plans to detonate a dirty bomb and does some nuclear muscle flexing of its own assign of proteins weakness to find out on to the point. to point. and 60 d w nuke with what secrets lie behind these walls. discover new adventures in 360 degrees. and explore fascinating world heritage sites. he w world heritage 360. get the out. know ah . the lessons uganda learned from the corona virus pandemic approving helpful in its approach to the current a bola outbreak. for now they still know vaccine against the virus species, but the east african nations medical professionals are better prepared.

mm. welcome to the cove at 19 special house. the abode of virus, different from cove at 19. we took to the erotic just wolfgang prize. and what's the difference between a virus strain and a virus variant? but we start the show in germany where the latest cove at 19 barian sa, causing a fresh spike in infection rates and adapted vaccine targeting, omicron is now available. and one doctor in berlin is being kept very busy here and berlin's nie cone district. patients have come to the doctor to get a booster shot. since the start of the pandemic, they've been flocking to g. p. simila cod sunshine's practice to get tested and vaccinated in the early days, the doctor's office was overrun. but now things have calmed down. for

susan's jo, busy cook, we make a point of reaching out to patients who are vulnerable and also testing to see if someone has a pre existing condition. then we offer them pack fluid. oh, elderly patients to them. but it's a completely different situation compared to last winter, at least in my practice. i'm. that's been cover. doctor, constantly dying has vaccinated about 20000 people in her practice. at the moment, the elderly and people with underlying conditions are keen to get boosters and flu shots. but she believes that is winter approaches. the situation calls 1st and foremost for the right information. many of you and her people who are vulnerable need to protect themselves as if i were a mask at work to protect my patients and my staff. a few men, i'm not sure if government efforts are working, trust me. i'm not sure it helps to re introduce compulsory massive measures and dolls every winter. yeah. it's me that she's and couldn't,

doesn't in one mustn't get hung them loosen if in the swim that makes sense in the health sector in hospitals and doctors and physiotherapy practices. but i don't think the authorities should dictate our every move. so dear again, how does miss relisted? in germany's inner cities, most public health and safety measures have been dropped. but authorities are mulling a re introduction of restrictions such as mandatory masks indoors. most people are taking a relaxed approach and more or less stick to the current rules. middle violem, mawkish widow. on log larry, these thousands. hi dawn. i just keep to the rules. try to protect myself. it's been, i'm a vaccinated. we're happy to have the chance that i used to be really worried about going shopping. i it's my hist us and but now i feel pretty safe and i trust that people are protecting themselves and sticking to the rules. oh, did i assume the hired as a coronado even got some recently before i'm kind of worried. we're not out of the

woods yet. oh so it's been 2 years. this is the 3rd winter i and it seems like we haven't learned anything john, so it's open to suited on tom. politicians are now discussing re introducing safety measures to ensure the health care system doesn't get overwhelmed. the number of home patients in icy use is currently stable. but as the 3rd, coven winter approaches, hospital staff are feeling the strain. and they're struggling with high infection rates. bound rodney lesson law in the last few weeks. infection rates have gone up among the general public and among doctors and nurse a life of the will, amounts and figures. this puts additional pressure on the systems of and we've had to reduce the number of available beds because so many are off sick law, both in the short term and the long term long for say assert higher energy costs are putting hospitals under further pressure, making it all the more important to avoid another covert wave this winter

patients admitted with ami grown tend to have mild cases and are treated on normal wards. all but staff shortages mean that some hospitals are already postponing non emergency surgery. it isn't showing as canada as we had in norfolk, but people we have to keep up with emergency operations and emergency care to list on those 2 are on the clock. we have a duty to do so, and we are doing that. we are looking at the old school to either full angle, but we're putting off certain procedures going well, so long as it's safe to do soda for the patient lied. hanson went on, the german health care system is understaffed, overstretched and an urgent need of reform. this applies to clinics as well as doctors offices. sybil. i concentrate. i would like to see some big changes as a matter leaving. don't make life harder for health care workers than it needs to be does and lighter. emma not does it come yesterday level too much bureaucracy and

