good mm. for a massive cyber attack or something like that happens and we can re buena, we're country from the outside a from it. so we're future after all. and if we don't do something, our children won't be able to enjoy fresh air. a waterfall view, it revealed starts november 3rd on d, w. as ukraine presses it's counter offensive against russian occupying forces in the south, moscow's doing some nuclear muscle flexing, conducting military exercises, simulating response to a nuclear attack, and accusing key of planning to launch one russian forces in the southern region around half sun have been moving, injured, people and civilians out of the city, but it's unclear whether the troops themselves are bracing for battle or preparing

to flee. meanwhile, moscow claims here is getting ready to detonate. a dirty bomb laced with radioactive material. a charge ukrainian leaders denied saying rushes describing its own intentions. so on to the point where, asking the roost with the dirty bar, a sign of proteins weakness with hello and welcome to to the point. it is a great pleasure to agree to our guests. jessica berlin is a geostrategic expert with the german marshall fund. gustav grasso is senior policy fellow and military expert at the berlin office of the european council on foreign relations. and joining us online from bon is my ukrainian colleague roman gone chicago. he's working for d w's, russia, desk,

and roman i'd like to go to straight away to the situation in the chest saw because there's mixed signals emanating from that region where russian occupiers have at the same time, been sending dyer messages and about an impending ukrainian attack. and at the same time also appeared to be digging in bracing for battle. so can you give us your assessment of what is going on there? and also wife's son is so strategically important. well, let me start with this late and let us to point that you've mentioned hassan is extremely important for both sides. it's important for russia because it is the only point in ukraine which russia managed to well managed. russia managed to cross that you probably are the biggest river in ukraine, which divides the country in 2 halves in east and west. and it is very difficult to

cross. it's a natural barrier. and russia managed to cross new, brought in the early days of the invasion. and from, from this, from this place, it is planning to go further west to towards michel live, which is a neighboring city and odessa, which is extremely important for the port for ukraine on the black sea. and if russia succeeds, ukraine would lose access to the black sea. so it is extremely important for russia to hold on to be on that right bank of the new pro river. and it is extremely important just from the opposite side for ukraine to, to get it back. and it is also important because it's very close to crimea to the annexed crimea, or where russia in is it, is getting a supplies with fresh water from the new property, which is also from the origin of hassan. so it is, it is in the focal point of this war for both sides. so i can go on just just

shortly. i think we are, we are at a point where ukraine would like it to continue it's offensive, which it started a few weeks ago, a few months ago. the preparations, but it is very slow and russia is on the tipping point, or russia wants to defend. so not to lose it, and it is preparing to defend it, but it could be forced to leave it. so just very quickly, a few words when i did the battle for her son take place, because as you say, the ukrainian forces haven't made real advances in the last few weeks. well, there is a rather small window of opportunity for ukraine here. i think 3 or 4 weeks because the russian mobilization started in late september and we'll need some time to show effect on the battlefield the moment ukrainians have a chance to start the assault on the caps on. but then bad weather and russia mobilization could stop ukraine or make it more much more difficult to retake the city. so i'm at the moment we are that a situation which is very volatile,

which very dynamic. and it is impossible to predict which side will win in the coming weeks. because of the head of ukraine's own defense intelligence agency has down played expectations that are hopes that his son might soon be liberated, saying that he does not see the russians truly preparing to leave. is that just expectation management? do you think or is it realistic? no, it will be your hard fight. i mean, russia is, there are defensive preparations. you see them thinking lines outside of the city. you see them preparing some of the outskirts the buildings to reinforce them, to sustain shelling, and to, to basically turn houses into fortresses. on the other side, there are swapping troops, those now one ah, pontine bridge that operates across did nipple river. it is used for quotation market evacuation,

it will have civilians crossing that bridge all the time because as long as civilians are crossing ukrainians won't fire at this bridge. this bridge than is also used for military purposes. that is bringing out experienced personnel, especially the paratroopers, because they need them elsewhere. and bringing freshly mobilized our fresh troops. are these fresh troops are, of course weaker, less experience, less off. but of course they have to perform static defense. that's tactically, not very difficult. so russia is post that way. thing they are cannon fodder. of course, they're all russian, russian mobilized. forces are can, on for the russia will hold the city as long as he can afford, with these troops. on the other hand, they, they put their lead forces elsewhere in order to have again, an operative to contain new training counsel fence if the are expected elsewhere to, to follow jessica meanwhile, ukrainian president lensky is saying that his people should prepare for what he

