had on the red planets, the collision created a crate and nearly 150 meters wide. is it to be the largest recently recorded on mars? it's 10 times larger than crate is made by other means you're right. the image is also reveal large chunks of ice scientists calling it a huge discovery ice has never been found so close to the equator, on mas before what cdw news up next is the doc film series, taxation and politics. i'm tired, read a truth, a vibrant habitat ended glistening place of longing. the mediterranean sea scene of l muster. and to far abdul karim drift along with exploring the modern lifestyles and mediterranean,

he's ready to lead journey this week on d. w. ah, ah britain. the early 1980 s driven by growing unemployment, working people from all over the country took to the streets. they started in liverpool and marched on london. the situation was explosive. the working class, which had been born during the industrial revolution was taking a stand to defend its rights with

what he's saying that there was, i should wait for you in this case. when you say jobs wife, same brave home, destroyed by the policy that this voucher government margaret, such as economic model was born out of the 1929 crisis. now, following the upheavals of the previous decade, choate was reviving it because only this was on the saw exactly what happened in the 1900 seventy's. optimism of the economic miracle years i subsided. the same time economics seriously. milton friedman was from high up, put forward a counter theory, the less date, the better this classroom, new development and theories lead to a paradigm high believed that a big state was a threat to freedom. he valued freedom even above equality. and i think that that value meant that he constructed

a sort of theory of how the economy should work, which we now call less a fair or the washington consensus, or that sort of very liberal tradition of economic policy making that we should let markets do their business and let individuals make their choices. his famous book, the road to serfdom, had a big influence on margaret thatcher as well as a finish that she took off as this prime minister in may, 979. she implemented hyatt principles, comp, privatization, and to return to a pre world war to minimal state to redone. she's a very big figure in british history because she was really the 1st person who told britain after many decades of decline, that actually britain shouldn't accept that it will forever be declining. it can turn it around. and then she, you know, in a very tough way said that some hard medicine had to be taken. some difficult

decisions had to be taken by industry about taxation about government spending. and so the 1st country to introduce the welfare states also became the 1st to try to replicate it some 50 years later. to do this that she had to 1st strike a blow to the trade unions in her eyes. they represented a form of socialism. when she planned to close 20 mines, which were deemed profitable, $80000.00 minus, went on strike. the longest strike in british history. it lasted from 1984 to 1995 . using all her power, thatcher, crushed at the tragic results. 3 did 20000 injured, 11300 arrested, a 100 year old workers trade union culture was being suffocated. and the people simply shrugged. under mrs. thatcher, the welfare state was regarded as some getting something for nothing. it was regarded as a disincentive to works or if he were given benefits,

you would not be not be interested in working so, so she reset everything really. the biggest thing she did and the most kind of unnoticed, almost because it was and it's kind of people didn't kind of put it all together. was to privatize massive corporations which had been state run. it was always sold in a way that made it seem. am that it wasn't quite giving it all away. oh she did, they cancel housing. she did it with the utilities. she did it with british gas. she did a verb, telecoms and for local council, she, again, part of the state in less government met lower taxes and less money for public services. that she began drastically lowering the tax rate for those with the highest incomes . and for companies, inequality increased almost immediately. if you look at the sort of a,

a measure of inequality of britain over the 1980s, it was one of the most sharp increases inequality anywhere on the planet in there. so these were savage policies when you get to the end of that. and she introduces this thing called the poll tax, which effectively makes it even more ex, senses for poor people to have houses. the sachi governments poll tax called for a per capita housing tax, a tax per individual, regardless of income, and no longer her household. thus it resembled the english pole tax of the middle ages, basically taking money from, from the poor and giving it to the rich. it was the opposite of robin hood. it was so obvious to people that they were gonna get enormous bills and and that's why the pose as moving took house off across the country and in many places since nobody,

even instigating a be amazed people suddenly can say and they put aide what people do in those situations and have done so at history, again is not going to pay it, and the slogan became, am, can't pay, won't pay. ah, with no self proclaimed leader like today's yellow vests in france, the pole tax revolt by past party politics, massive demonstrations like the one in trafalgar square in march 1990 turned into riots. government realized belatedly, that they, they had taken a step too far and that they needed to kind of her back down. and of course, it also played into the whole politics within the conservative party about margaret thatcher, who sort of had outlived her purpose. i think the poll tax protest to

