we take a look at high flying technologies in our review of everything that matters now made in germany on w. stories that people who world over the information they provide the opinions they want to express. d, w on facebook and twitter, up to date, and in touch. follow us. ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, the world doesn't lock for complex problems. think of the 1000000 variables involved in tackling climate change. feeding the world are managing finite

resources. the point of technology, at least in part, is to harness the power of science for solving these problems. to day on made in germany, we're talking about how scientific innovations can significantly reshape the global economy as we know it. which means we're going to hear a lot about want m computing. also coming up. this high flyer is beans, a youngest satellite developer. we'll get to know him later in the show and cutting around a crisis can the crisper gene scissors be used to produce climate resisting crops? finally, look out what draws a young indian programmers to germany. but 1st, we start with quantum computing, using the principles of quantum mechanics to make calculations, to intricate for a conventional computer. the advent of the quantum computer is a powerful fine of just how far or come shooting has come to the ages. should you

wish we can even go as far back as the abacus is an arithmetic aid in the 15th century or 21823. when the 1st mechanical computer was invented in 1843 ada lovelace wrote the 1st computer program. a little under a 100 years later, conrad zeus invented the 1st a digital computer. 2 years after that, i began chief thomas watson famously said he thought there was a world market for maybe 5 computers. he was obviously proven wrong. the commodore 64 ushered in the ear of the personal computer in millions of households in the eighty's. and now the quantum computer. the beginning of a new revolution in computing and the possibilities are endless. quantum technology has the potential to radically change the world of industry. it's a very hot topic. all the countries that offer it nations around the world are investing

billions and research good from germany is still catching up here. oh, for the how could quantum technology transform industry and when ah, this is a major chemicals firm, but not everyone working in research and development. here is an expert in chemistry to see and google dean, for example, has a ph d in physics. so what's he doing here to my goal is to make quantum computing methods and advanced conventional methods of computer chemistry available to our simulation experts or them who will use them to develop new processes and new materials for cove. astro horse, 21. the idea is that quantum computers could calculate the properties of certain materials before they're developed. that would save money and also help in the search for new materials, including ones that are easier to recycle. ah, companies,

investors and researchers are all talking about quantum technology. and there's a lot of public funding available. the german government alone has pledged 2000000 euros for this field by 2025. so what could quantum technology change in the future? and then you would classify 4 areas of applications and only quantum communication has lots of potential applications been, but the biggest one is safe data transfer done. he caught middle of you. so then there's quantum metrology. while that's a bit underrated, i would say done then quantum simulation and finally the holy grail, the quantum computer that everyone's talking about, which would offer a whole new approach to solving the problems. so let's go over that again. the laws of quantum mechanics allow information to be transferred worldwide in a way that is ultra secure, common common, got to on the good, the. so she,

there are already various quantum communication procedures available to industry for sale and it's used and transfers between banks. for example, we realize owns we have one think, how often you make payments with your credit cards or some other form of communication that has to remain confidential on in future. all that will be done with quantum communication. modern commonly consortium. this technology could pose a problem for crypto currencies. if current progress continues there, encryption when stand up to the quantum computers of the future. another application, quantum metrology, this is the father, will to voting as clunking. so why do i need one to metrology and it basically enables me to redefine existing measuring tech support so that we can measure things more quickly and precisely including the things that aren't otherwise easy to measure at all. and i believe this is currently underrated, but it will be a huge market in the future that will be used widely in industry. hold dell for the

industry along the north. bypass the, on the know fitbit, for example, to improve navigation systems, to align satellites more precisely, to record magnetic fields more precisely. and maybe even brain waves. so huge hopes for the future. but the right hardware is still needed. the hurdles are enormous. quantum computers are currently 2 error prone, many prototypes will only work at minus $273.00 degrees, and they have to few cubits so they're not powerful enough. but solutions are in the works. he wanted a new stream of modularity because then we can connect different different quantum processes together and make them appear as one big processor. and we have a hypertension to skate quantum computers beyond the $110000.00 a cubit processors. could that work in industry?