called the most difficult winter in their history, that hardly sounds like he's expecting victory anytime soon. on the difficulty of the winter goes far beyond just the battle for have thorn. as we've seen in the past weeks, russian military has been targeting civilian infrastructure as well as military targets destroying power plants heating infrastructure. so right now, 30 percent of the countries without power and the rest of the country is experiencing planned rolling blackouts to protect the grid. and conserve power, and right now it's october. it's getting cold, but the worst, the coldest is still, of course, yet to come. so this will be an incredibly difficult winter, both on the battlefield, but also on the homefront. and we have an example of the concerns about the sensitivity of infrastructure. let us take a closer look now at the situation in the region around half on which russia

occupied, in the early days of the war, and illegally annexed at the end of september. and as we heard just now, half on is a strategic prize for whomever controls it. ah, the ukrainian counter offensive in the south is apparently putting the russian occupy as under increasing pressure images from a russian state, broadcaster, administrators loyal to moscow or transposing people from the city of cow. so across the ne, per river, they call it evacuation in anticipation of ukrainian attacks keefe speaks of forced resettlement. cason is strategically important. if it becomes ukranian again, russia would not be able to advance further west as planned. ukraine in turn, would advance toward crimea. russian troops, west of the ne pro, have been in a difficult position for some time as the ukrainian army has destroyed important

supply routes. now the massive kafka damn is at risk of becoming a weapon of war. since march, the facility has been in the hands of the russians. ukraine accuses them of mining the reservoir and wardens that if it were blown up, it would cause a deadly flash blood for hundreds of thousands of people. the russians site claims that it is ukraine, that wants to blow up the dam itself. how we, his putin's all me and cow song. and let me put that question straight to a roman. we heard a gustavo towing us just now than in fact, russia has been removing some of its most experienced officers and troops and replacing them with these newly recruited, inexperienced young men. oh, what do you think? how long could such forces defend, are occupied hassan? well, it is difficult to assess because we don't not know the whole picture. how many am

are mobilized? how many are experienced of the russian troops there? um, from what i hear on russian said media. ah, there is this feeling that we will not give up. we will not pull back, we will defend her song because it is so much so important for russia when you think of russian history, just to remind you, it is the sooty, which are where the russian lexi fleet was built. of the 1st ships were built there . so it was important in the 18th, 19th century for russia. so you hear such tones, some people even compare cassandra, so i stopped, we were the base of the russian. lexi fleet is now. so when you hear this, it is hardly imaginable that russia is preparing to withdraw from the city. so i think they'll just trying to win some time, some weeks when they have more forces and run the weather with the winter coming. it will make it more difficult for ukraine to move forward. jessica,

let me come to these claims swirling around the healthcare damn, which is at a keel. hydro electric plaid, you mentioned infrastructure earlier on near her son. president zalinski said that his government has information that the russians have mind. the structure and russia meanwhile, is accusing ukraine of planning to attack the damn. so are these just verbal tactics designed to throw the other side off balance or do you think this discussion signals a major escalation in the offing was a bit of both? of course it's part of the information war, but it undermines that. it shows the undermining of the russian military tactically, if russia is needing to destroy infrastructure, if they're threatening to, or if they're putting out rumors of dirty bombs, or threatening the dam, which of course would not only destroy a major our source, but would also flood an area where hundreds of thousands of people live. this would

be a catastrophic attack if this infrastructure were destroyed. they are showing that tactically on the battlefield, their weakened, and therefore needing to use these kinds of threats. to try to get western support to back off. this is really what's, what's going on at play. so it is a credible threats. it is something we have to take seriously. but it's also something that's being used to shaped the narrative of fear and deterrence in this war. cost of staying with the strategic and tactical side here, destroying the dam would create major flooding as we heard in the report. and as jessica has pointed out, it would also destroy an important power plant. put it utterly out of commission, who would have any real strategic advantage from that? a given the fact that the russians or the occupiers don't, they also need this stam and this power plant to remain in operation. the russians

don't need the power plant. ah, but they need the dam for the water for crimea that the channel that supplies crimea is, is billed from that reservoir. as long as water levels are high enough, you can tap water and pump it, or let it flow dawn downward still to crimea. ah, so they will not destroy it unless they feel their half ju, oh, of course, if they completely lose the battle of tra so on. if this of things are beyond repair for the russian army, there might exploded just to to draw the look of ukrainian soldiers and to trawn ukraine. and the sold forces at greek with heavy equipment, which for ukraine is, dear replaceable tanks are replaceable because they gets none from the west or infantry fighting vehicles are replaceable sol, so there is a military purpose. they would also drown some of their own defenders. but if you know, if the situation is lost, i don't mind for that. the concern arising due to the war of words over the dam

