atrocities ah, the future of remembrance culture, an international question. art 21 next on d w. as you can use is to thoughts there will great it will be able to do i. ready he sees just in the history books, it is very much a part of us. we remember for us to repair to shape our future. when we say never again,

we have to mean it almost leads to the problem with today's culture of remembrance is that we embrace jews to the point that they can't breathe with germany is once again debating how it deals with its nazi past and the issues of guilt remembrance and responsibility. should there be more focus on other dark chapters in history? is the culture of remembrance, changing, and if so, how we had to south africa where a museum is exploring parallels between european and african history. we also go to israel, where the younger generation has re thinking the way the holocaust is remembered.

but we start to show in germany a country that thought he had learned how to come to terms with its past. but his now realizing that it's an ongoing process with me in november 1938 anti semitism, took a violent turn throughout. germany not sees burned down synagogues, london, jewish homes and stores and murdered many in the ensuing holocaust. the showa, in hebrew, millions of jews were killed. remembering these victims and acknowledging the country's historical guilt for the crime is committed under national socialism is a fact of life in germany. the nation has faced up to this dark chapter in its history. it's been a rocky journey fraught with hurdles, but the holocaust is central to the country's culture of remembrance

versus got on finances. so i like the fact that it's clear that we keep the past alive and when, when you look to other countries, you soon realize a culture of remembrance of upholstery genes. crimes can't be taken for granted. hooked on to say this duty helps us learn how important it is to also keep others memories. a life can view and anime vista of, of the document envelope for them. about 22000000 people in germany have a migrant background. meaning one him for like he doesn't identify with the countries historical guilt for nazi crimes. and that change is how people look back on history. now the spotlight is shifting to another murky chapter. your reps long ignored crime. this, during the colonial era, germany is struggling to confront its responsibility of a button up improved, or ford lying on when it comes to sweeping colonial crimes under the carpet. all the former colonial powers have the same attitude and germany is no exception. i

english and any child own english kind of like annette. they won't admit anything until there's no way around it. and they string along the victims for as long as possible. cause along a hindu smokey bud. wait. ready onto the germans praised for how admirably they deal with their dark past with. ready ready no other country in the world has faced its past, so encouragingly declared jewish philosopher susan nyman in 2020. does that only apply to the holocaust? did the nazis crimes talk all other crimes against humanity? it's a controversial question. why does guilt for nazi crimes play such a key role for germans? how do they face the historical truth? and how are they now trying to been shut down new paths? venosity flag when it comes to the question, how can we get young people with a migrant background interested in the shower?

it's 1st important to change our choice of words. home phone is that some say they're not interested because it's not their history, but that for the fundamental misunderstanding to view the show of german history or instead of human kinds history, i done thought the question always implies it that it doesn't interest them, but that's not true, the still sap are newer, cima wants to promote understanding. the aim is to boost awareness by asking simple questions as to what does the holocaust have to do with me and why are we talking about in the home didn't get out. we were in his rule as museum director, i knew livi tackles anti semitic stereotypes and jewish self images good by edison's with all these topics. it's always about the past and the present or the question is always what do people want to see? what do they want to have confirmed? how far are they willing to venture onto another?

ah, shallow to be demand has written a book whose title translates as understanding the pain of others. it explores how we deal with historical crimes as showered off. all i look at the ideas we have about victims. how can we establish empathy with victims and their descendant farm yet? and why is that empathy often so unequally distributed ah, feed among visited the site of human rights violations. and not just in europe, she meant victims of atrocities and their descendants on she views the holocaust in the context of what she referred to as a global universal memory. probably the thorny asked question. she asks concerns empathy,

which victims and historical crimes evoke empathy in us. but it helped us in fights for me say about i was just myself that i tend to feel more empathy for victims of national socialism than for colonial victims. had to put us not enough. i don't like that reaction, but that's just the way it is. how they can assure infant about us. it's a result of various influences. if you plague women who tune ninja lot of eda man was born in germany 9 years after national socialism ended. her father was a member of the party. he kept silent about his nazi past. like most people as an if was i'm to disclose. sean, i think at some point it's too late to have the talk. families should have about the topic and but what's new to day i think is that today's racism, anti semitism and fall right. crimes are making young people ask new questions.

