ah, sometimes the seed is all you need to allow the big ideas to grow. we're bringing environmental conservation to wife with learning pass by global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can all make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for, for we plow the soil to grow plants to eat. we draw water from wells to quench our thirst and we extract natural resources to produce goods. but we can only continue to do so if we make these processes more sustainable. for example, by recycling more all using alternatives like him rather than leather on feeding

farm fish with insects instead of fish meal. ah, welcome to dw science show to morrow to day. funky, have an ancient origins. in recent years, dalton experts identified funky fossils between 7 to 800000000 years old. and there were so many different funky species. we couldn't manage without them. we used them to make everything from medications to yeast, bread and construction materials. and that's not all they could for ah, by few grey mach hurtful meters than white ones every 10 centimeters. how tall is the tree for 90 on for black human annoyances?

okay, make a note in the mail. in february 2016 microbiologist, a like a quarter planted around 200 alder beach and willow trees in this former uranium mining area. the soil here is contaminated with heavy metals. 6 in a few years time, the trees could be felt for firewood, if they grow well, although that can't be taken for granted with this soil is kind of, if you can't really call it foil, give healthy soil looks very different. after uranium mining was discontinued, fresh soil was brought in as part of the clean up process. but growing fruit and vent here, it's still on the question. then there with their port goose, what's the soil has a lot of rubles ice which shows that the plants like this area. and once they reach down here, there's sandy material deposited in the last ice age versus infancy in that if i site up golardo 11. and here you find practically no roots at all. this section has

a low ph value, so plants don't like it. that's highest floods merton using, but i missed a low ph value, indicates acidic soil in this environment, toxic heavy metals that are usually bound in the soil, dissolve and see and to the ground water where they're absorbed by plants. this being fiduciary virulence. we therefore try to mix in soil containing a bit of lime. this serves as a ph buffer. so the plants have a bitter, even if not ideal habitat off to my limbs, home of ambition, bisset and leans compton. in other words, the soil is neutralized, but that's not all the scientists from germany is yenna university. have to do in order to bind the heavy metals in the soil, they convert them back into solid form using fungi. dad, he peered sir in nature as some i'll take. association sees fungi bring on water and minerals to trees, effectively functioning as a filter. i've had heard anything not passed on by the fun guy will not be absorbed

by the trees else going on. so in this case, we have a low it transfer of heavy metals than without fungi time and in bomb its own appear in order to boost microbial activity in the soil. the researchers introduce special micro organisms every year in via fin. in that forest you find specific fun guy under specific trees will with some it's obvious like the launch of the letter o budge. polio poll. i'm in boca fag, is asia. so we have to look for assurance that can communicate to this. treat these, embalmed eden, couldn't their experiments have work best with the alder trees, with mater results from the birch and poor results from the willows. but that might change over the next few years, which is why the team is continuing with its research. they believe that inoculating the soil with fungi and bacteria will bear fruit, vermont, and aka gene grow, so grow back if you don't plow afield,

will be what it takes about 40 years for the microbiology to resemble that of a natural girlfriend. yeah, so if we introduce micro organisms here, we're saving practically the 40 years, it would take for the microbiology to get used to the new ecosystem. yeah, it was a seamless ruined hat, but even the non poison it's types of mushrooms growing and these parts are not suitable for eating. due to the heavy metals they absorb from the soil. the contaminants are only released when the fungi decompose. although at least and concentrations that the trees can cope with these days, lithium is an integral part of life, as we know it. it's in computers, laptops, mobile phones, electric cars, and all sorts of other battery powered devices. the advantage of lithium batteries is that they lightweight and long lasting now with immobility on the rise demand for this useful metal is growing rapidly.

