities. are a values of for him. archer will be connected to about $50.00 to $60.00 orders. i and i have lake own about dog, 4 to 5000 sheep. colo caravan is part of the center for bestardo lessons. dc own initiative, the art cooperating with many grass roots, organizations to support shepard's protect local culture and animal breeds and protect the environment at the same time our advocacy for the indigenous sheep readable. and the whole of that in is she feel hums essentially from the of the resilience of that of the breed. they are far more resilient to the ecologies of their all the gentle climate, ships and changes are the big aust less. this cost factor could

persuade other shepherds to take up herding local breeze. the herders are the means day of the project luther water. i'll continue to do this work for as long as i can, but her since childhood. i have loved my flock though, my real family is back at home. this flock of it is also my family. are you writing that are really rather go to milligan a little bit about you? and only if they preserve this each all tradition will they be able to help ensure the survival of the himalayan grasslands? from the sheep in the himalayas earthworms, which are found almost everywhere in the world, their integrity to our agriculture, and thus essential for our survival. but modern farming practices have taken a pool of them. a school in berlin is making sure it students understand the

infections of this often neglected. being a special lesson is getting underway at misspell in primary school. and it's one where spades come in handy. this class learning about an animal, most of us rarely see that which is critical for our survival actually ribbon either right. rigley and slimy earthworms aren't the type of animals humans typically enjoy getting close to. but these children know it's worth taking a closer look. to as that list is in has 1st i thought they're probably really boring and stupid. they're probably like a snail really slow, but now i find a really oh, this is our quick. you john, and i think they're interesting, but they move around a lot and definitely look at their growth as ition as anxious against him as i find them. really funny because for example, when they're on your hand, some move really quickly and others slowly and sure absolutely got earthworms are

industrious, invertebrates they play a key role in many of the mostly unseen processes that go on in the ground beneath our feet in places where there are native species like syrup, the vital for soil and plant wednesday. may car plants don't go back. without them, birds wouldn't have anything to eat. kind of football school. i'm not home class teacher paula. this has handed out your work sheets about the nutrients cycle. it explains howard worms eat up dead plants and animals and convert them into theses called casts, which are rich in the nutrients that plants need to thrive. hopes her pupils will learn to appreciate the tiny creatures in suzanne, among, in my opinion, they should understand the big picture that everything is interconnected. and if i behave well here and mindful and respectful to living beings implants, and of course i also have a much better, more livable environment for this research facility near the german city of haller,

scientists is studying the damage done by modern day intensive farming practices. over sprawling area they're looking at houses, oil life says when landers managed in other ways, both in today's climate and the predicted, warmer world of the future. this crop land creates very unfair, were conditions for them. because you know, it's fertilized regularly, which is what i don't like that very delicate skin. and if the hotel is ation last the page, the value of the soil gets it gets more acidic and also it's, it's a monoculture, right? so that's just one type of plans that they eat. and yet it creates a very, very static environment. ecologist, mary's intimate is taking a coil sample to check for life. the ongoing drought in the region has pushed down earthworm numbers across all lunges types. by now

we're having some very many yes, one very, very small one that we found for now. in recent years, the intensively farmed plots have been all but earth when free. that's a bad sign because that presence is widely seen as an indicator of soil fertility. and grass land plots like this pasture that grazed twice a year by sheep, as well as organically farmed plots, earthworm numbers, a higher margin shade. la is the project scientific ward. nita, he explains how the presence of earth worms also points to the soils resilience. the recovery of the vegetation, for instance, also in the grass and plots is pretty good after these 3 years. but it's pretty bad and crop here. it's shadley often presents research findings to stakeholders. he says, farmers have become much more interested in how to make the soil fit for the future . so what are the scientists tips for doing so,

review if management as far as possible. this means a reduction of the chemical disturbances like photon and also chemical disturbances. for instance, 30 is asian by mineral for the live of is a disturbance of the natural nutrient cycle in the files. and of course pesticides which are a huge problem for so. so metals that and that, and taylor high diversity that have many different grasses, many different hubs, different legumes back at the school garden. the children are putting into practice exactly that. looking after the soil means looking after the earth worms and the rest of the soil organisms that turn seats into sustenance. let's now take a look at mosquitoes. they're considered a nuisance and often brushed off. yet, in many parts of the world, including india,