like, what are you doing parking lot to help victims, or what are you doing to help bring home treaters to jumpstart? was likely upon more people are asking what can be done, but of course, against the backdrop of what happened here in the past. i will not truly put a fool you desson, kathy, i'm a positive and these are stellar stunt for. yeah. i know. do not go good inebriation trust i enough from often from on november. no, it's known that after dice ish, will that ask avoided for not united with allison and bond mistake. there's been a memorial in the lavette, so shall say in berlin since 1916. but a monument wasn't built until 50 years after the bloody poke, romeus targeting jews. it's a reminder of how the nazis used the synagogue as a site to round up juice for deputation. from here they were loaded into trucks or forced to walk to the freight train station sometimes at night, and sometimes in broad daylight with every one watching the holocaust, vo,

i'm the holocaust was a crime that involved countless people should be often in the places where jews lived for the lord, it was a crime that many profited from the homeless people looted from their neighbors. and most importantly however, his vote was that this wasn't just a mass murder of people said, but a symbolic murder, the systematically planned extermination of the jews of europe. germany's railey historian danina calls it a rupture and civilization, the nazis called it the final solution. thus planning them up early on, but i urge you guys come on top of it. it's best to tell isn't mention of i'm on is like that target about myself. once dish would elop

he thinking in the final solution at all if i should been sentenced to death in israel in 1961. in germany, those responsible for the crimes at auschwitz stood trial for the 1st time in 1963 . the trial took place. thanks to the efforts of attorney, general fitz bower. persevering in the face of a germany that largely wanted to forget the shame of its nazi past and against a web of intrigues within the german post war justice system. to day immemorial in frankfurt commemorates his fight for a membrane is key emission. all did hope he was not only concerned with the holocaust. it wasn't just about him as a jewish emigrant himself. it wasn't just about the crimes against the jews. he was just as concerned with the crimes against cynthia and roma, w t o from he was concerned with the rehabilitation of deserters,

chrissy. but he also wanted to assess the world war for what it was fostered, an illegal war of aggression and injustice creek. um, so he always have the bigger picture and mind germans only grasped the full extent of the holocaust in 1979 when mobbing. chomsky is many theories, holocaust hit tv screens. it's a nice long buried feelings and repressed memories and made it impossible to look away from nazi tara and how it to a family's apart. what is his cry? what is he done? said the it's you did want the scenes were suddenly in every living room in germany and people started rethinking german identity and the holocaust holocaust. the series was designed to trigger exactly bag us to trigger. and the broadcast reacted quickly and that it's sensitive and realized this development needed to be backed up. this award winning documentary to picks the socio political background and

explosive atmosphere in germany following the broadcast of holocaust in 1979. only to buy food out of town loom mom, i neglect iq, noticed irish, 20 kind sina onst. the of of man like of didn't spend it asked me to one must to send us copeland's to suit with folks, acted as if getting us wanted you were filthy nuggets. i am gotten expedia dump, fuson his and don logan, and it had seen kibble gum. sheila, spring, not on suddenly the whole nation was talking about the enormity of the nazis crimes finding new ways to make history immediate until noon from it for the future. saba nor cima read the diary of anne frank as a child with her parents own experience is as refugees from pakistan in mind. today, she advises the government undeveloped concepts for the prevention of racist and