the system is to hierarchical and oh, you got his issue much. when moved, jobs in health can need to be made more attractive life people are going to do them martin job to, to attractive and come up later. rising infection rates are just one of many challenges facing germany's health care system this fall in the northern hemisphere. the said cold winter is approaching. let's take a look back at how the global pandemic and funding the 1st year of the pandemic was about unprecedented changes. st. emptied more or less over night countries all over the world, closed borders and locked down. masking up became compulsory. there were no vaccines and because health care professionals had little experience with the disease catching, it was

a terrifying proposition. as the 1st vaccines were rolled out at the end of that 1st pandemic year, around $90000000.00 cases of coven 19 had been reported. world lied since then, over 7 times. that number of people had tested positive for the disease. and experts estimate, there's been many, many more unconfirmed cases at the peak of the amok on variance surge last january. the highest number of cases in the pandemic. so far over 20000000 people worldwide were testing positive for the disease. every week. throughout the pandemic, deaths world wide, unsurprisingly, have reflected infection worldwide. a series of waves struck the planet, though different countries suffer differently at different times. a retrospective reveals at least one detectable pattern. it was as simple and devastating equation

when the number of cases rose and fell in a new wave. the number of deaths followed a couple of weeks later. the deadliest waves so far peaked and early 2021, when in one terrible week over a 100000 people died wide. but the equation has changed somewhat since the massive on conway. currently this year, large numbers of people are still getting sick, but on average, fewer are dying. the changing relationship between case rates and death tolls is at least in part due to another factor. widespread vaccination. so far, over 12 and a half 1000000 doses of vaccines have gone into arms all over the world. significant percentages of populations in the americas, europe and asia are now fully vaccinated, though there's still a lot to do and africa. the biggest vaccination drive in history is not all on

its own. been enough to stop the continued spread, coven 19. but coupled with the immunity induced and many people through wide scale exposure, experts say it's brought the day when we declare the pandemic at an end. a lot nearer and save tens of millions of lives. oh, do you have any questions about kind of 19, a science correspondent derek williams is always up to date with the latest findings and is here to answer them to send your questions to cove it produce at d, w dot com this week he runs his the question: what's the difference between a strain and a variant? oh, this is one of those questions that i get asked pretty frequently because for the general public, the term strain and variance are often seen as synonyms and,

and even some experts seem to sometimes use them interchangeably. so let's start with some background. them all. viruses evolve over time, which means their genetic code changes during replication. as mutations occur in source, go be to those mutations happen fairly frequently compared to some other viruses. we call these mutated viruses variance because they're different genetically and, and sometimes also structurally from their ancestors. but, but those changes, and this is important, they don't necessarily cause a very hint to behave in really new ways. when those genetic changes lead to new properties and a virus however, like it begins infecting cells differently, or it becomes much,

much more transmissible than that's when many experts began talking about new viral strains instead of variance. so, strains are always variance, but, but variance aren't always considered strains. unfortunately, though, there's this kind of muddy place in the middle, which is that naming viruses strains or variance basically boils down to how differently they behave compared to their ancestors. a subjective judgment, or maybe it's easiest to take an example from the macro girl to explain it though, it's just a rough approximation. um let's look for a 2nd at dogs. different breeds can be really, really different in terms of their size and their shape. and the color of their fur and their temperament. but they all have something that i would like to call

intrinsic li doggy. they're all variations on a common doggy ness. and if dog breeds were viruses, then we would call them variance of dogs. now let's compare dogs to their close evolutionary relatives, wolves. now here, the behaviors and characteristics really clearly delineate one canine from the other wolf ness and doggy. nes are so different that if they do require asses, we call them different strains. they're clearly related, but they not only look different, they behave really differently to. um, it's not a perfect metaphor, maybe, but may be a useful one. ah, the sudan if i, la virus has been spreading rapidly in uganda in the last few weeks. there are