succeeded with the trade unions had failed. in the end, they brought down the fetch government. but the legacy of factions, neo liberality, ology, something she shared with ronald reagan left a lasting mark on the nation's political life. in germany to neo liberals promised an ex make up suite and prosperity. on november, the 9th 1989, the berlin wall felt the liberation of the people in the ged out was followed by re unification. something that was widespread celebration in rainy construction. in a few hours, a dream will become reality. now, after more than 40 bitter years of division, german drummed our fatherland, his re united i am. in the midst of all this euphoria, the governments of the east and west still had to find some common ground.

have your mac and i and then we are creasing and economic and monetary union. when you decide you're feeling today by this means we will introduce the deutsche mark that into east germany knowing full well that its economy was no competitor. certainly the did a on this congruence vague walk, this monetary union, imposed by the west wood to the detriment of the east, which had to adapt quickly to a market economy. when by fritz wiser, the creditor known marked to the r sturgeon, virgin, for example, the traditional markets, the east german economy kilometers from one day to the next day. and if west germany, farms are allowed to buy off from the small east german for then it is clear, of course that the west germany is accumulating much greater prosperity than east germany or to our storage land. during his election campaign, helmut kohl had promised east germans that the market economy would bring them prosperity to finance the re unification he introduced in your tax

each day he bought a gig, rob sanford resident, that i can sort of who has all is against it. then argued that such a solidarity surcharge was needed to bring the budget back into some sort of order in the medium term in order to bring an the new solidarity tax. all sali was paid by all germans based on income. it was seen differently in the west than in the east. many west general felt that they were carrying the burden of re unification. while in the east, people were grappling with an entirely new social system in the mid 19 eighties, neoliberalism and privatization also too called in france. unemployment and poverty skyrocketed with societies. inequality is becoming increasingly pronounced. french people were going hungry, but it wasn't the government who came to the rescue. rather an actor who went by the name of kalu stepped in. he created aristo sticker or restaurants of the

heart. a french charity, which distributed food to those in need. for the shallow hewn for me all dress, if i like russia is all these unemployed people with families, no homeless people go, we prefer to get on groceries instead of prepared food, eating here with the family, with shame here if you pick up groceries and no one knows it was a donation. awful. let me. in 1990 the social security contributions of the work as an employer's was no longer enough to cover social security and unemployment benefits. so who prime minister michelle ra car, a socialist created a new tax? the c s g. this is very clear mean to focus on this so. so celsius g was introduced in 1993 and as a type of income tax is proportional. a non progressive the tax rate remains the same regardless of income level. it is a tax id, i think of it, but it goes into the coffers of the social security system and not into the state

covers be brought to the to you if the school is own reorganized, so to speak, in order to be able to finance an ever larger part of social security through tax the situation and not only through social security contribution, it's on pal equity. that's also, sir, it's meant that the financing, the social security was moving away from the model that had been in place since the 2nd world war 5 years later as you pay plan was intended to push this change even further. we love, was it the like was it? yes. fraud is at a crossroads. love. yes. france to day has only the choice between change who decline bigler. ah ah, the will cause rebelled. seeing the plan is a diminishment of their social rights within 24 hours. 2000000 people were out on the streets, something not seen since may. 1968. the unions brought france to

a standstill, forcing the government to dropped as you pay plan, which would have also raised the retirement age for civil servants. 30 years later, the retirement age is still a contentious topic. oh my god, i'm, i'm just being fleeced. i get $1009.00 to $2.00 euros pension and i pay $550.00 euros rent. i'll starve to death. and i worked 40 years in a hospital with an almost though i have been working since i was 15 years old. i will be $62.00 and of k contributions for 47 years. 15 years we've been retired. there hasn't been a dime of increase. and today you want to saddle us with a social security tax as a married couple get used to our complaints until we're dead. i am a widow. please don't cut what little money our poor husband slave so hard for in 42 years of hard work. but never been a drainage study. i've earned my retirement fear and square,

