the world population. very simple. i see that's very convenient for the chinese. often the point would be for their excuse with the mediterranean as become a china grain sarcophagus. if anything he was proud of, it was to be a steel marker, like his grandparents and his parents. this is his business to come home with the winners and losers. where do we stand? starts january 5th on w. ah, ah, ah, ah. the world doesn't lock for complex problems. think of the 1000000 variables involved in tackling climate change. feeding the world are managing finite resources. the point of technology,

at least in part, is to harness the power of science for solving these problems. to day on made in germany, we're talking about how scientific innovations can significantly reshape the global economy, as we know it, which means we're going to hear a lot about want m computing. also coming up, this high flyer is beans. a youngest satellite developer will get to know him later in the show and cutting around a crisis can the crisper gene scissors be used to produce climate resisting crops? finally, we'll look at what draws a young indian programmers to germany. but 1st, we start with quantum computing, using the principles of quantum mechanics to make calculations, to intricate for a conventional computer. the advent of the quantum computer is a powerful fine of just how far a computing has on to the ages. should you wish we can even go as far back as the

abacus is an arithmetic aid in the 15th century or to 1823 when the 1st mechanical computer was invented? in 1843 ada lovelace wrote the 1st computer program. a little under a 100 years later, conrad zeus invented the 1st digital computer 2 years after that i began chief thomas watson famously said he thought there was a world market for maybe 5 computers. he was obviously proven wrong. the commodore 64 ushered in the ear of the personal computer in millions of households in the eighty's. and now the quantum computer. the beginning of a new revolution in computing and the possibilities are endless. quantum technology has the potential to radically change the world of industry. it's a very hot topic. all the countries are after it. nations around the world are investing billions and research good from germany is still catching up here. oh,

for that up. how could quantum technology transform industry and when ah, lavista is a major chemicals firm, but not everyone working in research and development. here is an expert in chemistry to see on google. lean for example, has a ph d in physics. so what's he doing here? to my goal is to make quantum computing methods and advanced conventional methods of computer chemistry available to our simulation experts old who will use them to develop new processes and new materials for cove, astro horse, 22nd one. the idea is that quantum computers can calculate the properties of certain materials before they're developed. that would save money and also help in the search will new materials including ones that are easier to recycle. ah, companies,

investors and researchers are all talking about quantum technology. and there's a lot of public funding available. the german government alone has pledged 2000000000 euros will this view by 2025. so what could quantum technology change in the future? and then classify 4 areas of applications in any quantum communication has lots of potential applications been, but the biggest one is safe data transfer. done the continental o g u. then there's quantum metrology that's a bit underrated, i would say done. and then quantum simulation. and finally, the holy grail is the quantum computer that everyone's talking about, which would offer a whole new approach to solving the problems. so let's go over that again. the loss of quantum mechanics allow information to be transferred worldwide in a way that is ultra secure. common common, got to on the good,

the switch. there are already various quantum communication procedures available to industry for sale and it's used in transfers between banks. for example, while i sold one think how often you make payments with your credit card to it or some other form of communication that has to remain confidential on in future. all that will be done with quantum communication. uncommonly consortium. this technology could pose a problem for crypto currencies. if current progress continues, there, encryption won't stand up to the quantum computers of the future. another application, quantum metrology, misses the father, will to boys in his clunking. so why do i need want a metrology and it basically enables me to revise existing measuring techniques of or so that we can measure things more quickly and precisely including the things that are otherwise easy to measure at august. and i believe this is currently underrated, but it will be a huge market in the future that will be used widely in industry, hold the elf industry along the north bypass the on the norfolk for example,

to improve navigation systems, to align satellites more precisely, to record magnetic fields more precisely, and maybe even brain waves. so huge house for the future. but the right hardware is still needed. the hurdles are enormous. quantum computers are currently 2 error prone. many prototypes will only work at minus $273.00 degrees, and they have to few cubits so they're not powerful enough, but solutions are in the works. he wanted a new stream of modularity because then we can connect different different quantum processes together and make them appear as one big processor. and we have a hypertension to scale quantum computers beyond the $110000.00 cubits processors.

could that work in industry? and if so, when with the computers be ready to quantum, go to a much more you caught napping during the quantum revolution. that would be unwise . yeah, there's unit potential. what a lot of research is still needed is to it's not the case that all we need to know is implement are build things you model is all. there are still questions about what is possible and what isn't cardinal. there's a lot of money being invested, it's going for the roof ripple comedies and getting all that. no one is asleep. we risk missing my boat on and we need to make sure that doesn't happen. we're passing them as, as all possible because the prospects are amazing. the only thing experts disagree on is what can be achieved in the next 1030 or 50 years. well, what we do know is that the quantum revolution is within reach. but even from max planck founder of quantum theory, the journey beyond established newtonian physics wasn't always a comfortable path to take his colleague albert einstein famously said that if

quantum mechanics were correct, then the world would be crazy. but as we're finding out crazy and correct, aren't mutually exclusive. what is a quantum computer? there's plenty to compute in the world of business, such as the best routes for logistics. this can get complicated, especially when hundreds or even thousands of pieces of data change at the same time, whether weight or prices too much, even for big computers, conventional computers work with bits that is with zeroes and ones. but quantum computers use tiny particles called quantum bits or cubits. and they follow completely different rules. they can exist in superposition, that means a cubit can exist in multiple states at once as 10 and all points in between. with quantum computing, the result 1st arises in the measurement which ends the indeterminate state.

