not reach more than 30 percent of the world population. very simple. that facility that's very convenient for the chinese after all the portal before their exclusive use, but i am the mediterranean as potomac, kind of great sarcophagus. if anything he was proud of, it was to be a steal worker, like his grandparents and his parents. this is his business. do come here for the life. who are the winners and losers? globalization, where do we stand? starts january 5th on do w o . there has been many heroes during the corona virus pandemic. the scientists who lead the battle to get to the bottom of the virus health work is he looked up to those struck down by the new infection and volunteers who helped the vulnerable. these are the people we want to pay tribute to in this week's cove at

$19.00 special. but 1st we want to get into the seasonal spirit at one of germany's famous christmas markets. in berlin, we visit one that's open for business again for the 1st time since the cove at 19. uh frank ah, ah, after a gap of 2 years, the christmas market at berlin's charlatan book palace is opened once again with life music and ukrainian women dressed up as christmas angels as an as of green sports, their freedom ambassadors who flying to the palace in our thoughts and turn on the lights of the holiday season, a vine of understanding reconciliation and togetherness. and that's more important now than ever before y'all. as before, for many years, the organizer has had close ties with ukraine, and this year, donations are being collected for ukrainian charities. the market was close to the past 2 years due to the pandemic now. so. so enjoying being together again the last

2 years i've been with her, i guess the more difficult that we can spend more time with family and the law of the family miss out on the time with her. and she was very small and, but i'm really happy that the christmas market is back in the in front of the snows, especially that my, my family is able to visit and we can, we can visit the, the christmas market again together. it's really nice law. it's wonderful nice that it's taking place again and we can come here or meet. ready friends here and we'll drink some more wine together via and it's become a tradition, what's its mission of yours? i know that not just the visitors, the happy that the market back in business. so the vendors yours here. sure. sure, sure. that it's very knowing that it's worked out again after not being here for 2 years. i yahoo! by that though, it's supposed to be 3 because the last time was in 2019. go on to wrong with. i knew i had to put the items in story 93 all because you can only sell christmas

names at christmas time. so it's great that it's open again. this is concern as of yesterday is. yeah, christian banish sells products made by a non profit organization. they are hand made christmas ornaments. they're especially popular handicrafts are a major focus at the palaces, christmas market. something visitors seemed to appreciate around $1000000.00 people flock here each year during the holiday season. ever changing coven 19 restrictions made life difficult for every one over the past few years? the market organizes says decisions were often made at the last minute and somewhat unexpected. only there of logs off. one of the corona virus restrictions in place at the time forbade the sale or consumption of alcohol in green spaces. and a christmas market without mulled wine is simply not a christmas marketing. so are cancelled both times the last minute which generated costs locked out, and vendors were disappointed and financially hard. if not,

they were going through tough times as it was. it cycle hutton, traveling much in some of whose families have been in the business for generations with particularly affected because the pandemic closed down, not just this christmas market, but market san festivities across germany. d as in probably one actually the 1st few weeks were actually really nice. and i did lots of things with my husband and kids that we'd never done before because we're always on the road cash. but then we got board because we really don't know anything else. and i hate of every weekend every week. we're somewhere else. she, it was tough on and then there was the financial here to a few vendors went bankrupt, found to other jobs or have simply not returned the mile advisors on here. you might not someone else used to be here and over there, but during the 2 years when nothing was happening, they went bust. so i said i'd take over their spots. one person,

sorrow is another person's joy and i'm like, that's life. it's unclear whether the christmas market at the charlatan book palace will go ahead next year or not. but for now, people here just focusing on the present. so it's been really, really difficult. every who was close the course here with the internet. but this year i hope it's going to be like a $130.00 from the christmas market reawakening to a cove at 19. here at south africa, scientists played a major role in the nursing the well to the 1st variance and profess asulym. abdul karim became the government's top adviser on the pandemic, but his efforts hadn't just and him praise

this building is at the forefront of south africa's h i v and aids research programs under the leadership of professor salim abdul karim. the durbin based facility has also played a vital research role during the covert. 19 penn jillette. good. that's good. the pandemic emergency is now receding. we are no longer in the situation where we are concerned about hospitals getting overwhelmed. but one of the big concerns remains the level of uncertainty. in 2020 south africa stablished a ministerial advisory committee, comprising scientists, researchers, and doctors. he did vice the government on its response to the pandemic. professor abdul karim was tasked by the minister of health to be it's chairperson.