don't destroy the system. with the signing of the master treaty in 1992, the welfare state was further eroded. the treaty enabled the free movement of goods, people and cat, who was in the european union, a win for the ideology, thatcher and reagan such arizona reagan is almost a, such are ism, reagan resumes. so i mean, the regulations, the fleming softener board in curbing government protectionism fair, but the market sorted out the only the companies growth is eggplant, benefits, key york, that makes for high profits, which have helped some emerging markets, prosper me you and allow developing countries to come industrialized and grow. a comment also has drawbacks you designed especially when it comes to taxes that mom at your tax age. now playing almost dominant ra hip on the weakening capital

taxation net, fibral, it deprives countries of any ability to collect their taxes on the campus. regardless of their social monthly design book, is that what they can? gus? one more, they're so scared to shakopee on january 1st, 2002, the euro was launched. one single currency which immediately facilitated the free movement of capital with the exception of britain, which didn't adopt the euro member states gave up the prerogative of controlling their own currency within the common market. no provisions were made for protecting member countries. text systems, local, so it would be n s n. okay, do something venue. the construction of the european union should have been accompanied by social and fiscal legislation. that did not happen them. work was only done on trade regulations to combat statement. our belief will and remove restrictions on the movement of goods vote no thought at all was given to the impact this might have on corporate structures law. but if a company has a space thick in which it can move freely and can locate its production in

a country where employees cost less. sure, and there are fewer social security contributions and non wage labor costs. the, i'm wondering then it will set up its production there. that was, if there are no taxes on intellectual property in another country, it's, that's a bits holding company there presented it as a result in the e. u has created a new set of structures for corporations, including internationally operating french corporation, underwood p, compete, they will profit a rental astronaut to keep friends attractive to its own professionals. the government began granting special fiscal dispensations. this led to a boon in tax exemptions. ah, liberality developers on prism pre so shoot to fit, do politicians are becoming increasingly powerless due to the strong influence of you legislation. so no one of the few ways to respond to the demand for tax cuts i

did is to give tax, great elders, it's easy to do because if it's just passing through and that's how it's being done . got dickens that is a political tool to serve tax cutting interests to the problem. unfortunately, category is that only a few benefits which will be sent to the general public. kiki does not benefit if you are the intelligent on cissy stay. systems are very complex and lead to great justices lives, understand how tax expenditure amounts to a 100000000000 euros. so me as one parliamentarian puts it in a nutshell, me behind every tax li park looks a dog l. yeah, shell, the old principal of fair taxation. a legacy of the french revolution began to disappear. meanwhile, the quest, a tax optimization, opened up new horizons for some legacy blacks. ellison fragment that ever rules are complicated to you. they are varies, and they are global at the same time, do accordingly. and there are many who take advantage of the situation. this is legal means assume they are not tax of eater esl filled up. the tax optimizations

have been only ensures that they pay as little taxes. when t countries support multinational corporations playing labor markets off against each other, the global north against the south. the so lame remaining competitive in germany with the unemployment rate after reunification was 12 percent. chancellor schroeder government introduced measures targeting unemployment benefits and labor cars. when in 2005, the hots for reforms were announced, the middle class understood it too could be threatened with poverty the only hip at all for the huts, fee of our misty for the of its laws. the real threat of hearts fought was not for the unemployed ocean. rather, the threat lane consequences for the labor market to such really fluent as a result of hearts for a low wage sector established itself in germany, especially in saxony. i'm holding the strategy of the state government at the time . belief was to sell saxony hung up the low wage state. look here,

people work here for less money to get. we then have hourly wages here are for euro 6 euros are zix. these were considered completely normal. for that was the real consequence of hearts fork of an outfit of it, he spread in saxony, unhappy wiping out the last vestiges of the east germans social model. the reduction of labor costs had the poor 1st dish no did origin of child and we're glad is not only the german social democracy that is dotted social cost is the creed, the skin. it also applies to the party socially in so in other words, that the social democratic party in france is in our feet. it is just as true of the spanish socialist workers, party awareness. it is also true of the italian communist, whoever you look on monday. at one point they fallen for the dilution of neoliberalism dom written thus abandoned the thinking of the social democrats and socialists of game awe with the decline

