the apple app sol, that'll give you access to all the latest news world as well as push notifications for any breaking and that's it from me and the news team from now cause a month, but we'll have an update for you at the top of the off i don't go away though, up next hour though. commentary filled comp paid won't pay. taxation on this policy . of course, as of one use all websites d w dot com that's reason refurbish, go check it out of it. and ah, the country that will host the world caught between transformation and exploitation, between education and tradition, between cosmopolitan flare and captivating wilderness. the portrait of

a desert state full of contradictions. guitar starts november 11th on d. w. ah. ah, reason, the early 19 eighties, driven by growing unemployment, working people from all over the country took to the streets. they started in liverpool and marched on london. the situation was explosive. the working class, which had been born during the industrial revolution, was taking a stand to defend its rights with

me when you when you, when you think job, same faithful drawing by the government, margaret pension economic model, one of the 1929 crisis. now, following the people of the previous decade with reviving it just gets belzoni, this was on this. so what happened in the 1900 seventy's optimism of the economic miracle years subsided at the same time economic seriously. milton friedman was from hyatt put forward a counter theory, the last date, the better this clash of new development and theories, the lead to a paradigm high believed that a big state was a threat to freedom. he valued freedom even above equality. and i think that that value meant that he constructed a sort of theory of how the economy should work, which we now call less

a fair or the washington consensus, or that sort of very liberal tradition of economic policy making that we should let markets do their business and let individuals make their choices. his famous book, the road to serfdom, had a big influence on margaret thatcher as well as also reagan. as soon as she took off this prime minister in may, 979, she implemented hyatt principles, comp, privatization, and to return to a pre world war to minimal state. to be done. she's a very big figure in british history because she was really the 1st person who told britain, after many decades of decline, that britain shouldn't accept that it will forever be declining. it could turn it around. and then she, you know, in a very tough way said that some hard medicine had to be taken. some difficult decisions had to be taken in story about taxation about government spending. and so

the 1st country to introduce the welfare state also became the 1st to try to eradicate it. some 50 years later, to do this, thatcher had to 1st strike a blow to the trade unions in her eyes. they represented a form of socialism. when she planned to close 20 mines, which were deemed unprofitable, $80000.00 miners went on strike. the longest strike in british history, it lasted from 1984 to 1985. using all her power, thatcher, crushed at the tragic results. 3 dead at 20000 injured 11300 arrested, a 100 year old workers trade union culture was being suffocated, and the people simply shrugged. under mrs. thatcher, the welfare state was regarded as some getting something for nothing. it was regarded as a disincentive to works. or if he were given benefits,

you would not have been not be interested in working so, so she reset everything really. the biggest thing she did and the most kind of unnoticed, almost because it wasn't, it's kind of people didn't kind of put it all together. was to privatize massive corporations which had been state run. it was always sold in a way that made it seem. am that it wasn't quite giving it all away. oh, she did that it cancel housing. she did it with the utility and she did it with his gas. she did it, firm telecoms and for local council, she, again, part of the state in less government met lower taxes and less money for public services. that she began drastically lowering the tax rate for those with the highest incomes . and for companies in a quality increased almost immediately if you look at the sort of a,

a measure of inequality of britain over the 1980s, it was one of the most sharp increases inequality anywhere on the planet. so these were savage policies when you get to the end of that. and she introduces this thing called the poll tax, which effectively makes it even more expensive for poor people to have houses. the fact she governments poll tax called for a per capita housing tax, a tax per individual, regardless of income, and no longer her household. thus it resembled the english pole tax of the middle ages, basically taking money from her, from the poor and giving it to the rich. it was the opposite of robin hood. it was so obvious to people that they were gonna get enormous bills am and that's why the po tax movement took us off across the country. i am in many places since nobody, even instigating it be amazed at people's something and say,