still no approved vaccines against this particular virus species, but thanks to experience gained during the curve at 19 pandemic, the process of identifying and isolating cases is now more efficient than in previous outbreaks. are reported julius mcgonigal, i've visited the village of my dad in with a virus 1st said a grieving father and husband, monaco sim, powell has lost his son and his wife to ebola health worker is, are closely monitoring his family in a little gun, but white excavated up our lead a modem, they said that we must be under surveillance for at least $21.00 days a while, and i often check our temperatures and i am a 0. that period has since passed. my job in uganda sense that its health care system is preparing to complet ebola central uganda mo bendy hospital reported the 1st confirm case of

a bowler at the end of september doctors saying that system set up to fight cove at 19 can also be applying to ebola we have not had any idea experience in the humbly such academics this level in the country. so it is a sub leisure that time the, the work of the immigration of community. one, 1st of all, experienced in that kind of experience have been blown over. you have seen the response this time, but nose and government much, much faster. when cove at 19 broke out, uganda formed a special task force to advise the government that emergency team has now been re deployed to find a bowler. right. we have the sim incident commander who was ah, heading are covered, is the one heading a bowler with our scientific advisory committee. i'm part of that committee. we

have a steering committee. we are not pillar. we have case management. peter, we have surveillance pillar. we have all these pillars under our images to risk was . so these are helping and they're the ones, those were useful covered now a be useful, a bowler before covered 19 uganda had only one laboratory that analyzed viruses. the government felt compelled to obtain more diagnostic equipment to deal with coven 19. now the laboratory examines cibola samples on site. it is to take longer even days, weeks. i did that was a problem before you intervene. but now quickly, we have the labs. you can easily our quickly get the results and intervene for test takes about 5 hours. the moment the sample arrives in the lab takes 5 hours because we need to confirm every sample that is positive will confirm it. and it may take

1210 to 12 hours to find that it is there is at the people of uganda also appear to be more responsive since the coven 19 pandemic. uganda began local production of medical essentials like protective gear to support health care measures such as hand washing are also widespread in the fight against ebola. i don't shit hardy. i don't hug and i keep washing myself my people. specifically. chris, will your hygiene like wash your hands, washing the body that made up of prevention? hello. i think it is almost the same. doing good we we were asked to put on musk. that's why even when i'm communicating out my own musk,

some challenges that arose during the coven 19 pandemic remain during the bona outbreak. for instance, many frontline health workers still feel underpaid, minister of health, as not provided a clear composition blood for the health was. why did you get it and risking their lives? i different lane in this tough, but again, it's a bullet emerging. ah, virus. it is. is with a high for tell you to it. we remember we lost over 64 north walk us doing called 19 though i never composited. the 1st people ahead was reported on september 20th in my due to, within weeks the virus spread to a 200 kilometer radius of the village. even so, the ugandan government is confident that it can stop ebola from spreading further, even without imposing travel restrictions. me travel restrictions hit uganda as economy hard. that's why the country's government

is hoping to avoid renewed ban on non essential travel at all cost. so far it looks like such drastic measures will be necessary if bona might be deadly of incompetence, but it appears to be less infectious. ah, how come it hasn't ever spread around the world like it? $900.00 dw reporter in peace finds out from south african verola just wolfgang prize there. ah, how concern you about that situation and you've got difficult to tell these outbreaks day you start slowly and then 11 has to really watch what, what's happening in which direction they are moving. what we hear currently is that even your gun, which is a country with a lot of experience that has done very well in the past with, with outbreaks of, of this kind of struggling to contain it. so hopefully we'll see the bending

off of the curve which so far is increasing with victim measures having been implemented. now i'm holding my breath and so we are real. i think the next few weeks will tell us how big it is going to get. can you find out a little bit what's up in the body? so it is one of the so called interactive fevers, saw the face with massive bleeding, often after a little injuries and injection for example, but also from, from the natural orifices. and that happens because the virus interferes with the liver that produces the clotting factors to help our blood clot. but also the cells lining the vessels get damaged by the volume in fiction and individual leak out blood. and the track christy news that his blood is very infectious. people carry a lot of virus in their blood and therefore,