he hadn't consulted me, but he knew, i would never say no, that when i called upon by my country to serve in that way i was always going to say yes. so i learned at the same time as everyone else that i was to chair i'll countries karone of ios effort. after spending decades helping the fight against polio, measles, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases, abdul karim dedicated his research efforts to h. i v. it was this vast expertise that will allow the professor to shift focus when asked to lead the country's coven 19 response or that runs off. so i think i had developed enormous infrastructure to deal with. it's h i v epidemic. it's that same infrastructure that was able to pivot to deal with over 19. for example, we've always monitored viruses and the genetic sequences for drug resistance,

simply but we use the same technology to look at the variance of coven, south africa, has had a long history with h. i v and has the highest number of people living with the virus world wide. good afternoon abdul karim says that in contrast to the denials issued by the government at the start of the h, i. v. epidemic covey 19 showed south africa's current leaders, were open to scientific advisor. time that right from the beginning of the pandemic . both the president and the minister wanted to hear from scientists, and the scientists made enormous contributions, testing new diagnostics, doing studies on vaccines. and importantly, the discovery of the beat of variant and the ami convent it came from right here in south africa. on the other hand, the south african government did draw

a lot of criticism over it's extremely tough lockdown measures. these had a far reaching economic impact in a country already facing widespread inequality and high unemployment. and the effects are still being felt 2 years later. but professor abdul karim stands by the government's decision. you know, we were not directly involved in the decisions regarding the lockdown, but there was little question in my mind at that time. and i would agree with it even to this day, given the level of uncertainty, given our concerns about what we will see in italy in new york city, for how hospitals were being overwhelmed. that action needed to be taken. and it needed to be quite drastic at that time. another challenge presented by coping 19 globally has been the massive spread of disinformation. according to the professor,

this is not only detrimental to science, but to his personal safety as well. for example, when i was advising that's was be open, i was called dr. death, my wife and i both were subjected to attacks and threats. but i was not going to be intimidated. and i was not going to let those threaten those threats. determine what i was going to say or not. abdul karim commitment to scientific fact earned him the 2020 john maddox prize awarded by the nature science journal. he shared the prestigious award with the you. essays, anthony valgy. while many may see the virus tapering off, careens work is far from over. he currently serves on the world health organization science council, and as a professor at both harvard and columbia universities. so there's little downtime

for hobbies, but strolls along, turbans famous, beach front promenades. give him space to unwind. distress and reflect. so i figure is an amazing country. it has so much potential over 19, destroyed some of that and in economic impact. i looked to the future. i looked to the future where south africa re gains its prosperity. but recognizing that we need to be prepared for the next pandemic, abdul karim firmly believes that south africa's resilience can be a source of inspiration to all for more than 2 years now, global experts have been answering our questions about the cabana virus pan. dennis,

what do they think are the most important things we've learned from is and how are we doing now? one of the things that we learned with the pandemic was that even the most, our born the well developed nations in the world are not ready to handle such a poly health emergency of this scope. and if something worse word come around, we would all be in a lot of trouble. it took a hugely heavy toll on our nurses and health care workers. and when we have no health, it's like a collapsing pack of cards impacting on our individual freedoms. our economies are set, safety and security. i would be, wow, we're the clinical trials. this is security in place for that the vaccine roll out sort of the vaccine development and rollout. again, they were ready structures and teams in place for that and never would have that in early 2020 that we would have had it back in for newly discovered virus under

a year. but by all working together towards a common goal, we were able to achieve just that some content you can search over decades, for example, the 7th of color. but it's 5 over 90 goes many countries have certainly entered the endemic phase with ups and downs of cause. i think that that's another over i'm covered which going with us for a long time. however, the social and psychological impacts on the damage is what we are seeing now and also experiencing in our daily lives. the declaration will probably be coming soon, that it will be officially over, but we'll still have those excess deaths and excess people from from the corona virus. i don't know when the pandemic will be over. we are certainly in the pad that make which most of the worlds have either now been vaccinated have had cold head or belts. the virus will continue to infect people, and every one will likely become infected and infected again. several times. most