of social democracy. the idea of using taxation to redistribute wealth and thus reduced in a qualities, was gradually fighting in 2005 europe. since we're asked to vote on a common european constitution, vote is in denmark, the netherlands and france rejected it. ah, it is. but what is the people's vote worth when the market is focused on the movement of goods and capital? barely 2 years later, the treaty of lisbon was signed a new copy of the treaty that was rejected by voters. this fudging of the democratic process would have consequences by 2019 the yellow vests. i'm convinced that representative democracy wasn't really working. mm vote on a new

e u. treaty that is inclusive and most importantly does not distort the outcome of the vote. a new constitution that also allows for referendums, no more invisible nps, they should talk with the citizens, one term only abolish the constitutional monarchy. the yellow vests revived political debate from crisis to crisis. the link between taxation and politics became more and more clear. that financial crisis of 2009 duco may declare that there is globalization without regulation. santiago, rather, there is globalization, thanks to the regular, really good as deregulation had arousing effect on markets, starting with the real estate market in the 2 thousands banks with the backing of their governments drove citizens into debt for home ownership, with adjustable rate mortgages. to ready to go to meet all gender. as the number of

loans exploded, interest rates rose, benefiting the bags and the markets, but hurting debtors home owners who could no longer afford their mortgages. in 2008, the number of people defaulting on their payments multiplied truly the worldwide subprime financial crisis. the entire banking system was on the brink. governments rushed to tape the banks, keeping them afloat. the public money, much of what remained of countries welfare states were sacrificed to say the banker's britain was at the forefront of bailing out their financial institutions. some of the most powerful in the world don't estimate the welfare state they had to participation. this is exactly what george osborne, the tory chancellor was planning with. this is dotie program. it was a big moment, my 1st budget standing there. i was a little nervous and i also knew i had to announce rather surprised the country that we were going to do

a whole set of difficult things like raise the retirement age for people, hold public sector, pay the pay of the nurses and the teachers flat increase the taxes that some very rich people paid. all these things are not easy to announce. and i think people were expecting me to do it in many different announcements over several years. and i did it in one go. when he came to debt reduction in germany, the approach was strict finance mister mills can show bella was following the same course as george osborne mia liberalism was on the rise at the expense of the most vulnerable on an up that the dog had. had one of the federal government mastered the crisis. well, thanks to some great economic achievement cluster by with the use of part time work program through many investment aids on many investment program will come in about as well as with incentives for consumption and investments for social security. absolutely. master the crisis, good demise them with wolfgang show,

a blur in charge of germany's finances is 0 deficit concept was set in stone, a strictly balanced budget mechanism to put the brakes on debt became part of the german constitution for a decade. it was represented visually with a debt clock is a shouldn't, was ends and void of her. that's mon b, which after july, those fish's debt clock is more of a symbol of the importance of balancing economic performance for her tax burden of citizens. and the behavior of society were full stop and the day clock is based on the idea that you shouldn't get into excessive debt. that's money that you always have to make sure that i can repay the debt you take on monday op a demon can. these read numbers symbolizes the political action, is implemented in financial or leasing as political gazette student. above all the clocks symbolizes the german tax credo of the last decade, which you spending at all costs. in france, nicholas suckers,

these government chose not to focus on reducing debt, deciding instead to bail out the banks and the rich. the finance mystery came up with the tax reform that limited the tax paid by the wealthiest introducing a tax cap said at 50 percent of their income. i pulled a look mortishaw just imaging that wouldn't come of it falls into of systematically raising taxes is a bad solution with a finance minister must find other ways to hire a more prosperous to do so, you must be able to generate enough political strength to avoid an excess of public love your missile and allow the country to take another pas. democracy must be efficient with the citizens. money for come from your household pays too much tax minute. the not money does not flow until the private sector. the money then does not benefit the economy and does not enable wealth to increased to be passed on to one's children. individuals can no longer freely dispose of the money that i have, i believe are for the long fraud and aurora. can i give you this tax cap when hand