and if so, when was the computers be ready? he couldn't go to a muscle, he caught napping during the quantum revolution. that would be unwise. yeah. there's no potential. what a lot of research is still needed to see it. it's not the case that all we need to know is implemented, build things. your model is all there are still questions about what is possible and what isn't carina. there's a lot of money being invested. it's going for the roof ripple comedies and getting what no one is asleep. we risk missing my boat on and we need to make sure that doesn't happen. we're passing them as, as all possible. please proceed. the prospects are amazing. the only thing experts disagree on is what can be achieved in the next 1030 or 50 years. well, what we do know is that the quantum revolution is within reach. but even for max planck founder of quantum theory, the journey beyond established newtonian physics wasn't always a comfortable path to take his colleague albert einstein famously said that if

quantum mechanics were correct, then the world would be crazy. but as we're finding out crazy and correct, aren't mutually exclusive. oh, want is a quantum computer. there's plenty to compute in the world of business, such as the best routes for logistics. this can get complicated, especially when hundreds or even thousands of pieces of data change at the same time, whether weight or prices too much, even for big computers, conventional computers work with bits that is with zeroes and ones. but quantum computers use tiny particles called quantum bits or cubits. and they follow completely different rules. they can exist in superposition, that means a cubit can exist in multiple states at once as 10 and all points in between. with quantum computing,

the result 1st arises in the measurement which ends the indeterminate state. imagine a spinning coin, as long as it's rotating, we don't know if it will end up heads or tails. other quantum laws also play a role, such as what physicists call entanglement entanglement. happens when one cubic influences others. these entangled cubits depend on one another. that is, if the state of one cubit is determined by measuring it, this influences the condition of all its entangled partners. the result, a quantum gate can compute many states at the same time. for logisticians, looking for the best route. this means that while a conventional digital computer can calculate the characteristics of every possible route in a sequence, a quantum computer with its cubits and superposition can compute all routes at once . that is, it can directly compare them. that said,

quantum computers only exist currently as error prone prototypes, which must be cool to minus $270.00 degrees celsius. but research is running it. steam. countries are investing billions in the race to creates a 1st usable quantum computer. in the snack story, we meet hoolihan fernandez, who felt his 1st satellite in his bedroom and sent it into space. that's when he was 16 years old. now. he has yet to graduate, but he's already working on sending more satellites into orbit to make data transmission cheaper. lift off a suspenseful moment fully on fernandez. in mid january this year, he and his team watched with trepidation from a dread as the space ex rocket falcon 9 took off from cape canaveral, launching the fruits of months of hard work and to space or the launch was successful and was terrific. i believe we have 13 satellites in orbit that they're

slightly bigger like this one here. there are further development a little, you know, put young fernandez as company fossa is in the center of madrid. it employees 23 young spanish people who construct small satellites. fernandez started 3 years ago when he was still in his mid teens. it went albany, bellanca gone, gone. i launched my 1st satellite into space. when i was 16, it was small about the size of a rubik's cube, picking it up, thing all. and this is a replica of it. it's a radio massed in space, somehow a yes, we're not really going gusio nathan, nathan, his plan is to make things better from olive trees to wind turbines. there are senses across our planet. and the data they collect needs to be transferred, but not everywhere has widespread internet coverage with me. so i decided to democratize access to communication routes and to the internet of things by

a specialty media on the left button. he makes it sound simple that hernandez has always thought vague and has been able to put his vision into action group or lord, or it was a big step to put my 1st satellite in space at 16 in to collect enough money to funded dunphy. i used forums and my master and doctoral thesis to find out everything i needed to know. it was awful if you name us, did you know? now his employees build the satellites for him? they're all highly skilled, as is the company's co found it who gave up his previous job to dine to business with a teenager. you know, my, what it's all about trust and if i believe in the project, then it doesn't matter whether william is 1720 or 50 years old. i don't like to regret things. and if i hadn't taken this opportunity, i would certainly have regretted kaleon fernandez and his team enjoy the suppose of many other businesses. affordable data transmission is exactly what many sectors

need right now from haulage to energy provision and agriculture. oh yes i'm of course we're still working to consolidate our technologies. we're involved in pilot projects with different clients. next year we plan to grow the business substantially and deep and in 2024. what we want to have a satellite in space windy, which will provide coverage for the entire globe planning. in the meantime, fos, as c e o is also determined to keep studying. if anyone have him in bogus we, my knowledge is very specific. we're specifically fatal. that's why i need to keep studying located on here. see that the but ha, manse, computation, algebra. these are all things that i still need to learn who had a voice was on go check it though. yeah. though, yes, him of his he them. and it's highly likely that he'll see more of his satellites launched into space before he graduates and from his space for you, bringing right back down to worth climate change has meant more drought and extreme

