to do, oh, magic. discover the world around you. subscribe to the w documentary on youtube. ah, the lessons uganda learned from the corona virus pandemic approving helpful in its approach to the current a boda outbreak. for now they still know vaccine against the virus species. but the east african nations medical professionals are better prepared. welcome to the cove at 19 special house. the abode of virus,

different from cove at 19. we took to the erotic just wolfgang prize. and what's the difference between a virus strain and a virus variant? but we start the show in germany where the latest cove at 19 barian sa, closing a fresh spike in infection rates and adaptive vaccine targeting. omicron is now available. and one doctoring berlin is being kept very busy here and berlin's nie cone district. patients have come to the doctor to get a booster shot. since the start of the pandemic, they've been flocking to g. p. sybil caught sunshine's practice to get tested and vaccinated. in the early days, the doctor's office was overrun. but now things have come down. for susan's jo is a quick we make a point of reaching out to patients who are vulnerable and also testing to see if

someone has a pre existing condition. and then we offer them pack fluid, otoh, elderly patients to them. but it's a completely different situation compared to last winter, at least in my practice and lesson been cover. dr. constantly dying has vaccinated about 20000 people in her practice. at the moment, the elderly and people with underlying conditions are keen to get boosters and flu shots. but she believes that as winter approaches the situation calls 1st and foremost for the right information mentioned you and her people who are vulnerable need to protect themselves as if i were mosque at work to protect my patients and my staff. if a few men, i'm not sure if government efforts are working, trust me, i'm not sure it helps to re introduce compulsory massive measures and dolls every winter. yeah. it's me that she isn't, couldn't, doesn't in or mustn't gotten revolution is from this one. it makes sense. and the health sector in hospitals and doctors and physiotherapy practices. but i don't think the authorities should dictate our every move. so dear again,

how does miss relisted? in germany's inner cities, most public health and safety measures have been dropped. but authorities are mulling a re introduction of restrictions such as mandatory masks indoors. most people are taking a relaxed approach and more or less stick to the current rules. middle violem, mawkish widow. on look worried these thousands. hi dawn. i just keep to the rules. try to protect myself. it's been my vaccinated play a habit of up to chance. i used to be really worried about going shopping. it's smartest us and, but now i feel pretty safe and i trust that people are protecting themselves and sticking to the rules. oh, did i assume the higher as a coronado even got some recently before i'm kind of worried. we're not out of the woods yet. oh so it's been 2 years. this is the 3rd winter i and it seems like we haven't learned anything shine. so it's open, it's 100 on tom. politicians are now discussing re introducing safety measures to

ensure the health care system doesn't get overwhelmed. the number of home patients in icey use is currently stable. but as the 3rd, coven winter approaches, hospital staff are feeling the stress. and they're struggling with high infection rates, found god, and he lives in the last few weeks. infection rates have gone up among the general public and among doctors and nurse maps. and this puts additional pressure on the system and we've had to reduce the number of available beds because so many are off sick, both in the short term and the long term for that higher energy costs are putting hospitals under further pressure, making it all the more important to avoid another covert wave this winter patients admitted with omi, grow, and tend to have mild cases and are treated on normal wards.

but staff shortages mean that some hospitals are already postponing non emergency surgery. the business is going to all of it in no trouble. we have to keep up with emergency operations and emergency care list on the tumor of club. we have a duty to do so, and we are doing that on the old school to anger for anger. but we're putting off certain procedures as well, so long as it's safe to do so for the patient. and so with the german health care system is understaffed, over stress and an urgent need of reform. this applies to clinics, as well as doctors offices. sybil constantine would like to see some big changes as a master's leaving don't make life harder for health care workers than it needs to be as much bureaucracy. and the system is to hierarchical and you've got too much jobs in health. can need to be made more attractive life people

are going to do them. muffin, choppy, the attractive, and come up loiter. rising infection rates are just one of many challenges facing germany's health care system. this fall in the northern hemisphere that, that co, that winter is approaching. let's take a look back at how the global pandemic and foggy the 1st year of the pandemic, was about unprecedented changes. st. emptied more or less over night. countries all over the world closed borders and locked down, masking up became compulsory. there were no vaccines and because health care professionals had little experience with the disease catching, it was a terrifying proposition. as the 1st vaccines were rolled out at the end of that 1st pandemic year, around $90000000.00 cases of coven 19 had been reported world lied since then.

