christine and 90. despite that accounts for 9 percent of all births worldwide, many have to drop out of school or give up their jobs close. at this age, the rate increased health risks for mother and child but the birth rate among teenagers has been on the decline. in 196086 out of a 1000 adolescence world wide gave birth. in 2021. it was just half that number. most of these ali pregnancies happen in poor areas like sub saharan africa, where on average, one in 10 teenage girls becomes a mother. the corona virus pandemic has exacerbated the problem with ali and unwanted pregnancies as shown in our next report from south africa. hello. before she can go to school, layla has to take care of her baby. she's just 17. she wants to look after him herself, but doesn't want to sacrifice her education. and it hurts when she heads up in the

morning. said mcfadden a no little comfy isn't too many. layla shares this room with her full siblings and her grandmother during south africa's months long locked down, they couldn't go out. it was shortly after the restrictions were lifted. that layla got pregnant. just 16 at the time. and olga colorado. literally. when i found out that layla was pregnant, women are lead of it and man and was i was very worried pick up was good gallagher, leila. job i kept asking her who the father was where the baby's father. i relieved but she just looked at me with a shocked expression. he b. now go go. so told him, donnelly, that once the baby was born, i asked again to go. you see? what was done on my you a baby needs both parents, we are numbers are legal,

we are not womans in i. is the father, a friend, a neighbor or was layla raped? she refused to say reluctant to burden her grandmother even further. they could be able by the mac, was none, like, yeah, well it was difficult. abilene and i was scared to leave him with my grandmother because she is getting older. luckily, it's better now. he's growing and getting used to other people. layla isn't the only young woman at his school to have a baby in south africa. one of the less publicized consequences of the pandemic was a 60 percent jump and teenage pregnancies during the course reduce. obviously, they were tracked in their homes. this protective school wasn't unavailable, many homes last year. they a bridge, we mass or to the disease or offer corded am mania, homes lost employment because many companies had to close down. as director of the african childrens feeding scheme, that's m a ga gay,

knew that she had to respond with the organization, cook's meals for children from deprived families. this is a new group of 15 goals, aged between 12 and 18. all of them. young mothers, many of them got pregnant when an older man offered them. food, then demanded something in return right here they get practical advice as well as training in boosting their self confidence and learning how to make the right decisions. i have that you gave me please, can i ask them to was or to repeat the question. i was so angry with what me self like sometimes i feel like killing myself was the only solution for but then since i have ever since i came here, i no longer feel does seem like i said, i feel a sudden still a good like people and now i trusted myself to research shows as that teenage girls will become pregnant, are much less likely to become gainfully employed in their future. and so when you

think about it, that are, you know, cycle is, is, is easy to repeat itself because the girl doesn't finish school. they don't become, you know, well, established as an adult in, you know, in society, their children. i like you to repeat what they've gone through, because they are also now born into this structural poverty. the pandemic hit the poorest sections of society hardest lay like it's baby food from a wealthy organization. she and her siblings are being raised by their grandmother, who does everything in her power to ensure they go to school. getting an education is the only chance they have of escaping poverty level in july and cell phone. i'm working so hard so that my baby and i have

a future that was over. my child's future is in my hands as means now there's so much i can learn. indeed, i don't know how long my education will last, but i'll keep studying until they call me dr. layla, my lawyer quoted by then i'll have learned so much in losing figure laudermill informed. their laina is a determined young woman. in her 1st priority is to finish school v as in lana, big yeah. but she wants to defy the statistics. they show that very few girls who become teen mothers, go on to complete their high school education. ready we menstruation can be expensive. ready period poverty describes a lack of access to suitable hygiene products, which is a common global issue that women face. scotland was the 1st country in the world to provide tampons and pads to the public free of charge. ready ready products in