heat. to ensure food security scientists are in a race to develop more climate resistant crops. enter crisper is genome editing technology. it's possible to change a crops genetic code so that it needs less water and 2020 emmanuel sharpen t. and jennifer do not one the 2020 nobel prize and chemistry for the development of the so called crisper genetic scissors. but is it safe? we started improving plants by cross breeding. the best variety is the 1st record of humans, selecting ancient grass and wheat date back 10000 years. since then, we've multiplied corn, wheat rice and saw yields by several times and read them to something which would probably be hard to identify for one of the early settlers back then. for example, do you know what this is? today? it looks like this doesn't seem like a close relative does it. in the past,

decades yields have skyrocketed to feed an ever increasing population. we did not stop at just multiplying yields. our excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and the ongoing conversion of sense of ecosystems to crop land have degraded 40 percent of fertile soils globally. what's more, the climate crisis is forecast to reduce harvests. the problem is we actually need to produce more, but without using more land and more resources is a 50 percent gap between the food produce to day and what we need in 2015 just just to feed people adequately. if everyone became a vegetarian, we could produce enough sustainably, but that doesn't look like it'll happen anytime soon. if we just stick at the current yield, wait 0 is great, is can power sample on the back and move on. and then the only way that we would meet those needs is to expand the agricultural frontier even further. which means

sort of good bye to the remaining natural ecosystems. scientists are designing climate resilient super crops that might produce higher yields and need fewer resources to grow. they want to speed up the process by changing the plants. genetic code with genome editing, such as with rice, drought was major news this summer. it is brutal down there, drought emergency unprecedented droughts and hate waves have put, bought a scarcity into shop focus. that's a problem for rice, a thirsty crop used to being soaked. a new breed might help in the future. this variety i r. 64th is mostly grown in the global south, but it's eaten worldwide. scientists tweaked it's genes to make it more drought resistant. the new rice uses up to 40 percent less water in some weeks, while the conventional varieties did not survive a week without water in 40 degree, he'd half of the gene edited plants. did. scientists did this by instructing

a naturally occurring gene in the plant to be more powerful. this gene helps reduce the number and size of the plans pores which are responsible for gas and water exchange. fewer and smaller pores meant the plant saved water yields increased or remain the same. the method they used here is called crisper cas 9, also known as genetic scissors or genome editing. it is fundamentally different to traditional genetic modifications or gm technologies. it relies actually on natural processes, but it makes the mutation process much lesser and most g m products contain a synthetic gene or a gene from another organism inserted into the plant or animal of interest insect resistant cotton. and mean, for example, grown widely around the world contain a gene originally found in bacteria. instead of using foreign dna,

gene editing makes changes in the characteristics of any organism using the information present in its own genetic code. using special enzymes, working like scissors, we can delete, swap or repeat genes present in the plants dna. it will take many dozens of generation until you have only this one gene transfer it by crossing and then often will not be very viable because the would just take too long. so the it genome editing is really super powerful because it can go and the single gene change it and boil up. it takes 7 to 15 years to get across bread plan with the desired trait, with gene editing just a couple of months plus a few years of testing. globally, gene editing research is speeding up from only a couple of patterns filed in 2011 to about 2000 patents in 2019 by private companies and public researchers. the us, china, and multi nationals are investing heavily in the technology which is expected to

develop into a multi $1000000000.00 market by the end of the decade. it's risky, especially as many new crop varieties are still in the research phase and little data and few risk assessments exist. we can have been have to see what happens in nature. it's all uncertain, and it will be really, experimentation fact ah, we're, we'll be far ahead of the science assigns. we'll have to catch up some experts point to cases of off target genetic changes or cases of deleting much more genetic information than intended. additionally, genes involved in increasing yields, in some type of drought, could decrease yields in wet years. and as there is a large number of genes involved, turning one or 2 genes honor off is mostly not enough here. the less optimized the crop, the easier it is to improve. that's why experts he most potential in quickly developing

old varieties that haven't been part of industrial production so far, such as millet and corn, wheat, or magnet, which already have stronger defenses against climate related challenges. but where breeding is still in its infancy. so i don't want to take anything the table. the challenge is so significant. i don't wanna take chris for technology go, i don't wanna take shifting diets, i don't want to take restoration or we get, it's all of these things. the, you genetically edited crops are labeled g m and therefore heavily regulated. but there's increasing discussion about whether the g m label is still appropriate, or if genome editing should be considered a new breeding method instead of classic genetic manipulation in the us, china and many latin american countries. genome edited crops don't be to be labeled or controlled as g m, and the sector plans to bring several crops to the fields in the coming years. india also decided to ease its regulations this year as highly advanced as genome

