oh, ready knows. welcome to take told me about hackers and paralyzed me to your societies. computers that out what you and governments that go crazy for your data. we explain how these technologies work, how they can go what was in for. and that's how they can also go terribly. watch it. now, on youtube, i sounds from a bygone era discover how ancient musical instruments are being brought back to life. magazines can tell scientists a loss about, could've, is sometimes they can even help solve murder cases. and experienced the micro cosmos. up close and personal. a new microscope help scientists better

observe living cells all that and more on this episode of tomorrow to day d w science program. welcome in this is antonio sunday of and have a both microscopes like the one here. he carefully inspected a multitude of materials like water from a lake, his home town of delft in evidence. it revealed the world that had been hidden from him before to day. modern microscopes allow humans to gaze even deeper into the microcosmic he. ready if you want to understand life on earth. ready you have to watch closely, you'll also have to register and understand the smallest of structures. ready it's

nothing new individuals who are thirsty for knowledge have been doing it for a long time. ready and the tools to do that, like microscopes have been improving overtime as well. there's just one problem. watching living cells is an easy, that's why the physicists thomas called pena valesh etzky. and you exhibit morgan have invented a new kind of microscope. they are now able to observe biochemical processes within the cells. something that's never been done before. ready ready and this is what the microscope looks like. it's name lattice light sheet 7. we're looking at fascinating recordings of living human cells. here we're observing my ptosis. ready the process of cells dividing. we can now witness one of the most essential processes of life in a new way without disturbing not disturbing the process. what's that supposed to mean? cells are very sensitive and also very cautious. they only divide when the

conditions are right for the dividing process to work without a hitch. if a mistake takes place while the cell is dividing, it can lead to mutations. ready or even cancer. ready but as observation affect the process, if we want to observe something, we need light. for example, of course you can see in the dark but light is energy. ready and too much of that energy can make a sick or interest. r last case of sunburn reminds us of that. if we want to observe cell division and thus add a huge amount of light to the process, the cells simply won't divide. turned the lights off and it works turn lights back on and it's over. ready off on, ah, we can't see the thing, we want to see. our observation disturbs the processes of life. the only thing that

helps is less light, but then the pictures on any good. that's why the light sheet is so effective. it doesn't illuminate the entire area. only the layer in focus of the lens. it makes a composite of small strips which are lay next to each other, creating a 3 dimensional picture. we can finally observe life in the process of living. it sounds good, but don't get your hopes up just yet. there are still some challenges ahead. cells live in a watery environment. you'll need to be able to see in water ever tried looking for a last ring in the water from the edge of the swimming pool. it's hard to recognize anything through the water surface. a divers mask would help. that's why the microscope looks through the glass bottom of the sample container. then the light sheet itself has to be used for the lens is looking from a crooked angle. ready but that makes the quality of the picture so bad that you

can't see anything. it's impossible unless you have extremely complex lenses that correct everything. they're actually not even lenses, but rather so called freeform optical elements that smooth everything out and create a focused image. that's how this new and completely unique microscope lens makes use like this possible. uhh. ready they could pave the way to new basic research in the field of medicine. the developer say you can observe the processes in living cells for minutes or even for hours. ah, watching living things is always fascinating an embryo grace. new life is born. it continues growing until it dies and new life feeds on the one that passed away. the living things found on dead animals provide imposing clues and murder

cases. a scientist in switzerland who observes maggots on pig cadavers, doves deep into this phenomenon. these maggots come from a pin to diver forensic entomologist year, she heard a check from the university of lazar in switzerland is using the insects for an experiment. he aims to demonstrate how observing the developmental stages of maggots could help solve murder cases. always clean minutes for hours of 3rd, her death, or the 1st 1st or all or dinner. it's wade so precise for us to basically work with them. because by calculating by using insects for estimation of post mortem in carroll, we basically calculate when the 1st fly laid x on embody. and that's pretty much, almost the same time as when the person died the data harder jack is collecting