canada, kenya and india, and several other countries are sold tax free. but along with the debate on costs is also the issue of sustainability. mm hm. back, come back out of great. you'll know if tampon, menstrual products are such a big secret. men don't skip this periods, concern all of us and the environment and because we hardly ever talk about it, this is what happened. billions of pads and tampons, and up in the environment. teach you some of which i made almost entirely of plastic. big companies continue to profit off our silence. the good news is we have solutions that are more equal friends, antique, but hardly anybody is using them. chances are you haven't even heard of fund. so

why is the solution to such a big problem? still, so unknown menstrual products are more than just girly things. we don't talk about placing them in the center afternoon available lot, i'm all the modern world. let's start with the menstrual cup. it seems brand new, but it's actually been around for wait for it over a 100 years. if you were to know that that's not on you, we are, you know, surprisingly little about how women go give them monthly visitor to history. what we do know is that no society has ever really viewed menstruation very positively hacky. of course, i can't go swimming. you know, i've got the courage. most women though use what was locally available to them like old clock or even dried plants and leave. and sometimes even mud, i can't imagine how uncomfortable there must have been not to mention impractical. around the time the light bug was invented, the 1st ideas for the modern cup were born around 200 people. 5 patents were

similar blood capturing devices from belts, sacks to suspenders and aprons and girdles. as women entered the workforce and mass production began, the more practical inventions bags, cups, and tanf ones and to the market. and they were a hit for the 1st time women were able to walk and swim alongside men at any time of the month. yeah, i mean it, it, it is liberating in a very sort of physical way shove, australia has written 2 books on menstruation through the ages. she says though, that even with such inventions, i was only the rich western people who had access and period poverty. it's still a huge problem worldwide. the bad became the elite stop choice at the dime seen as the thief option by those too squeamish to imagine

their wives and daughters inserting things into their bodies. some feared that they would even lose their virginity. this haven't changed much bads are still used more than any other product. they have the greatest environmental impact as well. but more on that later the old damp ones and cups were being quickly out completed by the mid 20th century. and especially during world war 2. never quite got off the ground and partly that was due to a rubber shortage and rashes put on rubber. so the idea of using rubber for menstrual cups, but it just wasn't an economic imperative. during world war 2, rubber was supposed to go toward tires and things that soldiers needed. not women's bodies. the cup had a bigger disadvantage. the way it works is that when you have your peter, you inserted and then remove it in 6 to 12 hours. the empty and clean to sanitize correctly, one copy can be used for up to 10 years. that sustainable,

but it means that far fewer cops are sold. the 1st company to sell mass produced cub soon went out of business. wow. it wasn't that women didn't want the product and when they closed thirty's letters back to them saying, i can i get, you know, 10 cops i need my cup. so while a cup got elbowed out, pads got better with adhesive wings and plastic absorbency instead of cotton and with a generational shift and the sexual revolution. tampons gain acceptance in the west to my the 1970 is about 70 percent of us. women use them correspondingly. damp on them, pads began filling up bins and landfills. so in the early 2 thousands the cop re launched with a new environmental agenda. silicone replaced rubber. it's our most readable, tough, ever get. but,

but fad and tampon makers had that clause in too deep. lots in lieu it better, so you're good. and the image of period had been slow sanitized, but it was hard to imagine touching painting and re using something that has come into contact with the seemingly shameful menstrual blood bodies have a lot of like things that we excrete, right? whether it's your wac, sir, you know, boeing or knows whatever, but we don't judge at the same way. you're just not going to lose like social standing because of your iraq's, you know. but if you are leaking places are not managing your period, the way whatever social mores are for it, then there are, there is retribution about that ah tanks of the shame and advertising county is tons of sanitary products on out thrown away each you leaking chemicals and micro plastics into the air land and see this. she may be most barren denisia