in hand with the reduction in social spending prescribed by the austerity policies imposed on the entire european union? a growing number of people was slipping into poverty. so workers endured austerity, they endured restrain pay, but jeez, public services were on the other hand, there were these massive subsidies going to the financial sector. so you have this really peculiar world that you know obscene world really, where the workers are punished when they didn't cause the crisis in finance is rewarded. then it did quote, cost across system to offset these policies favoring the wealthiest and demonstrate that the rich would have to contribute his well. a member state supported an initiative to rein in tax havens launched by the o e. c. d. that is on follicle on them enough on that you see i met with found took

a success in 2009, the dressing tax evasion in switzerland, luxembourg. mm. singapore. hong kong with cayman islands. bermuda. okay. i could list 50 more countries. let me put it was to, to a strong political dynamic triggered by the shock banking crisis. he feels good. the only bad want to put leggers or is all the country bizarre, where the govern by right wingers are left with off. we can't get billions of euros to bail out blank wall street. and at the same time, watch these banks help people not pay their taxes through taxation it up or no to the 0. last remarks that so the g 20 was supposed to make a list of which countries at my progress since the 1990 s to if in which not is a nicotine is lupita premier. the fur is okay. buffy program for a 3 the model wanted to pres for switzerland to me. friday, march 13th, 29. was looking back at a very important date on them. that was when our governmental, the swiss federal council gave a press conference and announced that from now on switzerland would comply with the

we c d standard. put the theme as article 26 of the model tax convention for the avoidance of double taxation that, that even this article says this does, the states must exchange information and tax matters is good. and importantly, to cannot invoke banking secrecy a circumvent the exchange. the question back in may 2015, very soon after the douglas switzerland even went so far as to see that we now also accept the standard on automatic exchange of information. automatic dawson m, like i fire field when there are ways to create a tech saving close to home. simple glue as companies with tax advantages. ah m e d, i know mad, couldn't requita or sandra. it is not normal for small states in europe to divert billions of euros in tax revenue from other state which in turn provide the human capital and expertise for europe,

who trains the people who then work in these tax events. im equally not only are the small states diverting tax revenue, but they are also not compensating at an e u level for the at that they have stolen it on the tax rivalry within the european union created a tense in balance after the 2009 financial crisis, the banks was stronger than ever, and the rich just kept getting richer people felt cheated. populism was on the right thing, came a harsh blow for the you breaks it in 2016, the british government put membership in the e. u to a vote remain is faced off, would leave it the latter persuaded voters, the b e. u was to blame for the dismantling of the welfare state, which had actually been decline since margaret thatcher time. one of the things that i owe the leave people come by and dawn was this idea the 350000000 pounds week to be spent on the, in

a chess instead of going to brussels. they worked out some spurious figure, although actually a lot of the money we gave to bruce brussels or was given to brussels in tax, was actually given back through european structural fun. on june 23rd 2016, a majority voted in favor of briggs. it the northeast of england, formerly a labor stronghold, had tit the scales ah, ah, gemini was also still divided. 30 years after re unification there was still aussies and vessels. ah. this divide plate into the hands of the ifd,

the right wing populace alternative the germany party. ah, the army dodge la d ifd audio ft is in or starts on stagger. we have the i sd, and germany start until the sd is stronger in eastern germany. the ifd, but not because people in eastern germany more susceptible to the f t. it's because then when people feel that they are socially excluded, ya'll ask a grand send their wages along, loosened the sierra renton for their pensions. and oh, good. that's in the overall of their living conditions are not good, but then to put a protest, her thursdays, which are, that is social inequality is of the root of the i is the success in the through the motor ifd a few foreigners combined with the dissatisfaction with texas, and suddenly the 8th t rose in popularity. the movement carried a tone similar to that of the brig st vote in the u. k. and was particularly strong

in disadvantage parts of the country. in france, it was the increase in the carbon tax in 2018 which highlighted the countries divide. those who relied on cars started protesting. it was the beginning of the yellow vest movement, whose political agenda would grow to include other grievances as well. as it is on this young kid, cassandra not, however, she scarlet in that yellow vests are a kind of tax reporting to them. it's a reaction to an increase in taxes, which is seen as unfair by a portion of the population we. it goes on in an environment with a very high tax per, is in and low satisfaction, where the state visit such overheated reactions occur. we are well as we know from the yellow version decision that that's, that that's of the 1st attack on top of tax on top of tax. that was probably the straw that broke the camel's back. there was already rumbling before that. i didn't take to the streets because of the carbon tax,