could help. so future cases, he examines the maggots from the pink cadaver very carefully. it's a difficult process, even for experts. this particular maggot has a pair of noticeable characteristics. these 2 black quarts are the mold hoax. so when the mouth hooks are black, it's a clear case or is it's kelly for obama toria or the blue bottle flying or toast, which is black. busy inspecting all the maggots can be time consuming and complicated without referencing scientific texts, it's impossible. for real cases, however, the maggots are collected alive, not dead. so when we have a real case scenario, we collect to the larva life, and we need to know exactly how much time they needed to finish their own life

cycle in order to be able to calculate the time they spent on the body of. so that will basically then tell us the estimation. postmodern carol yoshi hot our chat tank was on a trip to the low san history museum. researchers started using insects to help in murder investigations here 30 years ago. the 6 legged witnesses from 160 murder cases are stored here. it's a unique collection. one of the most sensational cases archived here is the chaplain case from the year 2000. the case involved a gardener who found 2 decomposed corpses in a park. one man was hanged next to him was a 2nd victim who appeared to have been strangled. the strangled victim was

a woman. ideas were found near the bodies. it was a young married couple from moldova. the critical question was: when did they die? these are the insects that were found at the crime scene back then. and there were lots of them, not only flies, but also various beatles and beadle larvae. 20 years later, a look at the larvae reveal to how to check what investigators desperately wanted to know back then. this lowery's interesting because it's larva of species sculpt, lacroix, disney parralis. and the species comes to death, seeing around 2 weeks of 3rd, of course. and then it lies x and we can calculate how much time it took for the landrick, growed his life and weakened an estimate to post mortem interval to be around $4.00

to $5.00 weeks. maybe the time frame turned out to be exactly right. the insects help so the chaplain case. according to the police, there was no 3rd party involved in the murder oh, back to the university and lose on to experiment with pigs. in addition to maggots, yet she hot a check also breeds flies. he wants to inspect them carefully because their differences are critical for different species appeared here on a single day, which one visits a cadaver. and when is often the key to solving particular cases, countless living things, playing a role in the decomposition process. it starts with microbes in the intestines.

when an animal dies, these microbes live on and they begin to digest the dead. animal. flies are also there from the beginning of the process. they lay their eggs in openings in the body for flies, maggots. a dead body is a veritable paradise. at the same time, the microbes in the intestines create a lot of gas, and the pink's body begins to swell. after a few days, the skin begins to tear making the cadaver more accessible for the maggots. other insects are also interested in the dead animal, including carry on beetles. they also lay eggs in the body and their offspring feed on the beetles maggots, as well as the carrion animals that eat carry on like foxes, mice and other rodents are also drawn to the cadaver. over the next few months,

they wiped the bones clean. they're also interested in the bones themselves. for foxes, the bone marrow is especially tasty mice and squirrels also enjoy chewing on the dry bones. they obtain nutrients like calcium and phosphorus from the bones and cut their teeth on them. as rodents, teeth never stopped growing. this beetle is aptly known as a grave digger. it and other carrion beetles spend their days keeping nature clean . but not all animals are active during the day. at night time baths take flight and foxes come out of hiding to search for food. but what do animals do when they're not looking for food? do they rest? this question, let kenslow colacho to la to lonnie from mexico to pose the following question. blue can spiders sleep?

their hearts are in their abdomen. and blue blood flows through their bodies. spiders are creative hunters and ingenious builders. the threads with which they build their webs are up to $25.00 times as resilient as a steel thread of the same thickness. in tons per year, spiders eat more than whales, meaning they regulate the insect world like almost no other species. and they lived their lives mostly unseen in the shadows. ah, when we are tired or eyelids become heavier and heavier until we drop slowly off to sleep. oh you spiders have no i left to. ready chloe. ready ready when they lie down to rest, they hang themselves upside down on one of their silken threads. they're the hang

motionless, a sign that they're likely sleeping. they're fully retracted. legs show that their muscles are completely relaxed. if spiders wish to move, they have to pump fluid into their legs in order to stretch them again. that only happens when they're fully alert. jumping spiders can create a free dimensional picture of their environment for themselves. as the name suggests, they catch their pray, not in webs, but by jumping on it. that means they have to correctly guess the distance to their victims and anticipate their victims movements to ensure success. lou behind their main eyes, spiders have secondary eyes with movable retina tubes using these they target their

