i'm fighters. tune in now is the end of the pandemic in site. we show what it could look like. will return in the normal. and we visit those who are finding it difficult with successes and you know, weekly coven, 19 special. every thursday con d w. i mattered. i fish homosexual beds old pony amorous monkeys. humans are not the only animals with a mix of sexual preferences. plus this control pill for men is homeowner contraception for him finally on the way. and can artificially grow nerve tissue health phase out animal testing that and mo,

coming up ah, hello, and welcome to tomorrow to day d. w. signs, paragraph animal testing experiments on mice have shown that penicillin fights off bacteria a milestone in the development of antibiotics. of the pain and distress animals sometimes experience in such tests poses an ethical dilemma. is it right to treat them this way? on top of that, not all the results can be transferred to humans, one to one. so researchers are looking for alternatives. problems with spinal disks are one of the main causes of back pain. worldwide. pharmacist zip is god is studying how to alleviate such pain by looking at how much pressure a spinal dis can withstand and it hurts ah,

mid from. so i've had ali mega chi, we're trying to use all available possibilities including organ cultures and bio reactors to simulate as far as possible the in vivo situation, like in the human body or an animal's body without conducting tests on animals, sierra, or any and tearful. so a flock of avoiding animal testing is a top priority for the team, but they still need a real spinal disk for the stress test. so civil god uses a disk from a cow source from a butcher, her colleague extracted from a cows tale. so again, the name romantic mortgage on spirit, we always go to the butcher very early in the morning just after the animals have been freshly slaughtered. that way the cells and the disk are still alive. you still have living tissue, living disk cells and living bone cells are labeled. if no cut sale, i hate them ability. this small piece of cartilage is placed in a container with

a nutrient solution. as soon as the disk emits pain signals, they'll be recorded in the nutrients solution. now the disk is about to be tormented in a machine. this bio reactor was specially developed to exert mechanical pressure on bones and spinal disks. simulating the impact a spine is exposed to in the human body. they feel the octave is in your cliff. the fire reactors are useful to keep these movements under control, which is of course not really possible. an animal experiments look what they're like, many good high for this test to succeed outside a body. another scientists knowledge is needed. materials engineered itsyana set us provides the team with artificially produced nerve tissue. an you discovery. this

tissue makes it possible to prove if a damaged disk also actually hurts because it's the nerves that triggered the feeling of pain in the brain don't generate ha, additional model. then you have to create the exactly basil architecture of the self though to position yourself in a 3 d environment, the inner, i'd the position it sounds like science fiction. but to produce nerve cell tissue, you only need 2 components, a gel and nerve cells. so how does that turn into nerve tissue? did sienna saras has developed a machine, especially for the purpose sound waves make the cells begin to move. and while they do that, the scientist can arrange them in line with the architecture of tissue.

that is very exciting in my opinion because so it looked like to be a d, j in biology. laugh the says need to be close one to the other. and then we are going to, through a very mild and very soft way for cells to form functioning neural tissue like in the human body. they need to communicate with each other. but how do you achieve that in a petri dish? the idea behind it is simple. the cells are 1st randomly distributed in a jo like nutrient rich liquid. busy in the state, the cells keep to themselves, they are too far apart to network with each other than the sound waves set the cells in motion within seconds. small clusters and groups are formed only when the cells come into closer contact. do they begin to interact naturally?

it's the only way living tissue can develop and the artificially produced nerve tissue is indeed able to react to pain signals . meanwhile, the disk was subjected to pressure for almost 2 hours. was it enough to cause pain? we're about to find out zuba drug takes the nutrients solution that recorded the disks pain signals and combines it with the artificial nerve tissue others fast in year and if and me it is when i find fascinating as that with these organ cultures we're simulating and understanding what happens in the human body in some kind of a fuss here? at 1st it's not immediately clear with her pain was triggered in the spinal disk. but the microscope brings more clarity. the artificial tissue is firing. in other