but because of the elevator. yes. and they saw, but i think many at home were waiting angrily in front of their computers for it much harder. i've been ranting for ages and thinking, when will it all explode? all suffered? ah, desperation mobilized the people and is dangerous to restore fiscal justice, we must meet capitalism, we're moral or destroy it enough with the tax cuts. why not basic income, especially for young people aged $16.00 to $25.00? strengthen the civil service, close tax loopholes they are prevalent for the rich of 80 fair on the pill attend, declined the head. is it where you took the trouble to hold discussions in the citizens me any way anyone could come and speak dorian and well, all complaints john, even the controversial ones because they were,

they were noted and passed on me. but at the community me 2 year old people called very angry thought because the only answers they got a hair worth deny, normally there was no police violence. now no tear gas was used. no one was beep enough. felicia was it. but that was justified or whom what you're asking for. i'm afraid there's nothing we can do. we spend too much as it is over a map of them. it logically follows. to take matters into one's own hands and get more control of politics. it ultimately, lemme, these people are demanding more democracy. i don't know, they printed the mckesson. i convinced that they were not being heard, the yellow vests mobilized for almost to hear the cause as if their anger were multiple, sometimes contradictory. their principal demands were to gain some control in how they were taxed for their grievances to be taken seriously. began states which have less and less control over taxation even to that luscious getty seroquel regardless

of 20 o tax. lemme is the lynchpin of sovereignty. as we've already shown that all, there is no sovereignty without the pirate attack as dividend. that was true from the middle ages until the 20th century. if yield now we are experiencing a globalization. in addition, a gargoyle, sticker of the new characteristics of economy. ali lanier is a kind of digitalization of the economy, which they no longer correspond to the characteristics of traditional economic activities, equanimity. we, it, every day. we're exactly this or that. multinational companies based today is difficult to say, well, incentives is not known. exactly. gus, you aren't is also not known where they should be. attack was improved. oh, put it, exit. the took legislature. this is the whole difficulty in taxing companies today to be able to localize their fall. you creation process law, her classroom recess. hm. after the

industrial revolution, the digital revolution created a new way of accumulating wealth. a group of american tech giants were caching in with hefty prophets and dominating the west's digital market. unchallenged. galveston is a good fit in russia when you use google and type something into the search engine . if you pay nothing, it's free. local, please. and again, as of course, that doesn't mean the company doesn't make money because it does that by selling data. but they took my definition as intangible and they got one of the big challenges in taxation today is also to capture values that traditionally cannot be captured, that a local nice back up to hit additional ready filled it up. the challenge is gigantic. it was, it is really about sovereignty. hipaa, if we do not manage the state such as france, which have a high level of tax revenue that will be in great difficulty. it. yes. then there is the risk of this tax revenue will slip away from their territory and will be

missing from the revenue doctor. and as a result, they go, there will be great difficulty in financing public services. i mean tinning the economic. what you'll see also speak in almond to meet this new challenge, the o e. c. d, which represents 40 of the wealthiest countries, came up with a new global tax to try to regulate economies. as they do have ac on a daily defeat, the only c d 's is working to address these challenges for business about the new read. her new rules are designed to allow countries to continue to levy their own tax loss with the thought that add a global view by the shows that there is a lot of money at stake to live as your fiscal in terms of tax evasion, by multinational will monumental non us on to we're talking about around $3400000000000.00 euros a year. well, why don't, when you remove yet is see if we will sit, introduce a global. i is the end of the pandemic in site.

we show what it could look like will return to normal and we visit those who are finding it difficult with successes and in a weekly coping. 19 special 910 minutes on d, w o. i have been sent and i have been busy. i have been sick a straight it because we tried to to show dirty, a face of mafia all over the world. environmentalists are in danger. the enemy, roofless corporations corrupted government agencies and criminal cartels. with

a design and ended up with targeted environmentalists in danger starts october 29th on d. w. ah, this is d w. news. and these are our top stories. a new report from the united nation says the governments of rich and nations are not doing enough to cod carbon emissions. the un says the world is on track to be almost 3 degrees warmer by the end of the sent.