the transmit deadly diseases could genetic modification be a real solution to this problem? and if yes, what, in fact, could such an intervention have on the ecosystem? let's find out. new. they're so small, you can hardly see a difference between the various species. there are more than $3500.00 types of mosquitoes, most of which are harmless. only a few are dangerous for humans like the anomalies mosquito. it transmits malaria, mostly in tropical and sub tropical parts of the world, for example, in large parts of africa and asia. today, malaria is responsible for around 80 percent of mosquito related deaths. and almost all of those are children. under the age of 5, the majority living in africa, scientists have studied the anomalies mosquito for more than a century, looking for ways to control and destroy it. lava sides insecticides they've had

varying degrees of success. the insecticide d d t, for example, is very effective. it was used universally until it was determined to be toxic to other species and humans that is now it's banned in many parts of the world. and mosquitoes have quickly become resistant to other insect a size. so over the last few decade, scientists have turned to a new way of reducing mosquito number's genetic modification. a team of scientists from london are genetically modifying and novelist camby emerge. he says, the species that transmits malaria in africa only female mosquitoes can buys humans and transmit malaria. their mouths known as pro bosses can piss skin. in addition to quenching their thirst. drinking blood also gives female mosquitoes the proteins they need to make eggs before him. some jeans, they're able to repair and mosquito hunters and we were able to manipulate the

string and generate good g mosquito that have mail traits and do not bite. to edit the gene, they used crisper, a relatively new technology that is used to modify dna. as a result, even the female offspring of the modified mosquito were born with mouth parts that could not pierce skin, rendering them unable to feed from blood. and it also made them sterile. now, scientists had a genetically modified mosquito, but they wanted to ensure they could spread the modification throughout a wild mosquito population. normally, when a mosquito with a modified gene mates with a non modified mosquito, half the offspring would have the modified gene and half would be normal. but scientists have another trick up their sleeves. it's called the gene dr. and it's very controversial and pretty all inspiring. a gene dr. increases the odds of the

modified gene being passed on to offspring. that means that individuals with one copy of the modified gene inherited from their father can now copy the modification onto the unmodified gene inherited from their mother and passed on the gene to up to 100 percent of their offspring. this means that if the mosquito with the modified gene breeds with one from the wall that is not modified and has 10 offspring, for example, almost all of them would inherit the modified gene. so eventually, and after the modified genus spread in the population, more or less, any female offspring would be borne sterile and unable to bite as part of target malaria cri sante. and his team have already performed tests they used to borrow tree is created to mimic natural conditions, like realistic temperatures, humidity, and lighting, to stimulate sunrise and sunset, and it worked. in each generation, most females were born sterile. unable to breed, the population died off the genetic modification,

combined with the gene drive lead to the complete collapse of the test population within a year. so that was in test conditions. if released into the wild, these genetically altered mosquitoes have the potential to drive the anomalies gabby's species to extinction and that we're drastically reduce malaria transmission. ah mosquitoes don't typically travel far from where they are born. although that depends on wind and other conditions. kristen t believes the modification would not necessarily reach all areas where the species is found. but containment of living animals isn't always so easy. take the racks. as humans began to travel, the high seas road and species stowed away on ships, that ended up overwhelming island nations. then lays the cane toad. it was brought australia to control the cane beetle, but began breathing uncontrollably and became

a pest in its own rise. didn't dr. opponents argue that, like invasive species, genetically altered mosquitoes with migrate. it's really a concern that these organisms will spread out uncontrollably and or possibly crash populations or possibly lead to extinction of species. they're designed to spread aggressively throughout a species and also to spread geographically across borders. there are international treaties on bio safety, but they don't consider risks posed by a modified gene drive. the e u and some other nations have flat out rejected any release of gene dr. modified creatures within their borders. but let's face it. animals don't care about international agreements, and they don't respect our borders and boundaries. another question is how with the potential extinction of the anomalies, gabby, mosquito impact ecosystems?