and people did what people do in those situations. in of dumb to out history again is i'm not going to pay it. and the slogan became, am, can't pay, won't pay. ah, with no self proclaimed leader like today's yellow vests in france, the pole tax revolt by past party politics, massive demonstrations like the one in trafalgar square in march, 1990 turned into rise. government realized belatedly, that they, they had taken a step too far and that they needed to kind of her back down. and of course, it also played into the whole politics within the conservative party about margaret thatcher, who sort of had outlived her purpose. i think the poll tax protest to succeeded with the trade unions had failed. in the end,

they brought down the fetch government with the legacy of such as neo liberal ideology. something she shared with ronald reagan left a lasting mark on the nations political life. in germany to neo liberals promised an economic upswing and prosperity. on november, the 9th 1989, the berlin wall felt the liberation of the people in the ged out was followed by re unification. something that was widespread celebration in rainy construction. in a few hours, a dream will become reality. now, after more than 40, better years at division, german jumped, our fatherland is reunited. i am. in the midst of all this euphoria, the governments of the east and west still had to find some common ground

of your mac. and i'm there. we are creasing an economic and monetary union. when you decide you're feeling today by this means, we will introduce the deutsche mark that into east germany. knowing full well that its economy was not competitive, asserted or did a on his congruence vague was this monetary union imposed by the west wood to the detriment of the east, which had to adapt quickly to a market economy then by fritz wiser. the that is, you know, mark there are sturgeon versus for example, the traditional markets, the east german economy kilometers from one day to the next day. and if west germany, farms are allowed to buy a small east german for then it is clear. of course, the west germany is accumulating much greater prosperity than east germany or to our storage land. during his election campaign, helmut kohl had promised east germans that the market economy would bring them prosperity to finance to re unification, he introduced a new tax. is there, he bought a gig, rob sanford,

aden that i thought it was always against it then argued that such a solidarity surcharge was needed to bring the budget back into some sort of order in the medium term in order to bring in the new solidarity tax all sali was paid by all germans based on income. it was seen differently in the west than in the east. many west general felt that they were carrying burden of re unification. while in the east, people were grappling with an entirely new social system. in the mid 19 eighties, neoliberalism and privatization also to cult in france, unemployment and poverty skyrocketed with societies. inequality is becoming increasingly pronounced. french people were going hungry, but it wasn't the government who came to the rescue. rather, an actor who went by the name of could you stepped in he created aristo

sticker or restaurants of the heart, a french charity, which distributed food to those in need. for the sure. you and for me all dress, if i like russia, he don't, these are unemployed. people with families, not homeless people go, we prefer to get on groceries instead of prepared food, eating here with the family. who chima here? did you pick up groceries and no one knows it was a donation. awful. let me. in 1009, he the social security contributions of the work as an employer's was no longer enough to cover social security and unemployment benefits. so primary is that michelle ra car, a socialist, created a new tax. the c s g. this is very clear, mean a socket one and it's so celsius g was introduced in 1993. and as a type of income tax is proportional and non progressive. the tax rate remains the same regardless of income level. it is a tax id. i think it is, but it goes into the coffers of the social security system and not into the state

covers. they brought that to you if the school is own reorganize, so to speak, in order to be able to finance an ever larger part of social security through taxes and not only through social security contribution, it's all about equities as also so this meant that the financing with social security was moving away from the model that had been in place since the 2nd world war 5 years later as you pay plan was intended to push this change even further. we love was it the like, was it? yes. froze is at a crossroads. love yes, france to day has only the choice between change who declines regular ah, ah, the will cause rebels seen the plan is a diminishment of their social rights within 24 hours. 2000000 people were out on the streets. something not seen since may 1968. the unions brought france to

a standstill force in the government to drop as you pay plan, which would have also raised the retirement age for civil servants. 30 years later, the retirement age is still a contentious topic. oh my god, i'm just being felice. i get $1092.00 euros pension and i pay $550.00 euros rent. i'll starve to death and i worked 40 years in a hospital with anomaly. although i have been working since i was 15 years old, i will be 62 and as p contributions for 47 years. 15 years we've been retired. there hasn't been a dime of increase. and today you want a satellite with a social security tax as a married couple get used to our complaints until we're dead. i am a widow. please don't cut what little money our poor husband slave so hard for in 42 years of hard work, but never been a drainage study. i've earned my retirement fear in square. don't destroy the