victims and focus on not only can jumping spiders move their eyes. recent research suggests they can perhaps also dream. in humans, dreams typically occur during a sleep phase known as r e. m. rapid eye movement. when this happens, our brains are particularly active. research has shown other mammals. oh, so dream mood jumping spiders, contract their legs and move their eyes while resting. evidence of r. e m, sleep more research is needed to see whether spiders do in fact sleep and dream. ah, ha, ha, ha ha, why i do you have a science question? it, so send us a video text or voice message. if we answer it, an episode wasn't

a small gift to say thank you. so come on to starz we'll have to use the toilet usually more than once a day. what lands and german toilet bowls has often flashed away, the fleet is a drinking water on average. more than a 3rd of drinking water per capita is used up by toilets. in addition to the water being wasted, vital nutrients found in human excrement are also wasted in the process. but believe it or not, there are efforts underway to do something useful with what lands in the toilet. time for the morning trip to the toilet up is music festival in northern germany. these toilets are collecting a valuable resource fecal matter. here it's not considered waste rather a raw material. during the summer sanitation start up for need seo has been sending

the toilets from festival to festival. the washed, obviously raw materials, we're talking about our urine. and of course the feces that's collected here in all just enormous amounts of nutrients. it's good stuff that comes out of us, combining my phone, you know, wasn't, but we just did flush it away and don't want to have anything to do with it. but it's something we really have to start dealing with again. i'm still dancing. neil . that's exactly the goal of the states. once it research projects, cecilia bar, which benito is also a part of a vi, closer coordinates the project together, human waste from public toilets and turn it into a usable resource. is that of flushing the waste with water? it's covered with pulverized straw. i can do a demonstration as if someone were peeing and it inside the toilet. the urine runs into a separate container. that means the feces stays dry,

keeping them separate makes them easier to purify. one extra event of the project is to collection and waste and to bring the nutrients in it on to the fields as fertilizer. there's huge recycling potential in human waste aspect. this is when nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and many others that people excrete every day being recycled, turning the plants that feed us back into fertilizer phone by mit national. why did we want to recycle nutrients? asper, if we look at mineral, such as phosphorus or potassium, we typically get them from mines. and when it comes to phosphorus, resources are extremely scarce. nitrogen is another neutral that will really need to be recycling because it's an essential nutrients that every plant needs to grow . and that would normally be extracted in an energy intensive way. during composting bacteria create heat. so we're currently at $67.00 degrees is up, her goal is to reach $75.00 degrees because that's when you have the greatest an

activation rate for pathogens thought of her conquer, totaling up killing of the pathogens is key. that's just one of the things monitored by claudia kirsty of lab team at the bio mass research center in light say, share metallic or heavy metal should definitely not be present. we also check there is no mercury or lead or traces of medication or resistant jermel that when all goes well, they're usually killed off during the purification process and the temperatures in the compost. if i opportunity to regulations in germany currently forbid the use of human waste in agricultural fertilizers, that's due to hygiene concerns. following her initial analysis, claudia kirsten is optimistic sick leave our plans to focus next on using urine as a resource. which right now, still has to be disposed of in the sewage system. then

i'm back to perfect. the command would actually be the perfect combination. if we were able to bring all the nutrients we excrete together again in the form of agricultural fertilizer that's used to produce more food. adding this now has a good smell of soil. that means for composting has gone well. the material has turned back into soil ada. the team is working on improving an automating urine composting in order to start processing larger amounts. ionic houses and florian augustine, never lose sight of the big picture to make their products so good and so clean that they'll be put to use on feel on the festivals of providing more than enough raw material. o toilets can also contain hidden treasures. ancient commodes are

often veritable treasure troves will archeologists these gold coins from the 14th century are from a toilet in cologne? the former owner would have missed a daily wooden musical instruments that would normally have disintegrated over time were found intact inside of all toilets as well their artifacts from the bygone era . ringback these instruments are replicas based on artistic representations dating to the middle ages. the music played on them gives us a sense of how a harp loot or hurdy gurdy might have sounded 800 years ago. archaeologists like benjamin she beast rarely have authentic fragments to work with. boys i had a missed would, doesn't usually last forever. at vickers, you conditions have to be optimal. organic materials to be preserved am comes have yet, but you need a closed but damp environment like a well will a train shaft exploration that this is one of the very where examples of value