of these infections will be, might, or even a noticeable for those who have escaped infection so far and chose not to be vaccinated. however, the risk of severe illness will remain sheesh. during the pandemic, many health work as the push to the limits in columbia severe labor shortages meant working double shifts was common practice. some staff will also struggling with their own personal bereavement at the same time. now they're hoping to process what happened with the help of therapy. in april 2021, the colombian authorities and marine lifted covert restrictions. many hope the city would return to its normal rhythm that the economy would recover, and every day life would resume, even the hospitals returned to their pre covered routine. none of that made sense to anna maria torres, an intensive care nurse, or la corner, a kind of my head,

nasal. when they told me that it was a shock, he thought delana, how could that be the case? i mean, nothing is normal, everything has changed. everything is different than the found out or mind knowing that the hospital was now normal. life was normal. that hit me hard because it wasn't true. everything had changed. my dad wasn't there. i couldn't say good bye to him and everything really. it changed for a lot of people come by them. with her. during the pandemic, anna maria had to work double shifts and isolate from her family. the last time her father called her she couldn't take his call. i'm in visit. i came to endo, by the end i was in the emergency room helping to incubate patience because many arrived that day somewhere. so i was very busy, but my family needed me. what kind of work that my dad called me was under? what is it gonna do it on that day?

even when i was finally able to answer, i was told he'd been taken to another hospital and never again, but i see him alive because they incubated him and he died a few days later. so it was, i mean, to this day, it's very hard to whittle. anna maria's colleague, deanna patricia gonzales explains that the pandemic had terrible consequences for her family to or went on with his it. but i me, i thought it was very difficult for me always. and for the whole family, because it happened so fast, i will say 40 or 50 of us got infected norma, all from the same family. aha, media. 16 people died in total. diana patricia also lost her mother due to the pandemic. her last days were spent in this same hospital where the daughter continues to work to the okay. what else? poor job this award i have here from my colleagues, people from my work team, they from this hospital and from other family members. so me has given me the

strength to go on diona, patricia takes part in therapy sessions at the hospital to help her cope with their grief. but psychologists are concerned about the growing number of health personnel who they believe need help to do with the emotional impact of covered 19 i for what he has he on not the any leave theory beer. but i, they lived through very complex situations. say they risked their lives and right now that's not being recognized. da, at the mental health level that's had a big impact, which i think we're feeling the effects of now. ok, and it's only good for you some more in effect though, and we expect those effects to get greater host pandemic. a lot the invitation is to have resilience, but it's not easy to okay. more so i think that many staff are currently experiencing the consequences of facing this pandemic situation is, is that the president, for many reasons, studies have shown an increase in anxiety,

insomnia, and nightmares, and medical personnel who were working during the pandemic depict pamela can was for forms were not yours, we could see that the mental health of, of staff was being affected with men that began to notice that our employees were c cow support was cause they were looking for assistance and advice you in with that i think that's why we set up the mental well being unit, lack of as you on that only that there in his parliament pallet. hospital management is trying to alleviate the situation using their own resources. this includes providing spaces where health workers can safely express their emotions. they're broken down but on, but i think they appreciate this may. so because there wasn't anything like it before. i mean it's still being used a lot. people come here just to cry to express something with tears and then leave again. john thought, i'll go is 1151 said diana. patricia gonzales believes such spaces

are helping her to recover emotionally from the pandemic though? yes, it went that i'm still in therapy. i. what i can grieving is a very long processes is oh and i found it especially hard because so many of my relatives died allow me the therapy helps deanna puts v c a deal with her emotions . this little doll she made during the session is a representation of herself, her resistance, and her will to overcome her devastating experience during the pandemic. among the 1st vaccines that were approved for use about a year off to the start at the pandemic with those based on em are in a technology they prevented many people from being hospitalized and saved millions of lives. now, scientists, one to reset ways of using that technology, not just to produce vaccines, but also to treat others serious diseases. m r n. a

vaccines work by giving the body's immune system a preview of a potential danger. they contain many copies of a short stretch of precise genetic information. the messenger r n. a. it induces cells to start making proteins that are otherwise only found on a specific pathogen. like the proteins that stud the surface of, sorry, covey to the virus that causes cove at 19. then when the immune system encounters the virus, it's prepared. many experts describe or a nay as medicinal software molecules that don't affect the body directly, but instead carry instructions that have an effect only when they're carried out. messenger r n. a vaccine technology therefore has a major advantage over other platforms. it's very flexible because m r n a is a coding molecule. if you change the code, you change the proteins made from it. so it can be used to also make other proteins