system. with the signing of the master treaty in 1992. the welfare state was further eroded. the treaty enabled the free movement of goods, people and capitol within the european union, a win for the ideology of thatcher and reagan. such arizona, regan is almost a saturation. reagan is amazing. i mean, the regulations, the fleming softener board and curbing government protectionism fair, but the market sorted out the only the companies grove is a plan benefit key on that makes for high profits which have held some emerging markets prosper me, you would allow developing countries to become industrialized and grow. a comment also has drawbacks you designed especially when it comes to taxes that mom at your taxi eggs now play an almost dominant ra hip on the weakening capital taxation. could not phoebe it deprives countries of any ability to collect their taxes. get

that regardless of their social market is i'm book is that it will take care of us when we're there. so sad to check the on january 1st, 2002, the euro was launched. one single currency which immediately facilitated the free movement of capital with the exception of britain, which didn't adopt the euro member states gave up the prerogative of controlling their own currency within the common market, no provisions were made for protect member countries, text systems, local success will be n s n. okay, do something funny. the construction of the european union should have been accompanied by social and fiscal legislation that did not happen. work was only done on trade regulations to combat state monopolies if will, and remove restrictions on the movement of goods vote no thought at all was given to the impact this might have on corporate structures law. but if a company has a space thick in which it can move freely and can locate its production in a country where employees cost less and there are fewer social security

contributions and non wage labor costs liam want, then it will set up its production there. that was, if there are no taxes on intellectual property in another country, if that's a bits holding company, they're presented as a result in the e. u has created a new set of structures for corporations, all including internationally, operating french corporation in the will p compete. they will profit. i don't understand that. to keep friends attractive to its own professionals, the government began granting special fiscal dispensations. this led to a boom in tax exemptions. ah lou polity do belong to present, present, pre so true to fit your politicians are becoming increasingly powerless due to the strong influence of you legislation. so no one of the few ways to respond to the demand for tax cuts i did is to give tax. great. notice it's easy to do the 1st

just passively deep. and that's how it's been done. got dickens is a political tool to serve tax cutting interests. the problem unfortunately, category is only a few benefit result isn't that the general public figure does not benefit to fuel golden and diligence on reduces the systems of very complex and lead to great justices lives. undersea how tax expenditure amounts to a 100000000000 euros for me, as one parliamentarian puts it in a nutshell, behind every tax li paulk looks a dog l. u. shill the old principle of fair taxation, a legacy of the french revolution began to disappear. meanwhile, the quest, a tax optimization, opened up new horizons for some english bricks. edison fragment, the in the rules are complicated to you. they are varies, and they are global at the same time do accordingly. and there are many who take advantage of the situation. this is legal means assume they are not tax of eater, esl fills up the tax optimizations have been only ensures that they pay

a little tax as possible to acquire you. they basically just make use of what the legal framework as a liar look at, met the fair the tax optimization of large corporations had a direct impact on the people who have old g 8 and g. 20 countries support multinational corporations playing labor markets off against each other, the global north against the south. the so lame remaining competitive in germany with the unemployment rate after reunification was 12 percent. chancellor schroeder government introduced measures targeting unemployment benefits and lay because when in 2005, the hots for reforms were announced, the middle class understood it too could be threatened with poverty the even the hip at all for the hubs. few of our misty for the of its laws. the real threats of hearts fought was not for the unemployed ocean. rather, the threat lane consequences for the labor market to such sheely floors as