lithium found in nature is always bonded with other elements dance due to its electron configuration, it has a single valence electron that is easily given up to form chemical bonds separating it from those chemical partners is difficult. but in south america it's different. this region is home to more than half the world's lithium reserves. it is found under the white crusts of salt lakes, bound together with the salt. in this form, it's easier to extract water from the lake is pumped out and allowed to evaporate, leaving behind a lithium rich substance. chemicals are then used to separate the lithium and some of those chemicals are toxic. another problem, when the salt water is pumped out of the lake, it draws out ground water to

a big problem in this arid region. just one battery for a medium range electric car uses between 3 and 12000 leaders of water. that's up to $82.00 full bath tubs. and he's, if things keep going at this rate, within 5 or 6 years will have lost so much water that this entire area will become a desert. it's not just agricultural livestock, farming that will suffer. and in fact, i'm human life will no longer be possible here and mentally has even them. ok, sorry, a high price to pay for our batteries. and in europe to conservationists are concerned about the impact of lithium mining in the hills of northern portugal mining on a grand scale could start soon. portugal has sufficient deposits to supply the whole of europe. lulu. but residence of the affected region of barroso fear for the future of their land. no, cuz i mean,

i thank years isn't mattie mean the mine will be just 200 meters from here. if we go up to that house, we would see the mind from there were poor, poor mister got us, they out of its evil, it's going to ruin the water here. and so star and all the dust from the mine will cover the fresh grasses in the meadows and spoil them also, but they are with us with our land simply won't be of the same quality any more freshman. it's even possible that the water would disappear completely and then even this green grass would no longer grow here. but as electric vehicles become more wide spread, demand for lithium will grow. right now europe imports its lithium. germany is also looking to see whether it could cover its own needs. in the future, germany has 2700000 tons of lithium and the most in europe. many e u members have deposits, but mining them is either difficult or too expensive. germany's reserves can be

found, for example, thousands of meters below the river rind trapped in underground springs of boiling water. scientists are hoping to extract the lithium using geothermal power, the ideas to pump the hot water from deep under ground to use it for heating and electricity, extracting the lithium at the same time when the leads him to see him. though if the him that we produce here in the upper right valley is completely c o 2 free, it's you, unlike the lithium from australia or south america, which generates a lot of seo to see through the long transport routes and the production method. it sounds good, but whether it's economically feasible is still unclear. recycling, lithium would be another way to cut imports and the e u wants to gradually boost recycling rates. ready but extracting lithium from recycled batteries is also energy intensive. and once again requires chemicals. right now it's hardly worth it because despite price

fluctuations, fresh, lithium from south america is just too affordable. i, we asked view is on social media, what they're doing to preserve resources. these are some of the interesting responses we got. jeslane, a santi from brazil replied. i reuse supermarket bags several times, but i strongly believe that brazil should stop exploiting wood to europe. francesca, his son is tip, is reducing consumption. if less is produced in the 1st place, we don't need to think about how it can be recycled. we benefit by becoming better off and making the wealthy. less rich. generally we dish raise them, suggest separating waste watering plants. first thing in the morning and recycling paper, plastics and cardboard j ricardo b p writes, i'm starting to produce my own food and use a system for composting,

so that organic waste is bio degraded and like many others, spirit c, r wonders if it wouldn't be better to replace economic systems that benefit only a few and leave many behind. thanks for your comments. we waste resources in the long run, the consequences will be catastrophic. so it's vital to switch to more sustainable practices. reciting textiles, for example, can help reduce water intensive cotton production. we can also re thing, plastic production and use. it's derived from crude oil, making it environmentally damaging and unfit for the future. an entrepreneur in thailand make single use dishes from rice to a byproduct of rice production. and there are many more ways we can switch to sustainable materials. this is a brand new material. and then it is lucas foreman who is one of its inventors can

replace genuine leather, which is made from animal hinds. robertson was sort of grown a sample of our leather alternative. it's unique worldwide because it was c o 2 neutral, completely plastic free and entirely plant basements with lucas foreman is going to meet july 14th. the frankfurt based designer normally works with real leather. he uses it to make belts and bags in his studio. he has promised to look at the new material and try it out with the north brookfield doesn't. that's what you were talking about on the phone . yes, exactly. okay. yeah, the quote that i'm always cautious about let is substitute wednesday that my experiences haven't been great. me robin's good enough. what i do is very work intensive with an alternative, often art up to it from finance was most nevertheless,