anti semitic violence. of the candidates, as does the core, i dare is that young people should empower themselves if i should frame their own opinions, share their experiences and understand that their story too can be relevant or important to columbus. luxurious to live on, thank whatever is dislike. and frank diary made her a symbolic figure in the history of the holocaust. the learning lab at the anne frank educational center in frankfort invites guests to interact with her story and 192 experiences and perspectives of young people to day. education can have a decisive influence on how history is remembered. the island through this course, what we learned in school is important to developing a culture of remembrance of what we remember and what i'm don't is ultimately derived from our education. this has sparked to more recent discussion about gym and colonialism. the crimes committed in the colonial era all still badly addressed

in history lessons. why is so little attention paid to the victims of genocide such as in form, a german south, west africa? all the crimes of colonialism, overshadowed by holocaust remembrance. it's a sensitive question and the polarizing one. and for me to name that one really important lesson from the showa, it's that you must never so people fates, into hierarchies. germany's culture of remembrance was years in the making decades of research and discourse, half so letty entered it in mainstream society, keeping the memory of the holocaust alive remain. is a challenge not just in germany. mm hm. in israel, remembrance is also being reconsidered now that the last holocaust survivors are dying,

their grandchildren and great grandchildren are moving ways to remember the past. without them televi israel 2022 on an autumn afternoon, 2 generations are coming together. hannah mancha and sharon wenus. they are involved in the initiative to caron bus alone, remembrance in the living room, which brings holocaust survivors together with young israelis in a private setting. they, they are, is that we are doing it together. we're thing together. we're listening, we 1st we listen and then we share and then we talk and the columbus and on the purpose is not to remember for the sake of remembering. we remember for us to repair, to shape our future. when we say never again, we have to minute hannah monica is 99 years old. she survived the treat in start ghetto, forced labor and the ocean its concentration camp. she shares her experiences and

meetings with younger generations held around the world and also online. oh her services indeed lanita understand what happened massive so they can prevent it from ever happening again. dish the daily they need to understand that things that appear to be minor can result in terrible things like that. life people think it can never happen again. but many forget get and seeker and basle on helps them understand how people act back then i say, yeah, the active on assume it now role recall and about him. hell, the future of holocaust remembrance is also a central concern at the out vashem israel, holocaust memorial in jerusalem, which opened in 1953 escaped jets to day. and israel, there are very, very few young people who are able to hear from their grandparent's 1st hand about what happened back then. by, in other words,

soon the eye witnesses will no longer be able to speak to us directly. there are fewer and fewer nicole that has major implications because that means that a very natural connection to the subject, namely through one's grandma grandpa is disappearing. vic fit the hall of names and yet for him, a place of remembrance for the 6000000 jews who were systematically murdered. in the name of nancy ideology, the museum's goal is to use documents, personal possessions and survivors. testimonies to convey to future generations. what happened the international school for holocaust studies is also a part of yard for chem, an educational institution for teaching the history of the sure continents changes in the culture of remembrance are underway here as well. again, this is a nice little ferguson. i've seen the thing we have to understand that is really, society is very, very mixed. they say that it is a very heterogeneous society,

if you will, in israel, about half of the jews in israel are of european ancestry, ash, canarsie jews. others have their roots in iraq, north africa, and yemen. and for them there may be a cultural bond or a national bond through israel, but not necessarily a biographical one. these are you shipping all of a knish, omitting. have you raffish it is the 3rd and 4th generations in particular that are being impacted by these changes. here at the school estella who trains young students studying to be teachers. 6 years ago, esther decided to make a lawyer and emigrate from germany to israel. as it's from an and family and so on the one hand we are getting further and further away from the events of the holocaust illness as well. and of course, and israel, we already geographically distant from the places where the holocaust took place and had the places where the family histories existed before the persecution of the holocaust stack of one ham. some. on the other hand,

the family connections are just not as strong as they were for the 2nd generation. angus weatherford, it's fight again. that's who on the future of commemoration is also a concern at zacharon bas alone, 10 years ago when it was 1st initiated by a younger generation, it was still small. but to day it has almost gruen into an institution itself. and being given a place among official commemorations now to johannesburg, south africa, where studying european history is helping young people come to terms with their own country's experience of violence and oppression. the south african metropolis of johannesburg. at the heart of the sprawling cityscape is the holocaust and genocide center. its founder and executive director is talley knights, who was born in israel in 1961. the historian has lived in south africa for nearly 4 decades. she's dedicated her life to this project. it was never