a result of halts for a low wage sector established itself in germany, especially in saxony, on how the strategy of the state government at the time belief was to sell saxony on hobbling low wage state. look here, people work here for less money to get. we then have hourly wages here, a full euros, 6 euros zix. all these were considered completely normal. so that was the real consequence of hans fork of an outfit. of it, he spread in saxony, unhappy wiping out the last vestiges of the east german social model. the reduction of labor costs heard the poor 1st dish. no did origin of child and morgan. i did not only the german social democracy stopped at social costs as a crete, the scared it's also applies to the party socially into. in other words, the social democratic party in france is in our field. it is just as true of the spanish socialist workers party illness. it is also true of the italian communist,

whoever you look on monday. at one point they fallen for the dilution of neoliberalism dom written thus abandoned the thinking of the social democrats and socialists of game awe. with the decline of social democracy. the idea of using taxation to redistribute wealth and thus reducing equality was gradually fading. in 2005 europeans were asked to vote on a common european constitution. vote is in denmark, the netherlands and france rejected it ah, b a c. but what is the people's vote would when the market is focused on the movement of goods and capital belly. 2 years later, the treaty of lisbon was signed

a new copy of the treaty that was rejected by voters. this fudging of the democratic process would have consequences by 2019 the yellow vests were convinced that representative democracy wasn't really working. a vote on a new e u. treaty that is inclusive and most importantly does not distort the outcome of the vote. a new constitution that also allows for referendums, no more invisible nps, they should talk with the citizens. one term only abolished the constitutional monarchy. the yellow vests revived political debate from crisis to crisis. the link between taxation and politics became more and more clear. that financial crisis of 2009 lucas made it clear that there was globalization without regulation faulty, or rather, there is globalization, thanks to the regular he's a good as deregulation had arousing effect on markets,

starting with the real estate market in the 2 thousands banks with the backing it there, governments drove citizens into debt for home ownership, with adjustable rate mortgages. you ready to go to meet all gender. as the number of loans exploded, interest rates rows benefiting the banks and the markets, but hurting debtors home owners who could no longer afford their mortgages in 2000 a night. the number of people defaulting on their payments, multiplied true in the world wide sub prime financial crisis. the entire banking system was on the brink government's rush to save the banks, keeping them afloat with public money. much of what remained of countries welfare states was sacrificed to save the bankers. britain was at the forefront of bailing out their financial institutions. some of the most powerful in the world. don't decimate the welfare state. they chanted in front of the treasury. yet this is exactly what george osborne, the tory chancellor was planning with his,

his dirty program. it was a big moment, my 1st budget standing there. i was little nervous and i also knew i had to announce and rather surprise, a country that we're going to do a whole set of difficult things like raised the retirement age for people who hold public sector pay the pay of the nurses and the teachers flat increase the taxes that some very rich people paid. all these things that were not easy to announce. and i think people were expecting me to do it in over many different announcements over several years. and i did it in one go when it came to debt reduction in germany. the approach was strict finance mister mills can show bella was following the same course as george osborne mio liberalism was on the rise at the expense of the most vulnerable and an up to the door. i did. one of the federal government mastered the crisis. well, thanks to some great economic achievement,

closer by with the use of parts i'm work program. so many investment aids on many investment program or common about as well as with incentives for consumption use, and investments for social security. absolutely, master the crazy good to my son with wolfgang show adler in charge of germany's finances is 0 deficit concept was set in stone, a strictly balanced budget mechanism to put the brakes on debt became part of the german constitution for a decade. it was represented visually with a debt clock is assured me was i, i am void of her. that's mon, the rich after july. those fish's debt clock is more of a symbol of the importance of balancing economic performance for a tax burden of citizens sampling. and the behavior of society were food stamp and the dead clock is based on the idea that you shouldn't get into excessive debt. that's money that you always have to make sure that i can repay the debt you take on monday. ok, the demon, can these read numbers symbolize the, the political action is implemented in financial or leasing as political gazette