over 7 times. that number of people had tested positive for the disease. at experts estimate there been many, many more unconfirmed cases at the peak of the amok on variance surge last january. the highest number of cases in the pandemic. so far over 20000000 people worldwide were testing positive for the disease. every week. throughout the pandemic, deaths world wide, unsurprisingly have reflected infection world wide. a series of waves struck the planet, though different countries suffered differently at different times. a retrospective reviews at least one detectable pattern. it was as simple and devastating equation when the number of cases rose and fell in a new wave. the number of deaths followed a couple of weeks later. the deadliest wave so far piqued and early

2021. when in one terrible, we over a 100000 people died worldwide. but the equation has changed somewhat since the massive on the conway. currently this year. large numbers of people are still getting sick, but on average, fewer are dying. the changing relationship between case rates and death tolls is at least in part due to another factor. widespread vaccination, so far over 12 and a half 1000000 doses of vaccines have gone into arms all over the world. significant percentages of populations in the americas, europe and asia are now fully vaccinated. though there's still a lot to do in africa. the biggest vaccination drive in history is not all on its own. been enough to stop the continued spread, coven 19. but coupled with the immunity induced and many people through wide scale

exposure, experts say it's brought the day when we declared the pandemic at an end, a lot nearer and saved tens of millions of lives. oh, do you have any questions about kind of 19, a science corresponding derek williams is always up to date with the latest findings and is here to answer then to send your questions to kevin producer at d. w dot com this week he owns his the question, what's the difference between a strain and a variant? oh, this is one of those questions that i get asked pretty frequently because for the general public, the term strain and variance are often seen as synonyms and, and even some experts seem to sometimes use them interchangeably. so let's start

with some background. all viruses evolve over time, which means their genetic code changes during replication. as mutations occur in source, go be to those mutations happen fairly frequently compared to some other viruses. we call these mutated viruses variance because they're different genetically and, and sometimes also structurally from their ancestors. but, but those changes, and this is important. they don't necessarily cause a very hint to behave in really new ways. when those genetic changes lead to new properties and a virus, however, like it begins infecting cells differently or it becomes much, much more transmissible then that's when many experts began talking about new viral strains instead of arrogance. so, strains are always variance, but,

but variance aren't always considered strains. unfortunately, though, there's this kind of muddy place in the middle, which is that naming viruses strains or variance basically boils down to how differently they behave compared to their ancestors. a subjective judgment, or maybe it's easiest to take an example from the macro girl to explain it though, it's just a rough approximation. um let's look for a 2nd at dogs. different breeds can be really, really different in terms of their size and their shape. and the color of their fur and their temperament. but they all have something that i would like to call intrinsic li doggy. they're all variations on a common doggy ness. and if dog breeds were viruses,

then we would call them variance of dogs. now let's compare dogs to their close evolutionary relatives, wolves. now here, the behaviors and characteristics really clearly delineate one canine from the other. whoa, furnace and doggy, nes are so different that if the to require us is, we call them different strains. they're clearly related. but they not only look different, they behave really differently to, um, it's not a perfect metaphor, maybe, but may be a useful one. ah, this sudan, if thy la virus has been spreading rapidly in uganda in the last few weeks. there are still no approved vaccines against this particular virus species. but thanks to experience gained during the covered 19 pandemic,