editing methods may be conventional breeding will remain as important. neither will be able to make up for the huge burden we currently put on our ecosystems. but they'll probably fill the food gap in the future. and speaking of future needs, our last story takes place here in germany, where there is a struggle to find skilled workers, especially in the tax sector. it's a shortage that will have to be filled via immigration. and often contentious debate in german society as a mari is a software developer who moved from india to germany to work and has faced challenges in the process. lou, the heart of the german hinterland, a year ago a j mariah came here from india and decided to stay language is the main barrier. but if he compared it from other countries than

a fund, those countries good people are good. the only thing is this german thing that language and you have to live in the starting. i was thinking it was repeating, maybe even 3 to 6 months i will be comfortable to speak. and joe and i, it's not an easy thing. it figures to my doctor helped him. he knows both cultures that he himself came to germany to work as a mechanical engineer, decades ago, worked on the one for now he's turned his expertise into a business like helping bring german companies and perspective indian employees together. and providing support for the initial settling in period. and germany is very attractive for foreign software developers like those from south asia on hot here douglas mayer here, you have much more free time. a much higher standard of living in indian when, when you think about it, most companies in india, ross,

or in the big cities and see about if you want to work there, you have to deal with commuting each day for at least an hour and a half to 2 hours will pendleton? i'm glad that's not the case in germany. it's why the quality of life here is much better or dish business. let me put in the kid. my doctor helps job applicants during that 1st few months and the new country when you helped them find housing, accompanies them to german authorities and sometimes just go shopping with them. i would copy i like the 1st food here in german foods that really nice a lot. which meant told me so many things do you need this thing, this thing you can eat this kind of sources. he also help with the board of these kind of sources, bombs themselves. i, j, mariah has only been working in this start up for a few months. he chose to leave the company which his recruiter had originally found for him. he had no problem finding a new employer. the new company creates online

e commerce shops. i am coming. yeah, no bro, i j, mariah boss gave him his own projects shortly after he started. his employer already has experience with indian programmers working remotely and is really happy to have mariah working on site here in germany. on to piano from the house will be with us via we've already tried out a few things, such as commissioning offshore companies in india, the ballpark tom doff wakeman reserves, working with offshore companies, there is tricky english to come, so i am for aunt communication is not exactly easy for them, but see if it was recording quick to put her doing it as being as invalid berkeley, shirt off. emily's, that's why we need to bring employees here to germany, montoya, or find someone in germany who can work for us on site. or since we discussed things as a team or how to your guns feeder dinner, him team off courts, meager of push, pushing more and more indians like i j,

mariah coming to kin gemini recruiting is a growing business programmers and engineers from india seek work in germany the us and canada, europe has an especially good reputation among indians and india has more than enough recent graduates, the largest id starter companies in the work here. and i think we already have a walter 1000 yahoo. com or you recall or somebody with 1000000000 dollar revenue not worth again. so that way the country was doing quite well there, but. busy it still is usa law war quality, 80 gun, but there's still plenty of space in ha marin officer, his boss hopes to hire many more developers. the company is growing. i. j more i has been well received and he dreams of living long term in germany, like his colleague from gonna he wants to bring his family over and sent his children to school. here he has advice for like minded people. it's up to you. oh,

you want to leave her, you want to make you can you give in germany? if you ask anything they will have and that's all for this edition of made in germany. we hope you enjoy the show. i'm so now them allow and see you again here at the same time, next week. take care a ah, [000:00:00;00]

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ah franklin mayo already news with hackers and paralyzing the tire societies. computers that out sure. you and governments that go crazy for your data. we explain how these technologies work, how they can work for, and that's how they can also go terribly. watch it. now on youtube, we've got to understand that globalization works, but he does not reach more than 30 percent of the world population. very simple, not fussy. that's very convenient for the chinese. after all, the port will be for very excuse with the mediterranean, as potomac, kind of great sarcophagus. if anything he was proud of it was to be

a steel worker like his grand parents and his parents. this is his business. do come here for life. well, the winners and losers. globalization, where do we stand? starts january 5th on d, w. ah ah, busy w news live from berlin, consanzo growling over the help of former pope benedict. this 60 pulp. francis has visited his predecessor, asked the faithful for prey. it's full of german born benedict who became the 1st