imagine a spinning coin, as long as it's rotating, we don't know if it will end up heads or tails. other quantum laws also play a role, such as what physicists call entanglement entanglement. happens when one cubic influences others. these entangled cubits depend on one another. that is, if the state of one cubit is determined by measuring it, this influences the condition of all its entangled partners. the result, a quantum gate can compute many states at the same time. for logisticians, looking for the best route. this means that while a conventional digital computer can calculate the characteristics of every possible route in a sequence, a quantum computer with its cubits in superposition, can compute all routes at once. that is, it can directly compare them. that said,

quantum computers only exist currently as error prone prototypes, which must be cool to minus $270.00 degrees celsius. but research is running it. steam. countries are investing billions in the race to create the 1st usable quantum computer. and the snack story, we meet hoolihan fernandez, who felt his 1st satellite in his bedroom and sent it into space. that's what he was 16 years old now. he has yet to graduate, but he's already working on sending more satellites into orbit to make data transmission cheaper. lift off a suspenseful moment, fully an fernandez. in mid january this year, he and his team watched with trepidation from a dread as the space ex rocket falcon 9 took off from cape canaveral, launching the fruits of months of hard work into space, or the launch was successful and was terrific. suddenly we have 13 satellites and

orbit that they're slightly bigger like this one here. there are further development a will, if you're not putting on fernandez as company fossa is in the center of madrid. it employees 23 young spanish people who construct small satellites. fernandez started 3 years ago when he was still in his mid teens, implement albany, bellanca gone, gone. i launched my 1st satellite into space. when i was 16, it was small about the size of a rubik's cube, picking it up, thing all. and i think this is a replica of it. it's a radio massed in space, somehow a yes, we're not the wrinkle when he got the unit and her thought his plan is to make things better from olive trees to wind turbines. there are senses across our planet . and the data they collect needs to be transferred, but not everywhere has widespread internet coverage with me. so i decided to democratize access to communication routes and to the internet of things via space

. so they may on the left button, he makes it sound simple. that fernandez has always thought vague and has been able to put his vision into action for him or lot, or it was a big step to put my 1st satellite in space at 16 in to collect enough money to funded nancy. i used forums and will master and doctoral thesis to find out everything i needed to know. it was awful if you name austin, if not, i'll. now his employees build the satellites for him. they're all highly skilled. as is the company's co found it who gave up his previous job to dine to business with a teenager. in my work, it's all about trust. and if i believe in the project, then it doesn't matter whether liana is 1720 or 50 years old. i don't like to regret things, and if i hadn't taken this opportunity, i would certainly have regretted it could be on fernandez and his team enjoy the suppose of many other businesses. affordable data transmission is exactly what many

sectors need right now from haulage to energy provision and agriculture. oh yes i'm of course we're still working to consolidate our technologies were involved in pilot projects with different clients. next year we plan to grow the business substantially and deep and in 2024. what we want to have a satellite in space windy, which will provide coverage for the entire globe. glenda in the meantime. fuss as c e o is also determined to keep studying. if they're gonna have him in focus, we, my knowledge is very specific. we're specifically fatal. that's why i need to keep scuttling and located al. only su either, but ha, manse, computation, algebra. these are all things that i still need to learn who at a voice was on go check it out though. yes enough to see them. and it's highly likely that he'll see more of his satellites launched in his face before he graduates. and from space for you, bringing right back down to worth climate change has meant more drought and extreme

heat. to ensure food security scientists are in a race to develop more climate resistant crops. answer chris spurs. genome editing technology. it's possible to change a crops genetic code so that it needs less water and 2020 emmanuel sharp and te and jennifer do not one the 2020 nobel prize and chemistry for the development of the so called chris bird, genetic scissors. but is it safe? we started improving plants by cross breeding. the best variety is the 1st record of humans, selecting ancient grass and wheat date back 10000 years. since then, we've multiplied corn, wheat rice and saw yield by several times and read them to something which would probably be hard to identify for one of the early settlers back then. for example, do you know what this is? today? it looks like this doesn't seem like a close relative does it. in the past,

decades yields have skyrocketed to feed an ever increasing population. we did not stop at just multiplying yields. our excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and the ongoing conversion of sense of ecosystems to crop land have degraded 40 percent of fertile soils globally. what's more, the climate crisis is forecast to reduce harvests. the problem is we actually need to produce more, but without using moreland and more resources is a 50 percent gap between the food produce to day and what we need in 2050 just, just to feed people adequately. if everyone became a vegetarian, we could produce enough sustainably, but that doesn't look like it'll happen any time soon. if we just stick at the current yield rate is always great, is can power sample on the back and move on. and then the only way that we would meet those needs is to expand the agricultural frontier even further. which means