the process of identifying and isolating cases is now more efficient than in previous outbreaks. are reported julius mcgonigal, i've visited the village of my duties with the virus 1st said a grieving father and husband, monica sim, powell has lost his son and his wife to ebola health worker is, are closely monitoring his family little gun, but right excavated up our lead a modem, they said that we must be under surveillance for at least $21.00 days a while, and i often check our temperatures and i am a 0. that period has since passed monday. you know, cuz on the uganda sense that its health care system is prepared to cope with ebola central uganda mo bendy hospital reported the 1st confirm case of a bowler at the end of september doctors saying that system set up to fight cove at 19 can also be applying to ebola we have not had any other

experience in the 100 and such academics level in the country. so pleasure that time detailed health workers, the immigration of community. one 1st of all, experienced in that kind of experience had been gone over to this follow up select the response this time, but nose and government much much fussed when cove at 19 broke out uganda formed a special task force to advise the government that emergency team has now been re deployed to find a bola. why? why we have the some incident commander who was, ah, heading are covered is the one heading a bowler with our scientific advisory committee. i'm part of that committee. we have a steering committee. we are not pillar. we have case management peter, we have surveillance pillar. we have all these pillars under our emergency resource

. so these are helping and they're the ones, those who are useful covered now are being useful. a bowler before cove, at 19 uganda had only one laboratory that analyzed viruses. the government felt compelled to obtain more diagnostic equipment to deal with cove at 19. now the laboratory examines abolla samples on site. it is to take longer even days, weeks. i did, that was a problem before you intervene, but now quickly we have the labs. you can easily, our quickly get the results and intervene for test takes about 5 hours. the moment the sample arrives in the lab takes 5 hours, but because we need to confirm every sample that is positive will confirm it. and it may take 1210 to 12 hours to find that it is there is that

the people of uganda also appeared to be more responsive. since the coven 19 pandemic. uganda began local production of medical essentials like protective gear to support health care measures such as hand washing are also widespread in the fight against he. bola i don't shit hardy. i don't hug. and i keep washing myself a specific fris for your hygiene. make war. she hands washing the body that made up of prevention. hello, i think it is almost the same. doing could we? we were asked to put on musk. that's why even when i'm communicating out my own musk, some challenges that arose during the coven 19 pandemic remain during the bona outbreak . for instance, many frontline health workers still feel underpaid. minister over health as not

provided a courier composition, blood for they hope to walk us. why did you get it and risking their lives? i different lane in this tough, but again, it's a bullet emerging. ah, virus. it is, is with a high for tell you to it. we remember we lost over 64, north walkers, during covey. 19. no one ever committed. the 1st people ahead was reported on september 20th in my due to, within weeks the virus spread to a 200 kilometer radius of the village. even so the ugandan government is confident that it can stop ebola from spreading further, even without imposing travel restrictions. me travel restrictions hit. uganda is economy hard. that's why the country's government is hoping to avoid renewed ban on non essential travel at all cost. so

far it looks like such drastic measures will be necessary if bona might be deadly as encoders, but it appears to be less infectious. ah, how come it hasn't ever spread around the world like cars at $900.00 dw reporter piece finds out from south african virology just wolfgang prize there. ah. how concerned about the situation and you've got difficult to tell these outbreaks, they start slowly and then 11 has to really watch what, what's happening in which direction they are moving. what we hear currently is that even you've gotten which is country with a lot of experience that has done very well in the past with, with outbreaks of this kind is sort of struggling to contain it. so hopefully we'll see the, the bending off of the curve which so far is increasing with victim measures having

been implemented. now i'm a bit holding my breath. and so we will, i think the next few weeks will tell us how peaks you just going to get. can you find out a little bit what's equal enough in the body? so it is one of the so called, the rhetoric fevers saw the face with massive bleeding, often after a little injuries and injection for example, but also from, from the natural orifices. and that happens because the virus interferes with the liver that produces the clotting factors to help our blood clot. but also the cells lining the vessels get damaged by the var infection and the base of leak out blood . and trusting is that his blood is very feature, some people carry a lot of virus in their blood and therefore, and this is how a transmission usually happens that, you know, bleeding starts and then others rush to help and in the process, infect themselves. if you compare this to south cooper, costco, which was really