pales in comparison to unease over russia's nuclear muscle, flexing russian defense minister, saggy sugar, recently called his counterparts in the us, france and turkey to voice his alarm about what he called possible provocations by key of involving we just heard it mentioned the use of a dirty bomb. that is a bomb, least with radioactive substances. the key of would then seek to blame on russia. assist in for a more circle. we have concrete information about those institutions and ukraine. osha is equal to their scientific institution, the la capable of creating this very dirty vollmer we because rubel most the information we have verified through the appropriate channels. so is that this is nasir groundless accusation, or new push through put those in dish, or as you do if russia coles, and says that ukraine is allegedly preparing to something. that means one things in

russia has already prepared all those other simple women. i believe that the world should react as harshly as possible now or to the law. if russia continues to up the anti bully and prepare for the next level of escalation, it must recognize that the world will not allow it. but all, do my apple watch this, you see there near brooklyn casa, before we start talking about all, what about what this means? just tell us, please, what exactly is a dirty bomb? and what kind of harm could it cause? a dirty bomb is a conventional bomb, basically explosives, under the splinter filler, is not mattel, to cause physical damage. it's made up composed of radioactive material that will then spread in the immediate environment where the pump is designated. ah, it's a usually, it is intended as a terrorist weapon, it has no military value. it has no destructive potentially tass and no impact

on military operations. as such, it would be like a mine field with block certain terrain for movements. but that's it. would it leave a radioactive effect that would essentially make that zone uninhabitable or unusable for some time? it would make a certain song usable? of course, it depends on the size on the composition on the way it is detonated on yelton you it, it is detonated ah, but it would basically make a smaller area. are uninhabitable of us. it is, of course, the long term effects are worse than a mine field because it's easier to clear, a mindful, but the immediate military effect is that of a mine field. so next fact, best question. is there any evidence that ukraine does have such a weapon? and might be planning to use it. this is all bogus nonsense. there is no preparation for making a as such a bomb. and it would make absolutely, sir, or military sense for you. are you trained to even think about that?

it is complete propaganda and yeah, and jessica, what do you think about russia? might they have a dirty bomb? and might they be considering using it? it wouldn't be the 1st time that russia has accuse someone else doing something that in fact, it itself, plans to do. we do know russia just conducted a military drill stimulating a response to a nuclear attack. but that in fact included a nuclear strike in response. so what do you think was precisely as cool stuff said the proposition from lover of that ukraine would be doing this and planning. this is completely farcical. it's complete bollocks, but from the russian side, this is a signal. this is a threat. we have these in our arsenal, we would be willing to use them at the end of the day. this is a further sign of the weakness of the russian position on the battlefield. this threat is meant to change the narrative and to move the fear of western governments

and western voters to try to reduce support for ukraine. it's another classic example of russia pushing ally some fantastic nonsense into the media. then it gets picked up reported on discuss, doesn't mean do they not, and the create in this way and help shape the narratives across the world. but what we actually need to see here is that this is another lie. another threat from a government whose word has become meaningless. so let's talk about what is the fact that narrative is having room and how are people in ukraine reacting to put in playing and, and of course the tension and playing the fear card. well, em people remain calm, but still they are worried. and for the 1st time since the beginning of this war, i saw that people really think that it is possible for russia to use nuclear weapons against ukraine. something people denied in the beginning. they didn't

believe it can happen, but after russia and next, those 4 regions of ukraine, 2 in the east and 2 in the south. and after russian threatened to use are all it can, including nuclear weapons. if your brains continues to fight on the territory which no rational believes is russian. so people were discussing this or they were thinking about their plans, what they would do or how they would protect their children, their families. and the government are made some, some remarks on that uncertain stay calm, but you should know what to do. and they were preparations of shelters or in ukrainian seat is for that case. but still, on the large scale, i would say that ukrainian remained rather skeptical the don't, don't believe that russia would do such a thing because it is too dangerous for us for itself. russia is not so far away and to detonate a nuclear bomb or to bomb ukraine with a nuclear weapon, avita technical weapon or, or any other kind. and it would mean that it is too high,