words, it's reacting to pain signals. research with animal testing is carried out in many fields, also for the development of a birth control pill for men, which is not yet on the monkeys. to be effective, it would need to disrupt the normal homeowner balance. several play a role. d and r h signals the brain to make the whole mans l h and f s h. these tell the testicles to produce spam anti stuffs to read. the brain then receives the signal that there's enough testosterone in circulation, and it doesn't need to produce any more for the time being. and that's exactly what research on the mail pill pest zeroed in on. oh oh mono contraception for men could take the form of an injection of synthetic

testosterone. it would do the work. the body's own testosterone normally does like putting has on the chest and building strong muscles. but most importantly, it will tell the body to stop producing its own supply. the testicles would shut down. that would mean no more spam and no more of the bodies naturally occurring testosterone. but that would be fine as production would have been outsourced as it were. come this approach were and would man accept such a major intervention in their hormone balance. woke of it come as a urologist and answer questions about sex and the body as dr. sex on take talk. kita it has a he finished the answer. well, i think it's a really good idea to introduce a contraceptive pill for men and i get asked about it daily. oh,

but he believes the success of such a product depends largely on its side effects. these will be influenced by how consistently the pillars taken not a central line them on the sense, much against the money you might forget to take it, so end up changing the dose and them mode. so reaction, understand us and us. but the side effects it won't be serious anymore, kind of confusion, it's been trialed and a lot of men get along fine with testosterone derivative so late among the lines of citizens system. no, it sounds promising, but unfortunately the male pill doesn't just contain testosterone. in order for the hormone g, n, r, h, canada trip and releasing hormone, and therefore spend production to be reliably suppressed. testosterone has to be combined with another woman. to ryan. it's known mainly as

a female woman. in women, it's an efficient g on our h blocker, but there is a catch the progestin, an artificial form of progesterone and the female pill, because as a range of side effects from the good news is that in men, a combination of testosterone and progesterone, administered as an injection is asked reliable a form of contraception as the female birth control pill, 90 percent of men in a large w h o study conducted 10 years ago tolerated at well and said they would use it about is 10 percent of men experience side effects including weight gain loss of libido and depression. in response to these findings, the w h o pulled the plug on the largest ever study on male birth control, which prompted the pharmaceutical industry to withdraw completely from research and

development. even though the birth control pill that women have been taking for over 60 years produces similar side effects. but now usb such as picking up where the w h o left off at the university of washington, stephanie page and her team a taking a closer look at what causes the male pills side effects. among other things they discovered that pre justin's have some problematic properties the projections are more complicated and harder to study in man i'm they are likely responsible for ah, weight gain when we see it. i and also may have an impact on wooed, similar to what we see with women. the researchers therefore tried out a novel for justin, who's mastering they adjusted the quantity of

testosterone and improved its performance. rather than an implant or injection, they made the product available as a gel that men can apply to their shoulders every day. the this product is being tested in couples to determine how effective it is at preventing pregnancy. about $400.00 couples are being enrolled across the globe. we expect that the results of that study will be available in a couple of years. the jell still has some side effects. we have had a few men who had changes in mood or changes in their sex drive, but this is a minority of the participants. and actually many of the men and their partners who have finished the trial would use the joe again, if they were given the opportunity. so we feel like that's really encouraging. why

not leave couples to decide for themselves? which of them will use a contraceptive in 5 to 10 years from now? that could be both the pill for women under jell for men. and if that happens, they would finally be a fair distribution of risk between men and women, and opportunities and incentives to develop of a contraceptive methods with contraception is also used in zeus here a female hippo gets her hilbrick heads but males also have to do their part when it comes to contraception, thankfully they get to keep their horns and tusks. after all, they are there to impress prospective poet, news like humans, animals to say a range of nasal heavy says noon.