a museum come while don't engage any more. we wanted people to come again in again, visit temporary exhibitions, visit our resource thing to come to events come to phil's, come to dialogues, engage that was very important to me personally into all of us tale nights and her team spent a decade planning, collecting donations, and networking the center opened in 2019 and became part of johannesburg. cultural life architect lewis levine, drew up his design. consultation with survivors of the show her and the genocide. in rwanda, it's architecture that makes the history more tangible. the railway lines are embedded in rock and stone. they are not parallel, they are going to the sky and the railway lines symbolized journeys, journeys of the holocaust beyond julie's of genocide,

journeys of oppression and suffering. journeys of modernity that brings progress, but all sole pain. since the 19th century, south africa has been home to the largest jewish community in all of africa. but this place of remembrance is not just for them. it's also for the poster parties, nation as a home and young people, especially. so why do you choose them to tell are the histories because in the country that suffered from a very painful past, and he still struggling with that past off colonialism off racism of apartheid. it's very difficult for us to actually speak about ourselves. everything in our minds is translated through our own history. it is easier in a way to have another entry point. roughly 30 years after the end of apartheid, the chasm between rich and poor is still very evident. reconciling the divide as

a mammoth task for south africa's democracy with children, the racial and the honoring policies that were created by the nazis have resemblance true about as big laws in south africa. and i'll be very honest with you or south africa still struggling with racism and inequality infects i'll africa is now most unequal country in the world. so a lot of that is between the different races. so there's a reality, we can't deny that. and so when kids come through this center, it's an opportunity to speak about that. and to address that, since the wave of violence against african migrants in 2000 a night, conflicts continue to flare up xenophobia and racism. a themes that the center aims to tackle together with students. and teachers like mumsy melinda from red hill high school. my parents did tell me about

a party in what they went through and is so see some of those things. you know, when i teach my kids about my students about a potted, i make them look around the immediate environment and say to them, what do you see? that is the legacy of a potted, in other wits way? is the evidence of those things. so it's very, very important that they make those connections and also to see that history is not just in the history books. it is very much part of us history. that's not just in books, like these pieces of clothing, for example. they belong to people from the tootsie minority in rwanda, brutally murdered. in 1994, the violence was stoked by racist propaganda on the radio. a genocide in the heart of africa. since then it's been crystal clear to tarley knights. it's essential to fight against hatred, indifference, and silence. rwanda was always v. it had to be be

this outburst of violence. deadly deadly violence is really important to speak about how quickly things can happen, how quickly, almost a 1000000 people can be killed. you do not need to build an outfit. you can just heal with your hands with machetes with grenades with knives. and i think for us in south africa who wonder, more than other cases of jails. i used the most important case to the center works with volunteers like irina class. born in 1931. she experienced nazi brutality as a child in poland. here and now she tells her story. ah, from 9 years onwards i lived was my mother, my uncle and my grand mother. one small room in the warsaw ghetto.

sinks were not easy at all because i had to almost grow up over night for many years. i couldn't talk about my experiences by my story. couldn't die was me. i felt i had to bring back said pass, tally nights. his family history is also part of the museum. what? because 2 of her relatives names were on oscars. schindler's list. her father moses . here on the left and her uncle hendrick survived the holocaust being on that list save their lives. i am the memorial candle, so i am carrying the memory off the family. and i am very, very proud that this a center in a way is a legacy, is a legacy project to the family members that were murdered. those that survived

a passion for, for history. but the passion for learning from history, understanding history and learning from it for this tally nights is a recipient of the 2020 to go to metal. that was our, it's 21 with some new perspectives on remembrance, cold turkey. good bye for now. and see you next time ah ah, ah, [000:00:00;00]

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