a respite tract infection. we know it also has effects on amongst the plotting system in a different way. it is a silly lead to more rather than less clotting, but primarily it's in the friction of the respiratory tract, starting in the, in the upper respiratory tract, that's basically in the back of your nose and throat. and in severe cases, obviously also going all the way down to effect the lung. and that is, it's of course, it's much less daily than a boiler. mortality rate is a lot less than than that. but the treacherous thing is that you can infliction with assault coby to with the current of hours without showing any signs of filaments. so you can feel perfectly well, but you are infected and may be passing it on. briefly talk about transmission of the disease comparing, you will have to pass code it to maybe just make clear once again it is much more difficult, right to transmit even from one human being to another than talk over to. yes,

that's absolutely right. sitting next to somebody would not transmit the picture, but it would of course, with, with the coroner virus. so for a boy, you really have to be exposed to the body fluids of the patient. think about better . oh, in columbia, one teacher went well beyond the call of duty to bring books to children. during the pandemic. louis louisiana took a mobile library to remote corners of the country, travelling by donkey ah, riding his donkey alpha, louise soriano is his way to today's appointment at the d. v. no. nino elementary school in the department of magdalena, in columbia. the teacher has loaded his faithful companion with books from his library. he believes that delivering books to school children is an effective

way of fighting social inequality. or through reading columbia rural education in columbia, in bad shape, needs more support from the state for teachers. and really that didn't really that video burrow was born out of sheer necessity. we're going to teachers like resources, especially here in the department of magdalena, which is one of the most disadvantaged in the country. and it was just a little bit off. i want even know if you're not, we need to combat ignorance, the reading, but i mean, what is going to help the future population is reading for today is luis sariana continued to bring his books to the region. even during the pandemic, defying the restrictions on movement that were put in place to help stop the spread of coverage, he refused to put his mission on hold. when a little bit,

so now it all of the it was a challenge because my family thought i was putting myself at risk at one point i was detained by the police because i shouldn't have been on the street. but knowing the loneliness that exists in the countryside, i felt that moral duty left, so that i could, you know, from post to keep being able to deliver his books and avoid spreading. covet, he used old farm yard cages as mailboxes he called his plan catcher. read it when the fella and we started catch a read, the kids got the cages and waited impatiently for me to come by. god, i told them that they could only take the book out of the cage after an hour. i take couldn't wait that long. they went and got it after only 5 minutes. thank god, nothing happened. and i'm sure they were always hoping actually meet again. in columbia's remote municipalities. books are simply too expensive for people to buy . the few books that reached sophia's hands have all been brought here by louis soriano. oh oh.

oh no. another of his regulus is lewis fernando. he's the 1st in his family to learn to read. he asked for books with pictures so that his parents could follow what he was reading from bright, simple matter how sad you are. he always makes you smile with his books relieved. oh, he always motivated us to read other kids has started reading now too. but whenever he comes to our house, we have something to read up on him. i have a book on liliana, but also for teachers in the region. the b, b, a bureau, visits both during and after the pandemic have been the best way to ensure their students stay motivated and keep discovering new books. ah, look it up and profit for people who the books we get from school is the only books we have seen of when we read a book, it motivates us to read a new one,

no more the valid ohio. but if we just have the same ones as last year, the kids already know them and leave them so well, then we don't even have internet here they have a knack on louis soriano has also built a public library for the school children and their neighbors when i don't be when you, when i see baby oberon goes to places that tend to be neglected, to see where people are forgotten. because these are people who deserve respect them, who need to be helped and whose imaginations are to be nurtured. i mean, you said you are smart enough. feel. luis soriano is almost like a character out of a gabriel garcia, marquez snellville, a man who takes books to remote corners of columbia by donkey and not even

a pandemic can stop him. oh that was this week's covered 19 special, and so next time, good bye. ah . with

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