student. above all the clocks symbolizes the german tax credo of the last decade, which you spending at all costs in france. nicholas suckers, these government chose not to focus on reducing debt, deciding instead to bail out the banks and the rich. the finance mystery came up with the tax reform that limited the tax paid by the wealthiest introducing a tax cap said at 50 percent of their income. i pulled a look mortishaw just imaging that wouldn't come of it falls into of systematically raising taxes is a bad solution with a finance minister must find other ways to hire a more prosperous to do so, you must be able to generate enough political strength to avoid an excess of public love your missile and allow the country to take another pas. democracy must be efficient with the citizens. money for come from your household pays to much tax minute than that money does not flow until the private sector. the money then does

not benefit the economy and does not enable wealth to increased to be passed on to one's children. individuals can no longer freely dispose of the money that i have, i believe are under the long fraud and aurora can i give you? this tax cap went hand in hand with the reduction in social spending prescribed by the austerity policies imposed on the entire european union. a growing number of people was slipping into poverty. so workers endured austerity. they enjoyed restrain pay, but jeez, public services were on the other hand, there were these massive subsidies going to the financial sector. so you have this really peculiar world that in an obscene world, really where the workers are punished when they didn't cause the crisis and finances rewarded. then it did quote, cost across system to offset these policies favoring the wealthiest and demonstrate

that the rich would have to contribute as well. each member states supported an initiative to rein in tax havens launched by the o. e cd. now isn't paula kell on the mean enough on that you see a microphone. so a success in 2009 the dressing tax evasion in switzerland, luxembourg. i'm using poor hong kong with cayman islands. bermuda. okay. i could list 50 more countries. let me put it was due to a strong political dynamic triggered by the shockey thinking crisis. if you go on the pallet what to put leggers or is all the country for saw where the governed by right wingers are left with off, we can't get billions of euros to bail out blank wall street. and at the same time, watch the banks help people not pay their taxes or tax evasion or no to be honest, remarks that so the g $20.00 was supposed to make a list of which countries at natal progress since the 1995, if in which not is a nicotine these the peter premier, the fer it took a buffet pocket for a 3 somebody wanted pres for switzerland to me. friday, march 13th,

29. was looking back at a very important date on them. that was when our government and the swiss federal council gave a press conference and announced that from now on switzerland would comply with the we c d standard. the book, the famous article $26.00 of the model tax convention for the avoidance of double taxation that that event. this article says is that the states must exchange information and tax measures is good. and importantly, who cannot invoke banking secrecy a circumvent exchange the car back in may, 2015, very soon after the dog switzerland even went so far as to see that we now also accept the standard of an automatic exchange of information automatic. don't sit m like a fire field when there are ways to create a tech saving close to home luxembourg lewis companies with tax advantages. ah. e d. i know that couldn't me,

quita or sandra. it is not normal for small states in europe to divert billions of euros in tax revenue from other state, which in turn provide the human capital and expertise for europe. who trained the people who then work in these tax havens him equally? not only are the small states diverting tax revenue, but they are also not compensating at an e u level for the app that they have stolen today, tony tax rivalry within the european union created a tense and balance after the 2009 financial crisis. the banks was stronger than ever, and the rich just kept getting richer people felt cheated. populism was on the right thing, came a harsh blow for the you breaks it in 2016, the british government put membership in the e. u to a vote remain is faced off, would leave it. the latter persuaded voters that the e u was to blame for the dismantling of the welfare state,

which had actually been in decline since margaret thatcher time. one of the things that, oh, the leave people come by and all was this idea the 350000000 bands week to be spent on the, in a chess instead of going to brussels. they were tired, some spurious figure, although actually a lot of the money we gave to bruce brussels or was given to brussels in tax, was actually given back through european structural fun. on june 23rd 2016, a majority voted in favor of briggs. it the northeast of england, formerly a labor stronghold, had tit scales. ah, ah, gemini was also still divided. 30 years after re unification. there was still