as patriarchal cultures. but menstruating women austin, seen as impure it misapplied manufacturers, who in mid 19 eighties realized that l. m. i c. 's, which is the low and middle income countries, had the biggest market, 89 percent of the was menstruating, live and low in low and middle income countries to gender, scholars supply, that icky. but the says that about 80 percent of people who menstruate in india have no access to sign of 2 products. for the market is very attractive. the government is working to improve access as well and promotes unsustainable power, which now nearly overwhelmed the market. i think the intention was good, right? the intention was truly to support the men from low income households. managed

their mens through hygiene, so had decided to do the easy thing and to free right on an existing knowledge on existing competence and on free riding on the advertising, marketing, missionary of bad manufacturers. distributing single used pads is like giving some on plastic or paper plates for regular meals instead of a dinner plate using public money. transporting them around the country, using resources being for labor and filling up dumps with plastic and toxins within these products. the singular narrative around sanitary pads can be broken, the important point is give them then the choice, let them decide what is right for them. so let's take a look at our options then that the for based on budget accessibility and their effect on the environment. first up, the famous sanitary bud,

it's the most easily accessible around the world and the most difficult to get rid of the bad can be up to 90 percent lasting from the permeable surface to looked called super robin polymers that swell with blood, that easy to use and threw away, but with inadequate waste disposal systems around the world bads, most likely end up in the great outdoors. over an average of 40 years of menstruation, people spend up to $5000.00 on pads. and next up is the tampon. those width applicators have an extra layer of largely single use plastic, but as long just the applicator, the tam one itself is made of several layers of plastic. from the layer that holds it all together to the absorb and core.

and often the string is made of plastic as well. they do contain less plastic than pads. overall. tampons can also be organic, which means they're only made of copper which is better. much recycling them on disposing of them is very difficult. people can spend around $2000.00 on tampons over a lifetime. period pants have recently become more popular in the west. they have 2 layers and external resistant, one of plastic or natural fiber to prevent leaks. and a super absorb and fabric one close to the skin. they can be one for up to 2 years, but as with any other usable washing them takes time and effort. the reusable making a strong comeback is the cup. it can take a lot of getting used to an access to running water is absolutely essential for

convenience and hygiene. but interest is growing. reusable can cost more up front, which is a big problem for people without disposable income. but add up to a fraction over a lifetime. environmentally speaking, one cup can replace around. 20 single used pads or damp bones both cycle. that's about $250.00 a year. and over a lifetime just full cops can replace up to $10000.00 single youth products. just even the stigmatizing restoration and making it normal. just having it be a regular part of conversation is a different way of being. and i think that can be radical in its own way, relying on companies for inflammation to lead to the b enforcement on the sigma and shame around periods and pollution. so what we need now in less him and more awareness and access the choices that are better in the pocket and the environment . mm. tara,

under tax. the relationship between israel and the palestinian territories is still extremely tense. peace negotiations are at a stalemate. still there were projects like the one and on next report from the west bank, the aim to bring a little joy to people's lives. morning and ramana. this van is so new. the seats are still covered in plastic. it's a mobile recording studio. and i will use it to visit and record palestinian musicians hip hop folklore pop out here. today we're going to jericho. she was, we want to record to rochester who wouldn't otherwise have the chance to do so in the desert. i and i can already see the join the i as a little from ramallah to jericho, right across the west bank. it's not a normal road trip because of his railey military checkpoints, and numerous barriers. simply driving around is not that easy for palestinians,

says allah, they often have to factor in long d to his labs. all of these here are all bowls between neighbors, neighbors who could no longer see or meet each other without permission to thought i have a false fuss. i've been to day, it's 40 calamities into the desert, to jericho. there to 17 year olds awaiting who are new to the music business qusai under bada they are impressed with a bustle up until now they've only recorded songs with their mobile phones and my music's about everything that happens here. we criticize a lot of things that happen in everyday life. haney and the 1st take with lyrics on his phone. i'll come to you since because i over and over until our law is satisfied and the year after just a few clicks, it sounds like this. right side,