oh, their classic loaners for most of the year squirrels forage for food on their own, marking their territory with the scent, glance on their paws. ah, finding food is never given a challenge. their mating habits are well adapted to most years squirrels made twice. so if there's too little food for offspring in the winter, they get a 2nd chance lou o these australian flat nose bats live in a harem. normally, bats don't enter into long term relationships. and here one male is regularly with several females. the advantage is that why the females hunt for food the males guard the offspring in a type of kindergarten chimpanzees live in

large families of up to 80 animals in humans, this might be called poly amory. there are no fixed pair relationships in the group . males go hunting together and defend their territory together and even the alpha males of the group don't make more often a salad disadvantage. the men can visit thought or thought because the males made with several females and the females with several miles. the males dont know which offspring of their own thumb. so foger hot thus fish and ponds. and as a result, many in the mail, chimpanzees are friendly to all the young which minimizes the risk of one of them being killed. because some ton owl that's easy coded and you care true tone. so diverse sexual contact can actually increase a group's chances of survival. this breeding penguin is a male,

and so is his partner. such penguin pairings sometimes attract attention ensues, but they're actually nothing out of the ordinary. homosexual couples are especially common amongst birds. male flamingoes have been observed stealing eggs to incubate them together. giraffes have more same sex contacts than heterosexual ones. it's similar for cows and other domesticated animal species. why some ins as was it was i think so ella, at eagle upgrade on the one hand, it's probably a reaction to sexual arousal. and on the other hand, the whole thing has a learning effect. with some species initial attempts at rearing the young sometimes failed, such as with nest building or so they then also have the chance to practice it. and

my student fairly recently, scientists discovered that many female albatrosses pair up research suggests the birds are flexible about their choice of mate, and that it may depend on the situation. clown, fish, on the other hand, are hermaphrodite. if the female dies, the largest male of the group changes its sex. because finding a suitable partner in the reef is difficult. changing, sex ensures reproduction. but humans aren't the only animals to form nuclear families. gibbons, for instance, live in a close family unit consisting of parents and children. in the wild, they largely feed on fruit, which is sometimes abundant and sometimes scarce. larger groups can't nourish themselves off of one tree while a small family can. animals,

mating habits often have evolutionary benefits, but what they are is, in some cases, still a matter of speculation and an exciting subject of inquiry for scientists. ah, if i will let is read why i now it's your turn. like every week we answer one of your questions. if there is something you've always wanted to know in my test, if we answer it on the, so you'll get a little surprised as a thank you and just ask, ah, today's question comes from nuclear gonzalez. love us dida in mexico. do whale sharks, my great then known as the gentle giants of the sea, the largest fish on the planet.

they like the warm and populate tropical and sub tropical royalties that we get to see them very rarely. whale sharks, feed on plankton the filter feeders, they suck in some 6000 liters of water an hour filter out the food and expel the accessible to with that goes they my great in such a food and congregate at particular hotspots. one of the best known as the niggley reef of western australia. whale sharks, my great her every spring when the choral spawn and vast quantities of eggs and coral spam attract crill and plankton. more than full 100 well sharks come together annually for this lavish feast. the natural spectacle also attract snore clothes and divers. the mingling reef offers

one of the best opportunities to get up close to these giant creatures which grow up to 18 meters long. maybe while sharks as i relaxed, because they have the thickest skin in the animal kingdom and like the fingerprint . each whale shock has a unique pattern of spots and stripes to help identify the animals. a database was created with photos taken by divers and tourists called the wild book for whale shot, excuse me. the photos are analyzed by specially designed software originally developed for the hubble telescope and adopted for the new pappas stars in the night sky. and the markings on a whale shock formed similar patterns. the data shows that the number of whale sharks coming to mingling has grown over the years. i'm to out of 3 come,

has several times. satellite transmitters allow research as to truck, individual whale sharks migration rates, and they offer new insights into the behavior of the still relatively mysterious giant fish. they migrate much further than we long thought. the current record is held by am this female well shock subtle from panama, and crossed the pacific ocean for 235 days. there was no sign of awe. presumably she been hidden away in the ocean depths before she finally returned to the surface. after a migration of more than 20000 kilometers in contrast, the zoo animals cannot travel far at all. so south,