aussies and vices. ah, this divide plight into the hands of the ifd, the right when populist alternative, the germany party, ah, the 120 ifd on the ifd is in our star touch dagger. we have the ifd in germany. i start until the sd is stronger in eastern germany. the ifd, but not because people in eastern germany more susceptible to the f b. it's because when, when people feel that they are socially excluded, ya'll ask a grand, send them wages, a lovely, send the sierra renton, the pensions are no good. that's in the overall of their living conditions are not good, but then you put a protest as thursdays which are that is social inequality is of the root of the ice. these ss in there through the motor ifd. ah,

a few foreigners combined with the dissatisfaction with texas and suddenly the a f t rose in popularity. the movement carried a tone similar to that of the briggs advised in the u. k. and was particularly strong in disadvantage parts of the country. in france, that was the increase in the carbon tax in 2018 which highlighted the country's divide. those who relied on cars started protesting. it was the beginning of the yellow vest movement is political agenda would grow to include other grievances as well. lizzie design the seal kit cost, not whatever she skull next, yellow vests are a kind of tax reporting to them. it's a reaction to an increase in taxes, which is seen as unfair by a portion of the population really, it goes on in an environment with a very high tax per, is in low satisfaction, where the state visibility such overheated reactions occur. korea was, we know from the yellow version decision, let that sub that out of life as

a tag on top of tax on top of tax. that was probably the straw that broke the camel's back. there was already rumbling before that. i didn't take to the streets because of the carbon tax, but because of the elevator seattle they saw, but i think many at home were waiting angrily in front of their computers for it much harder. i've been ranting for ages and thinking when will it all explode? all suffer ah desperation mobilized the people and is dangerous to restore fiscal justice. we must meet capitalism were moral or destroyed enough with the tax cuts. why not a basic income, especially for young people, aged $16.00 to $25.00? strengthen the civil service, clothes, tax loopholes they are privileged for the rich. i have yet 80 fair on the repeal

attend, declined the head. is it where you took the trouble to hold discussions in the citizens meeting when anyone could come and speak dorion and when law complaints john, even the controversial ones because they were, they were noted and passed on with me. but at the community me 2 year old people called very angry thought because the only answers they got a hair worth and i, you know, really there was no police violence. now no tear gas was used. no one was beep enough, resale was it. but that was justified or whom what you're asking for. i'm afraid there's nothing we can do. we spend too much as it is awful map of them. it logically follows. to take matters into one's own hands and get more control of politics. ultimately, lemme, these people are demanding more democracy and not a prisoner democracy. ah, convinced that they were not being heard, the yellow vests mobilized for almost to hear the causes of their anger were multiple, sometimes contradictory. their principal demands were to gain some control in how

they were taxed for their grievances to be taken seriously. began states which have less and less control over taxation even do that luscious, getty? cedric eldric elder as rented oh, tax level is the lynch kind of sovereignty. as we've already shown that all, there is no sovereignty without the pirate attack is developing that was true from the middle ages until the 20th century. if you know we are experiencing a globalization, in addition regard to the sticker of the new characteristics of economy, only lending really the kind of digitalization of the economy, the ribs and the no longer correspond to the characteristics of traditional economic activities, equanimity we, it every day we're exactly this or that multinational companies based today is difficult to say well, and since it is not known exactly a good bus you want is also not known where they should be tactless, improved. oh, politics it, they took legislature, this is the whole difficulty in taxing companies today to be able to localize their

value creation process law her classroom recess. after the industrial revolution, the digital revolution created a new way of accumulating wealth. a group of american tech chance were caching in with hefty prophets and dominating the western digital market. unchallenged. galveston is a good fit in russia when you use google and type something into the search engine . if you pay nothing, it's free. local prison again, as of course, that doesn't mean the company doesn't make money because it does that by selling data. but they took, my definition isn't tangible on and he called one of the big challenges in taxation to day is also to capture values that traditionally cannot be captured, that it won't come nice back up to hit additional ready filled it up. the challenge