hip hop cosign and abroad are excited about us. we'll move sure. of course they get a copy of the new truck they can release it online. go products we've got we also publish a non we all time everything in madison for the next recording is at a bedouin camp in the desert. we are only allowed to accompany this veteran man on the bus after much persuasion. he doesn't want to be recognized. it is his 1st time in front of the microphone and he's afraid others might laugh. a law reassures him that everyone will be impressed when they hear it. again the bus stop. so fin, ramona, it's goal to day, a quiet place outside the city, dinner and about one to record. they pump freestyle music bag, the to palestinian women already have experience performing in front of an audience . i love the city of i've been in it before and it's just

a very nice culture those days that it can go anywhere. just going places is one of the big issues for young palestinians. i left the though i am now on a been sir, and these are so the media, so just parts of the occupation and i feel like there's more to that. there's more to that struggle, as well as living in a, let's say, a male dominated society, especially as women about and i, these the beast to, to do whatever you want without anybody stub you. and did you, you can do anything on that. i am that commissions that fuel was, i say, to step to the e. u and the good to institute provided grants for the project. it is organized

directly from an office in ramona says, katerina hi, the security situation in the west bank often makes it difficult. we're going out of her it's we want to work with the artisan because we know that moving around in the palestinian territories is very arduous, egan. i, i don't know. i'm who's in the loop, they sing, then it's back to ramallah, passed military checkpoints. still the recording bus will go out again tomorrow. ah, i am a global t a global team this week comes from armenia.

ah, ah, i am on the sofa. i'm so be hydro triana and and my name is susie hutcher trans. ah yes, i live in armenia. ah, yes, and then i have a twin sister susie and a brother who's 4 years younger than me. like yeah, life loading vanished her stifle. ah a my, my mother is a history teacher at a school. my father works at he post. i postal. ah,

yes. at them. sandra. none. carnival. i really love going to school shad german. yeah. oh cut that. yeah. my teachers are so carrying they take such good care of us and because they're really nice for 7 years now. with them, besides my classes, i like spending time with my friends at school who are also very nice of them that, that ah, he my as well we so i hope we get the education we dream of. and that one day will be some of the best programming professionals level. now we want to be able to grow as programmers and to help people in armenia and the world to give us men has money . we want to help make people's lives better. 0 one m poke. her mother can love a definite again. good, that's melinda. ah,

im, i'm an old almond. i'm one of my greatest fears is that i won't be able to achieve my goals. but doesn't, i mean yeah, i'm afraid that i'll get close but have to stop a few steps before reaching them before getting to my destination. so yeah, i to has number and how many to tell you i yes, her business gothic. yes, life is better now than it was for our ancestors, and i believe life will keep getting better with every new generation because it evolves. head though come young because gonzalez', grandma, i know of 11 and a lot give me it will be better for our children and grandchildren will help make life better in the future. i will make opening corpus again cuba. i love the of a gay him with

that. so from us at global 3000, got in touch at global 3000 at d, w dot com and visit us on facebook to d w. global ideas. see next week. take kath ah, [000:00:00;00] with ah, ah, this is where they grow completely natural filters from pollution.

researches are conducting experiments on a former uranium site where micro organisms, clean contaminated soil and initial results can fog. a fun guy, a doing an amazing job to morrow to day. next on t w o . oh, okay, and again, all the harvesters are immigrants. like if they come in everything you enjoy eating at home with your family, was harvested by people who are being exploited. then i d 's for free, and we're going to need to, uh huh. we can keep doing what we're doing. we need to become as sustainable as possible,

maybe. and that's why you're green revolutionaries. it's absolutely necessary. europe review the future thing, determine now our documentary series will show you how people, companies and countries are we thinking everything and making later changes were made on for you. but if a massive cyber attack or something like that happens and we can reboot our country from the outside of a, it's our future after all. and if we don't do something, our children won't be able to enjoy fresh air with the water. the only euro revealed this week on d, w a which now the soil to grow plants to eat, which all bought it from wells to quinn,