just like bees and butterflies, many mosquito species are pollinators transferring pollen from flower to flower. so what would the disappearance of the anomalies mean for plants? and what about the fish birds and baths that feed on mosquitoes? as the genetic alteration itself, there is the possibility of it being passed on to other species of mosquito putting them at risk sinus. have a pretty good idea of how these gene drives a work in situ. um, but it's a very big question like, you know, obviously the contradict everything that go wrong and all the implications of wiping out species that cause death and destruction may sound positive. but once they're gone, what's next? where do we draw the line using a technology that's, you know, instrumental i the extinction as a tool that's a new threshold. human beings have not crossed before june. just reject this

because we're like humans shouldn't be gone. but we also shouldn't just jump straight into the technology that has real risks. and so we need to play like half a line of like really thinking through the 1st use of these things and what the look like, how to work out and take reasonable risks. i, scientists still don't know enough about the potential consequences of unleashing animals with a genetically modified gene drive. it's hard to evaluate the risks a small population of sea otters lives of the western indian state, or go up the many important to the regions ecological balance. yet they faced with threat of extinction. lucas of hunting and pollution. a local organization is working to preserve the species and its habitat on a ferry to jerome, a sleepy island on the mando river did not go. a secluded spot

enveloped in dense mangrove forest and nestled among it is a surprising resident. the elusive, smooth coated order or loot, regardless desolate a rare picture. as these animals are shy, i think i've seen others may be 20 times. i said, that gives you an idea of how hard it is to actually spot an order while orders research why live the search organization based. and tara was founded in 2014 in order to study in vogue to words conserving orders. the medium sized mums inhabit most of the waterways and coastal areas of gone. this year, the colleges are mapping and estimated $4.00 to $5.00 or 2 family groups in giraffe

. each group, it's estimated to have 2 to 6 members. in the last years, they have seen more groups, but some of them seem to have moved other places on the island. in other regions, group sizes are believe to be twice or even 3 times that number. a shy species gets hot to observe in the vine orders, have mostly been studied in captivity, ending to bridge, dis, god while or does research the studying. among other things, the animals reproductive behavior. in the mean group ecosystems, wild and divers, and one, ah, we have evidence of not being born in me, which is contradictory to all the historical data. now is that because this is a highly productive environment where, you know animals that is a fish supply throughout the year and is no problems with that is, is that the reason they've, they've had, you know, pups at that time that yeah,

with focus often being on charismatic mega fung lodge animal, the species with symbolic revenue, while otters wants to raise awareness of the vote will rule is smaller animals like the orders play in balancing the ecosystem. i'll give you an example on, on shadow for you. that is there's a number of commercial fish that go into the fishing pools. ah, and i long said that was something called the madagascar to lapierre, which was an introduced species. and mr. lapierre species was introduced into the waterways here because they've kind of printed on mosquito lovey. and then they took over the ecosystem and started actually killing all native fish species. and then orders came along. and even though they're not a native species, others prefer them and have started eating them the one that helped the original ecosystem to recover all the self funded via or does research organization has

already taught order conservation to around 500 people in through and done ships workshops and training programs, the trade in fur and body parts, loss of habitat, what a pollution and human animal conflict has resulted in this species being classified as vulnerable on the international union for conservation of nitrous red list. today, entourage. the mangroves are protected by law, and part of the island is itself a sanctuary. and there are only a few scientists and tourists. it is little wonder then that jarel has become a safer having broaders our planet tribes on balance, which is why the smallest organism, the largest animal, and everything in between is important for the food health. threatened and extinct

species leads to an imbalance, forcing the earth to self correct is often comes with the disastrous consequences. think about that now. see you again next week. good bye. and thanks for watching. with ah, ah ah

ah ah. with no hello. hello. faith and voice are worth more than a 1000 words. the context, the body dramatically changes how we understand that person, artificial intelligence is getting better at reading people. all you have to do is

give a machine of voice and it immediately appears to have a human personality by face and voice. the power of our 1st impression in 15 minutes on d. w. need burger. today kick. be totally under let us tomorrow, filing in the future. food entrepreneurs and farmers are experimenting with more sustainable meal content. but are there seems taken ruth food for everyone? close up with 90 minutes on d. w. ah. she's got a sister thought they were crazy for ah,

look, and they get all the harvesters are immigrants, gold. if they were minimal, everything you enjoy eating at home with your family, was harvested by people who are being exploited. then i guess a need to, we can keep doing what we're doing for that. we need to be commit sustainable as possible. and that's why you're green revolutionaries. absolutely necessary. europe reveals the future is being determined. now, our documentary theories will show you how people, companies, and countries are we thinking everything and making major changes.

but we don't do something. our children won't be able to enjoy fresh air. you're at the revealed starts november 3rd on d, w. d o. business dw news live from berlin digging in for the heaviest of battles. ukraine says the russian troops are preparing to defend the largest city under their control in the strategically vital region of hair song. also coming up to fight.