monitor gun swain you can, beleaguered us through this fragment of cherrywood was found in the 1950s in an ancient latrine and roots far germany. at 1st, it was thought to be part of her recorder. but later, when she's at a calling examined the fragment more closely, they had their doubts. the instrument boe out of the for moods on the instrument maker thought the slightly conical shape of the fragment suggested it could be part of a bladder pipe when i'm glad to speak as well. now. yeah, that was a very simple type of bagpipe, which was the kind of instrument played in a medieval pie out this to be said, gets house instrument, this middle august wall to solve the mystery. they had to find out more about the structure and inner workings of the instrument, something hard to accomplish without destroying the delicate fragment. at the fallen hoffa institute for integrated circuits, researchers can examine valuable artifacts using

a 3 d c t scanner. benyamin speech prepares the fragment for the skin 1st, it's carefully placed on a pedestal, which is then placed on a rotary plate. in the c t scanner. the researchers can watch the scan on the monitors. buffalo and see what you see here. our ordinary x ray images, look on your doctor, might do the balcony. the object rotates continuously a tiny bit at a time between each image dobbs in the animals, all those x ray images are compiled into a 3 d model. there, this objects as arming is, as it takes almost half an hour to scan the rotating fragment. in the end, there are 1200 images saved in a multi terabyte database. the one fragment isn't the 1st musical instrument they've scanned here. they've also examined an 18th century piano and

a cello made by antonio straw to vari, to check that the restored inner lining was a perfect fit. every object comes with its own challenges. what do albrecht is us with his object? we wanted to understand what the corpus looked like and does because that's what determines the sound of a wood when instrumental meant to do that. let us we had to take the object and straighten it digitally to is, did you tie get? i was quite deformed as you can see for fall to suit me off. all the data is used to generate a 3 d image, which also provides more information about the instruments interior thomas. ella is a mathematician by profession, but he's also a keen amateur musician who knows something about woodwind instruments isn't z o v inside diameter is somewhere around $8.00 to $10.00 millimeters, pretty large missiles, which also suggests it's not a flute. us one living room for you to sort of the cone like shape is another clear indication that the fragment was once part of a bank pipe. they use

a 3 d printer to make several plastic replicas of various sizes. those plastic fragments will also be studied and used by an instrument maker who builds a replica made of wood. when the wooden bladder pipe is ready, toma puts it to the test. oh . the mystery of the 13th century fragment is soft. archeologist could also use c t scanners like this and other ways them, it's on talked remotely copy of it. it helps us to create a digital double of an object and make it available around the world fuels. that's really huge. dickerson guns guns call. the instrument can leave the museum house, they leave the museum archive, and in a sense, go out into the world. in dim siena, al robots, who can, from the digital double will allow scientists to study artifacts and objects

anytime anywhere. and the data could be used as the basis for a virtual collection of historical artifacts. a, that's all for this episode of tomorrow. today, d w science program. thanks for tuning in. we have to see you again next week until then stay curious, but by with

a walk up, it's about to take off in cut you know, africa boost of having some of the best b as in the what i am

optimistic that that's in the, in the time with you. why? oh not just another day. so much is happening all at once. we take time to understand this is the day and in depth look at current news, events was analyzed by experts and critical thinkers. not just another new show. this is the weekdays on d, w sometimes a seed is all you need to allow big ideas to grow. we're bringing environmental

conservation to life with learning facts like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world . and how we can all make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for free. again, they get all the harvesters or immigrants. dolock is take everything you enjoy, eating at home with your family, was harvested by people who are being exploited. and then i guess for free and we're going to need to, uh huh. we keep doing what we're doing. and that's why a green revolution is absolutely necessary. unit revealed, the future is being determined. now, our documentary theory will show you how people do companies and countries are

rethinking everything and making may take change in europe revealed this week on d. w with ah, ah ah, this is dw news live from the us police investigate a suspected hate crime for a gunman killed 5 people at a gay nightclub in colorado, a suspect is in police, custody. all to club goes, intervened and overpowered him. also on the program off to chris.