joelle is interested in taking a closer look at the plant based leather. for him, it's important that it can be worked and just the same way as conventional leather . for example, you have to be able to cut it as cleanly as this real leather. smooth inches are important. schneider to say good, it cuts very well. you don't need to, not all real others are as good as that. the cut edge is smooth, so that was made, that looks really good. some of this and also m a promising 1st response. the designer is going to put the new material to a few more tests. the vague and leather was developed at the technical university of darmstadt. the inventor spent 6 years on research and then founded a startup. the new material is based on hemp waste. the company gets its raw materials from a german company that grows to plants, perhaps seeds, and to make cbd products

as an environmental sanders, farmers are interested in the top 20 centimeters janet. the stalks are shredded on, don't make them any money lesson of the damage. this hemmed straw is left to lie in a fail for 6 months. how did so make it nice and soft and vice versa. we put it into this machine and it produces al raw material in the al button. for reasons of patent protection, they're unable to reveal exactly how they turn this hemp waste into a leather substitute. the adventurers will only reveal that they soften the hemp fibers and press them into flat lengths of material. everything of natural and non toxic. as always, tongue, i like in a work here in the laboratory without using any gloves, but we don't use any chemicals at all, sir, because there's nothing dubious. every thing that happens here is entirely plant based line foss with alice because of their completely plant based material is

still at the development stage until they can produce large quantities. they want to find out where it might be used. potential clients are the furniture and car industries and the fashioned industry, of course, that's why joanna fully is opinion counts. there is no problem cutting it, and it can also be cut at an angle. 3 is my here. mm hm. i'm going to try getting rid of the edge now for us and cotton gum. i discontinued of and that doesn't work very well. the room for improvement there. this is how it works with leather. so if you try to finish the hamp based leather, the fibers fray get through this now i'm going to try out a small piece that doesn't require much work as smartphone cases, which i know had you know, oh, jewel bullying cuts 2 pieces out of the new material, glues them in place,

and then machine, so as them together. what no one wants to see is any rips or tears. lucas woman is keen to hear what the leather expert has to say. all a look at this pick up forward said or good. now it would really well with her working the leather went very well. it was really fun working with this material who continued, it works the same as my real leather. yeah. well great. it's turned out really well . we can see how it feels. m scrub. there is some small minus points on the edge can't be finished as easily as leather. the leader, the color is still, well, i don't know to what extent you can develop different use of the of our more help to it would be really nice if the customers could choose different colors on, but it's an interesting material. and i could definitely imagine offering it alongside my other products that are viewed from the good fortune condo here. mitchell, with the inventors of the leather alternative, have taken another step out of the laboratory towards production. there

are vast landfills. sites like this all over the world. these mountains of waste could be reduced if we switch to biodegradable materials and recycled more garbage dumps, sting and pollute the atmosphere, the ground, and the ground water, the trash we produce, also ends up in oceans and nature. and what about in space? that's what window geraldo from brazil. buns to know. ah, what's being done about debris in space? the earth is surrounded by a cloud of space junk. more than a 1000000 pieces of space debris orbit, our blue planet. most of them are just a few centimeters in size, but there were also non functional satellites and jet rockets tumbling through space. due to their high velocities,

even small pieces of debris can cause extensive damage. every rocket launch adds more waste spaceship components that are no longer needed like used rockets are simply jettisoned in february of 2009 to satellite smashed into each other. the crash created thousands of bits of debris which could potentially collide with other satellite. that's why large pieces of space junk need to be cleared from orbit. researchers have been working for years to remove debris from earth's orbit. they aimed to achieve this with the aid of a satellite. it will either collect debris with an intelligent robotic arm and pulled the debris towards it. or it will rely on net much like a fisherman does. when fishing the debris removing satellite will propel the space

chunk towards earth in a controlled trajectory. when the debris enters the atmosphere, friction causes it to burn up. in june of 2018, the satellite remove debris was launched into orbit from the international space station. it was meant to test various methods of collecting space debris. but that turned out to be quite a challenge. objects move and behave much differently in outer space. the 1st official mission to remove debris from orbit is planned for the year 2025. the clear space one satellite will be sent up to a to me, to large adapter from a european vague, a rocket. the satellite will take hold of it and re directed towards earth on a path where it will destroy itself upon re entry into the atmosphere. if i will