is gigantic unless it is really about sovereignty, but if we do not manage the state such as france, which have a high level of tax, revenue will be in great difficulty in yes, then there is the risk of this tax revenue will slip away from their territory and will be missing from the revenue lock. and as a result, they go, there will be great difficulty in financing public services. i maintaining the economic wife lucille, so speak it omitted. to me this new challenge, the o e c. d, which represents 40 of the wealthiest countries, came up with a new global tax to try to regulate economies as they do it, have asia, a daily defeat, the only c d that is working to address these challenges for business is about the new very new rules are designed to allow countries to continue to levy their own tax, dr. the songs that add a global view. it shows that there is a lot of money at stake to live as your she scale the terms of tax evasion by multinational will monumental non us on to we're talking about around

$3400000000000.00 euros a year. well it while on the roman yet is see if williams introduce a global minimum tax very quickly. mom, mom yell if yelp where you can raise at least a $150000000000.00 euro on top of current tax revenues. he says, you play or said she's got doctrine. i think it's fantastic that we have had a shift and thinking and the o e. c. d has done all this work to develop a new model of corporate taxation, which says companies have an obligation to the communities in which they operate and they should pay tax where they operate and where they met their sales. and that there should be some minimum floor of global taxation so that countries are not competing with each other in a race to the bottom. she said they could of diekama sweat or no harm. if this agreement is, the doctor says we would like a car and omit and then we will for the 1st time have an instrument with which to put an end to the harmful practices of tax havens. i'm simply put thought no state

will be forced to increase its tax rate or not. this will put it with the agreement . gives others the right to tax it very heavily. if it does not exist in guilford. so we have here a very powerful instrument. it's put an end to one of the most harmful practices of the last 2 decades. who did any of the c? m, are almost her 28. this is probably the biggest tax reform in a 100 years she and appears hic. ah, meanwhile, amazon, google and others like them is still slipping through the net. the year 2020 only made them richer. the tech giant prospered through the pandemic, to the detriment and the climate tax justice and small shopkeepers. ah, the pandemic muted the yellow vest movement while highlighting the shortcomings of neoliberalism. it became clear that the welfare state had severely declined. a national health systems damaged as they were by decades of austerity,

couldn't handle the so now me of disease. the world had to press pause. governments were forced to spend on a massive scale to keep their economies afloat. ah, the you had to morrow heavily to proper member states economies. the curve it's crisis is extremely interesting because it has led to once again, a huge increase in expenditure leading to debt to g d. p ratio that are near ring in the developed world around a 120 percent. so we're not still still quite not reaching so the, you know, the 150 percent of the 1st world war, not to mention the 250 percent of the napoleon. it was and 2nd world war. but it's still a very substantial amount of debt and i think there is

a lot of questioning at the moment as to whether we will sort of do a repeat of what happened after 272008. when is dead, there must be taxation. the political choices of countries after the pandemic will prove decisive, but will follow after 50 years of neoliberalism that has stripped the tech system of its power. but have only mazin, or was killing a man, let us see whether it will be possible to reduce this in the quality of a greater extent off to the pandemic. notice, i'm not sure yet because economic concentration is increase or decrease. my power has become more and more concentrated in the hands, were few large companies, all of which are caused florida. do not want taxes to change the through and welfare states to improve when they sold it, that even a book sag no on per well dominion dismissal. oh, we have certainly reached the turning point. we can look at this one has some mystically so you can see that things have tended to get worse of the last 30 or 40

years either. we could also see that the last 2 crises, if the financial crisis of 2018 and the pandemic we've been experiencing since 2020 was a process about a real change rule and turns states priorities and views on tax issues arise with no major fiscal but sort of taxation will people accept in the future will to be a tank. so digital data traffic in the 21st century. will we tax the work of robots? these kinds of questions will catch up with all protest movements sooner or later at its heart. like to simple questions unchanged since the middle ages. where does my tax money go? and what kind of a society does it help to construct? mm mm.

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