a risk for russia itself or its neighbor bellows. let me ask ag stuff, whether you would agree with that assessment. as he mentioned, laramie put in has said that he is prepared to use any weapon in russia's arsenal to defend russian territory. and now that he has annexed her son and several other regions, he considers those to be russian territory. on the other hand, u. s. intelligent services say that they do not see evidence that rushes nuclear pasture has changed. so what are you expecting to the extent that you can assess while i 2nd us assessments are we are very closely watched the preparation of the noun. huge exercise has been very closely watched a test of a nuclear drone. russia has tested in the previous month, and we could very well trace the movements of physical materials or react, of course, et cetera. so we know when russia move something,

and if russia move something we can pick up, all the americans can pick up the red telephone and make a call. ah, bought, or russia will make nuclear noise. and it does so because he knows that this is your only convincing argument that can make to deter the west from supporting ukraine. and unfortunately, we are providing them with evidence that this argument works. chancellor sort sholtes himself sate numerous times that he doesn't want to leave germany to woodward at will. one is to be avoided by to make it to coming to the fear card iden himself, dates that he has a very, very and talented wording in his own articles. and speeches are there on there is noise in the white house that this is to be taken and sort of that the americans are even taken much too seriously. and that we give too much room to this kind of in intimidation or at they see the rush and see that we still hold back

decisive military equipment for ukraine. so they see that the fear mongering works . and so they do more of that. it works for them. we heard president zalinski, they're saying the west must harshly react. and jessica, we did hear the pride president biden, seeing that he is communicating directly to the russians, that it would be a grave mistake, in his words, to resort to any type of radioactive weapon we heard the friendly foreign ministers of france, the u. k. and the u. s. r. so i had sending very clear messages, but is it enough? know, those words need to be backed up with hard actions. more weapons for ukraine or offensive weapons for ukraine. they need tanks, they need more air defense. and the western partners need to give it to them. this is the only thing that putting will react to he is watching the message and coming out of washington out of berlin out of brussels very closely. and the speeches have

0 effect on him. the only thing that will change the dynamic in this war and give, put in a same taste of some of the fear and intimidation that he is so successfully spreading across nato is to show that we are delivering results quickly. and that western support will help you crane secure, a decisive victory within the coming year. but unfortunately, the, the speeches and the comments. yes, of course, it's important to say if you make this step, that results for you will be catastrophic. but we need to back that up with action in real time and giving the ukrainians to support they need to stand up to the russian offences and a further point just on this entire narrative. even the fact that that we are now breaking apart and talking about the russian dirty bomb stories is this is a part of showing how effective the strategy is. they in a way,

are able to shape the narrative of this war by taking these kinds of proactive steps by putting stories out there. and we need to become collectively across the pro ukraine alliance. much more effective in simply dismissing these, these statements out of hand. it isn't that also what we're doing when we media talk about these issues, don't we need to give people the facts about, for example, what are dirty bomb isn't, is not sure break down the facts. let people know. but i think the leading point needs to be that we don't even give lover of the media or time when he's putting the stuff out there. that's as part of the problem. we were treating the russian narratives on equal footing as the statements coming out of cave. and that's a mistake. let me just bring in a few viewer comments in the very little remaining time that we have. we receive several comments from youtube viewers in response to last week's show. for example, this one. at this point, this conflict is no longer about just ukraine. it seeks to answer the basic

questions, conditions with nuclear weapons, blackmail those nations that don't. and you better believe china and north korea are watching this closely. and another viewer says, this viewer is fin tux. the thought that letting russia get its will would make the west somehow safer or make things better in general is completely out of touch with reality. roman. do you think that clearly these are viewers who share the consensus here on the panel, but do you think that citizens in the west can remain steadfast in, in view of the roofs that the russians are using? well, most of them can. yes, there is a minority which are susceptible to such russian propaganda, but most of them are can and they will, yes. and very briefly to our, our guests here in the studio. our title was the rule with the dirty bomb. assign hooton's weakness, the step weakness. i'm looking to make now. thank you very,

very much to all of you for being with us. and once again on to the point, thanks to our viewers for joining us. and please do check out our show on youtube and send us your comments. we'd love to hear them, so please do share them. hello, take care and good bye for now. ah ah ah.

with 2 teams targeted attacks on energy supply. how are people coping with here in eastern ukraine inhabitants are preparing for winter. despite broken infrastructure, there's a sense of courage in the air is their hope in the midst of destruction.

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on d, w. ah, ah, this is b, w. news live from berlin tonight, a warning that the world is lagging far behind his goals on climate change. the united nation says rich countries are failing to cut down on greenhouse gases and far from slowing. global warming is accelerating. also coming up tonight, ukrainian troops to hold off attacks by russian forces and the eastern don't bass, reject grains president zalinski condemning moscow.