and this is how transmission usually happens that you know, bleeding starts and then others rush to help and in the process, infect themselves. if you compare the just have to go through, it's really a respiratory tract infection. we know it also has effects on amongst or the plotting system in a different way. it leads to more rather than less clotting. but primarily it's in the friction of the respiratory tract, starting in the, in the upper respiratory tract, that's basically the back of your nose and throat. and in severe cases obviously also going all the way down to effect the lung. and that is, it's of course it's much less daily than a boiler. mortality rate is a lot less than than that. but the treacherous thing is that you can fix it with assaults colby, to, with the current of hours without showing any signs of illness. so you can feel perfectly well, but you are infected and maybe passing it on. if you're talking about transmission of the d b compare,

you will need to go back to maybe to just make clear once again, it is much more difficult, right? to transmit. even from one human being to another than talk over to. yes, that's absolutely right. sitting next to somebody would not transmit the picture, but it would of course with, with the current of ours. so for, you really have to be exposed to the body fluids of the patient. better. oh, in columbia, one teacher went well beyond the call of duty to bring books to children during the pandemic. louis louisiana took a mobile library to remote corners of the country, travelling by donkey ah, riding his donkey alpha, louise soriano is his way to today's appointment at the d. v. no. nino elementary school in the department of magdalena,

in columbia. the teacher has loaded his faithful companion with books from his library. he believes that delivering books to school children is an effective way of fighting social inequality. could relinquish on b. r, rural education in columbia, in bad shape, needs more support from the state for teachers. and really that didn't really that in the borough, was born out of sheer necessity. going to teachers like resources, especially here in the department of magdalena, which is one of the most disadvantages in the country. and it was just a little bit of my, you know, if you're not, we need to combat ignorance through reading. but i mean, what is going to help the future population is reading for today is almost luis sariana continued to bring his books to the region. even during the pandemic, defying the restrictions on movement that were put in place to help stop the spread

of covet. he refused to put his mission on hold or when it opened. so now it was a challenge because my family thought i was putting myself at risk at one point i was detained by the police because i should have been on the street. but knowing the loneliness that exists in the countryside, i felt that moral duty that i could send you enough to keep being able to deliver his books and avoid spreading. covered, he used old farmyard cages as mailboxes he called his plan catcher. read it one fella. when we started catch a read, the kids got the cages and waited impatiently for me to come by. god, i told them that they could only take the book out of the cage after an hour, but they couldn't wait that long. they went and got an after only 5 minutes. thank god, nothing happened. and i'm sure they were always hoping to actually meet again in columbia as remote municipalities. books are simply too expensive for people to buy

. the few books that reached the field hands have all been brought here by louis soriano. who be on the oh, know another of these regulus is lewis fernando. he's the 1st in his family to learn to read. he asked for books with pictures so that his parents could follow what he was reading one by him better. how sad you are. he always makes you smile with his book and almost always motivated us to read him. other kids have started reading now to whenever he comes to our house. we have something to read. my book on louisiana bravo, but teaches in the region the b, b, o, burro visits both during and after. the pandemic have been the best way to ensure their students they motivated and keep discovering new books.

looking for people who the books we get from school are the only books we have seen as when we read a book. it motivates us to read a new one, no more the related or whatever. but if we just have the same one for the last year, the kids already know them. and then we don't even have internet here. they have a knack. lewis soriano has also built a public library for the school children. and the neighbors don't be ring persona, nbc, the big leo borough goes to places that tend to be neglected to see where people are forgotten. because these are people who deserve respect them, who need to be helped and whose imaginations are to be nurtured. i mean, you said you are smart enough feel. louise soriano is almost like

a character out of a gabriel garcia, marquez snellville, a man who takes books to remote corners of columbia by donkey and not even a pandemic can stop him. oh that was this week's covered 19 special until next time. good bye. ah . with

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