let is read why i do you the science question. if so send us a video text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a small gift as a thank you. so come on, just does this under water, will it looks it delicate that much of marine life isn't bad shape? climate change means the oceans are getting warmer and many species are struggling to adapt. industrial fishing practices are also taking their toll and resulting in habitat degradation. one 3rd of the world's fish stocks anal over finished. and it's not only because of how much we it's also due to demand full fish meal to feed farmed fish. research is a hard at work developing alternatives. this

insect could be the solution to a common problem in fish farming or aquaculture originally from south america. the black soldier fly is now at home all over the world. when mature, the flies don't have a mouth or a stinger, so they can't spread diseases. they also reproduce very quickly if conditions are right, a female lays around a 1000 eggs. the resulting larvae could become an excellent substitute for fish meal. first, the eggs have to be harvested before being left to grow on a nutritious substrate. hello. i look on 300 grams of eggs can yield one. toma larva is directly really resource efficient g. the grow very quickly that they could be produced. regionally come on. so they're a very economical source of protein or not. so a lot of the protein and fish monitor is currently sourced in the sea. every year 30000000 tons of fish are taken from the oceans just to make animal feed. it's an ecological disaster. such over

fishing is causing wine spread devastation to marine habitants. farm insect is a startup spin off of musics technological university that aims to produce regionally sourced fish feed. it's 3 founders have set up their pilot project on a trout farm for, but i took a feed for the larvae is waste from a nearby flower mill. the young larvae are sprinkled on it and the trees are then stored in a warm and humid climate controlled unit. ready as the larvae grow, they turn everything into compost. they're now picky. don't eat anything. on the amans veneer la from dishwater dawkins. we chose the black soldier, fly i, his larva are able to process the broadest range of food on those fish where we are particularly important for our aim of creating a regional nutrients cycle. especially foster. she's able to practically anything, mix them perfect is the deaf of defect guy. good. after a week,

the larvae are one and a half centimeters long and ready to be harvested. just 1.2 kilos of feed yield one whole kilo of larvae. it's an efficient and the centralized way to produce protein . tolmas coon and both gung vest m i have spent over a year on their mission to make fish water on a regional and resource efficient basis. but they do have one concern. fish have an excellent sense of smell and can be rather choosing and their culinary tastes. good then the centers of fish might refuse to eat the lava, which will be awful heavy after all that hard work soon, the hope that it will suffer. predatory fish like these trout need plenty of protein, which is why fish feeds contains up to 20 per cent. meal from deep sea fishing helmet, vedic and hence the various institute of fisheries. he would welcome the prospect

of less fish, milan, the feed, and not just for ecological reasons. fish will draw, marked in. there are 4 key for the read is the largest cost factor and modern agriculture includes up to 70 percent out of his he was or interested not only in the quality of the teachers but also its cost effectiveness of his card visitors or missouri vill hm. then dish is also keen to see the results of the pilot project. he's an expert in animal nutrition and has been advising the black soldier, fly farmers from the outset. even do insects on fish. they're here a lot about feeding live insects to fish, so much on that. so let's see if it actually works as we have on. that's the acid test you naughty program talk here goes. it's feeding time, and the 1st scoop of larvae has served but the

fish just ignore them, no response. perhaps the larvae aren't to their liking then suddenly, there's a feeding frenzy, a over yonder. thank you. if he can speak, i said as it naturally impressed, fishing costa fisher hungry and we've given them a log sir, so they're getting full gun them long some, but it clearly worked about i doughty over the next few weeks. hell, motivator can will be checking to see how will the fish thrive on this new feed. that means measuring their weight and assessing their state of health. you know, that's important information because the larvae is nutritional value changes shortly

before they reach the pupil stage. was this designed with it's crucial to harvest the love. it's just the right moment just to make them especially appealing to the fish. if all goes well and the project is a success larvae, it could end up replacing fish meal and saving fish farmers up to 40 percent of their feed costs. that's it for this week's edition of to morrow to day doing this again next week until then stay curious about the world around you, but i ah, with ah

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