found on other disease causing microbes. but also proteins found only, for instance, in cancerous tumors. various versions of the information molecule do far more than just safely stimulate the immune system. the family of origin, a's place key roles and both metabolism and health. and many inherited diseases are caused by faulty genes which internally to faulty or missing proteins. so r n a technology could help there as well. some patients with genetic disorders might receive the coating molecule as a kind of replacement therapy. for example, regular doses of corrective or renee could cause their cells to start making healthy copies of absent or damaged proteins. ah, around 20 or any treatments had been approved so far globally. and dozens more are

in trials in a wide range of diseases. easy to make, easy to alter and packing, a powerful therapeutic punch. r n a therapies look set to have a huge impact on human health in the near future. ah, in 2003, the sars epidemic exploded in taiwan and had a devastating impact. tune, thin village, the poorest area in taipei was hit hard back then, as it also has been by coven 19. but community leaders have been taking the lessons learned from the sales experience to help residents cope with the pandemic. it's lunch time. people are lining up from the buffet, but this is not a restaurant. well, it's a local community center in taipei, even during the pandemic, a continued serving meals to the disadvantage in the neighbourhood,

and so demand surge sunny into it for years ago. the center served males around 200 people a day. but since our demick, we've had to the past 5 or 600 deal by been done hung, hey, zhang has been the village chief for more than 20 years. it's the 2nd time that he's had to deal with a devastating virus. the 1st time was in 2003 when 82 people in taiwan died of the acute respiratory syndrome. sars da da thought when saws was identified, our village had the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths, but well with its own time. one's last was ours. case was here too good. the only by the nearby elementary school was shot for over 2 weeks here until that job. i wondered what of my blog home would eat, how me, how they'd manage all summer hung. hey shing. felt great sympathy with older people who passed away alone and the ones who struggled to find food, he started brainstorming possible ways to help the vulnerable. during the pandemic,

the center became a base for fighting the virus. when we got mobilized a volunteer team which provided aid st meals and i bought food for people, hyphen, they also took school work around for kids on those on domine, call drawing on the sands experience, fine. hey shing, set up an emergency food distribution system for over a decade. now, pan may see, ang has worked with fine. she says, the center responded to the current pandemic quickly. volunteers took turns, sending supplies to those in quarantine and arranged vaccination for the vulnerable, well yacht, all the lauded. yeah, i kept telling the elderly that they should get their booster shots for their sake and other service they are old and eat together every day. it's the only way of ensuring them, their friends just have a good life. everyone is still pulling together to prevent further outbreaks of coven. 19 no one here in the neighbourhood contracted the delta variant. nor has

anyone died from ami chron. even when taiwan reached peak infection rate, the center was still open to support the community that needs an oil. even during the pandemic of the village chief never stopped. as well as eating in the center. we can still get, take away lunchboxes to south south outside. the volunteers told us to avoid crowds, and i followed their advice all with unhealthy. everything's fine. news of fangs good work. got around and with it more and more donations, he raised the equivalent of a $150000.00 euros to fund thousands of quarantine care bags. his top priority is making sure people have enough to eat or show that i want to build food banks for all 319 towns in taiwan. am. if you got young beach food bank could also cover the needs of neighboring villages. klingon, when there's another pandemic or emergency, will be able to respond rather than waiting for government help. what? okay, she don't. what selina? these days,

the number of coven 19 deaths are much reduced in taiwan to. but phung wants to continue ensuring that no one in his community or elsewhere in the country is forced to go hungry. oh, this so featured some of the pandemic heroes in our next and final edition. you can hear from the team have been producing alcove at 19 special for more than 2 years now. good bye till then and stay healthy. ah ah, with

who do you see a desert here? they see their future. ah young, he's hurry up to the one to the south of the country because they can no longer see life. it's extremely hot with paradise.

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ah ah ah, this is d, w. use life pro berlin. a massive winter storm threatens the holiday plans of millions of americans. airlines cancel thousands of flights leaving passengers scrap like the storm is full cost to break bone chilling temperatures and snow too much of north america. thousands of people.