faint stand. but mod, in zoom architect who tries to offer the animals, the landscape that is at least close to their natural home. here in switzerland, xerox, the mere cats live together with 14 other animal species in a man made savannah for the area to at least come close to the canyon. wild plants had to be moved in fast will flash back to 20. 19 a savannah landscape is coming together here in switzerland at the zurich zoo. it will be the new home for giraffe rhinos and other savannah animals. do architect was bone gardener is in charge of it on all the spanish install. i'm when you, when you get to this point, it should be obvious that you are in africa need. from here you can see the whole area. you get your 1st view of the trees in the umbrella trees,

and the ridge trails launch off in the background. you can see the rocky landscape a whole like you can see as far as the forest, although the zoo pod actually ends quite a bit before that, we made it look bigger than a deal. as a landscape architect was bombgardener has clear ideas about what the savannah should look like, but it also has to be sustainable and animal friendly. so all you said is, do you always have a lot of animals in a small space with me? however, our savannah is 56000 square meters, a coach t stuff in the star challenges, creating green or even brown vegetation, where the animals don't eat faster than the plants can grow. flown 7 dollars a place where the grass has a chance to grow back off the fiscal nava. the vegetation for the do. savannah is

being grown at a nearby nursery. and so rick, there cultivating over $80000.00 graph seedlings for the new compound. among them are various species of graphs that have different properties and flowering times. the landscape architect likes to types in particular. ah, maxine and he's going to see the most, you know, change this year is ms. come to scratch julie most a chinese read awful. i and next to it is the atlas this to a company that the mouth dos could be to get a stan, it's a grass native to the african continent where it can be found in rocky areas in the atlas. mountains, as the name suggests, you always proclaim the whole thing that the grass is hardy and can survive our winters. it doesn't care if it's here or in africa. but you know, for the call own day, they looked great and it provides the tranquil, grassy landscape that we see here that's excites without all. personally, i really like how they dance in the wind, me danish violet, excuses,

certainly calm vastness, yahoo so forth. in addition to the grasses, was lucia and his team have spent years growing umbrella trees for the zoo. the trees are typical for the savannah, and one species in particular, has proven to be especially suitable. the black locust you don't look at for the forum had more food, sci fi. we looked at what was suitable in terms of shape and made sure that they could reach a height of 6 meters in 7 or 8 years. storm hurt by then even a giraffe, can't reach the branches with its tongue that way. the trees remaining tag at the present ega. i go to new york, the 2 months later, the landscape architect and the gardener, mute. the work is almost done. and back on track. and the last of 70 umbrella trees, it's been planted. 30 people there. if

bill that's good, always lower it slowly and hold the position after a year of hard work, the savannah is finally ready for its new inhabitants. by the way, the move was successful, the animals seemed to feel at home, and this was savannah. some of even had offspring. and that's it for this edition of tomorrow to day. thanks for joining us. until next time. state curious. ah ah, ah, ah ah

ah. ah ah, with who the 77 percent of the sites water in africa is being waged with weapons, countryside residence god, what few resources they have. finding solutions is a challenge for experts say is due to an absence of climate policy. i was actually

diminished because like, what more can we do right now? other than have in my disabled sports is a do 70 percent in 30 minutes on d, w 001700 1000000 people with their own personal stories. a everyday life with what europeans fear and what they hope for focus on europe in on d w. m. know hey guys, an avalanche are my welcome to my podcast. love matter that i and life celebrities

influences and expert to talk about all playing loved thanks from data and yet today, nothing less because all these things and more in the new season of the pot, come make sure to tune and wherever you get your past and join the conversation because you know, it love matters ah, ah, every journey is full of surprises. we've gone all out to give you some tips one day and in the footsteps of the great people. i'm in your northernmost count, please. ah, 3 times long. but still very much alive, d, w, travel, you'll go to the special hot spots in germany, europe. i recognized where exactly it was fun and i have

learned a lot our culture history. all their d. w. travel extremely worth a visit. ah ah ah, ah, this is dw news lie from berlin protesters and around step up the pressure on authorities and coal for a 3 day strike. it comes after a top official says iran, so called morality. police has been disbanded, also coming up ukrainians, trying to flee.