sort of good bye to the remaining natural ecosystems. scientists are designing climate resilient super crops that might produce higher yields and need fewer resources to grow. they want to speed up the process by changing the plants. genetic code with genome editing, such as with rice, drought was major news this summer. it is brutal down there, drought emergency unprecedented droughts, add heat waves, have put, bought a scarcity into shop focus. that's a problem for rice, a thirsty crop used to being soaked. a new breed might help in the future. this variety, i, our 64th, is mostly grown in the global south, but it's eaten worldwide. scientists tweaked it's genes to make it more drought resistant. the new rice uses up to 40 percent less water in some weeks, while the conventional varieties did not survive a week without water in 40 degree, he'd half of the gene edited plants. did. scientists did this by instructing

a naturally occurring gene in the plant to be more powerful. this gene helps reduce the number and size of the plans pores which are responsible for gas and water exchange. fewer and smaller pores meant the plant saved water yields increased, remain the same. the method they used here is called crisper cas 9, also known as genetic scissors or genome editing. it is fundamentally different to traditional genetic modifications or g m technologies. it relies actually on natural processes, but it makes the mutation process much lesser and most g m products contain a synthetic gene or a gene from another organism inserted into the plant or animal of interest insect resistant cotton. and mean, for example, grown widely around the world contain a gene originally found in bacteria. instead of using foreign dna, gene editing makes changes in the characteristics of any organism using the

information present in its own genetic code using special enzymes, working like scissors, we can delete, swap or repeat genes present in the plants dna. it will take many dozens of generation until you have only this one gene transferred by crossing and then often will not be very viable because the would just take too long. so the it gene am editing is really super powerful because it can go and the single gene change it . and block it takes 7 to 15 years to get a crossbred plan with the desired trait. with jean editing just a couple of months, plus a few years of testing globally, gene editing research is speeding up from only a couple of patterns filed in 2011 to about 2000 patents in 2019 by private companies and public researchers. the us, china, and multi nationals are investing heavily in the technology which is expected to

develop into a multi $1000000000.00 market by the end of the decade. it's risky, especially as many new crop varieties are still in the research phase and little data and few risk assessments exist. we can have been have to see what happens in nature. it's all uncertain, and it will be really experimentation. thanks, and we're will be far ahead of the science assigns. we'll have to catch up some experts point to cases of off target genetic changes or cases of deleting much more genetic information than intended. additionally, genes involved in increasing yields, in some type of drought, could decrease yields in wet years. and as there is a large number of genes involved, turning one or 2 genes honor off is mostly not enough here. the less optimized the crop, the easier it is to improve. that's why experts see most potential and quickly developing old varieties that haven't been part of industrial production so far,

such as millet and corn, wheat, or magnet, which already have stronger defenses against climate related challenges. but where breeding is still in its infancy. so i don't want to take anything the table. the challenge is so significant. i don't wanna take crisper technology don't. i don't wanna take shift and diets. i don't want to take restoration, or i guess it's all of these things. the, you genetically edited crops are labeled g m and therefore heavily regulated. but there is increasing discussion about whether the g m label is still appropriate order of genome editing should be considered a new breeding method instead of classic genetic manipulation in the us, china and many latin american countries. genome edited crops don't need to be labeled or controlled as g m. and the sector plans to bring several crops to the fields in the coming years. india also decided to ease its regulations this year as

highly advanced as genome editing methods may be conventional breeding will remain as important. neither will be able to make up for the huge burden we currently put on our ecosystems. but they'll probably fill the food gap in the future. and speaking of future needs, our last story takes place here in germany, where there is a struggle to find skilled workers, especially in the tax sector. it's a shortage that will have to be filled via immigration. and often contentious debate in german society as a mari is a software developer who moved from india to germany to work and has faced challenges in the process. lou, the heart of the german hinterlands. a year ago, a j mariah came here from india and decided to stay language is the main barrier. but if he compared it from other countries,

then i find those countries good. people are good. the only thing is this german thing that language and you have to live in the starting. i was thinking it was repeating, maybe even 3 to 6 months. i will be comfortable to speak and doing i. it's not an easy thing. it figures to my doctor helped him, he knows both coaches that he himself came to germany to work as a mechanical engineer, decades ago, worked on the one for now he's turned his expertise into a business like helping bring german companies and perspective indian employees together. and providing support for the initial settling in period. and germany is very attractive for foreign software developers like those from south asia, on hot here directly mer here, you have much more free time, a much higher standard of living in indian when, when you think about it, most companies in india, ross, or in the big cities when see about,

if you want to work there, you have to deal with commuting each day for at least an hour and a half to 2 hours. will bindle type i glove? that's not the case in germany. it's why the quality of life here is much better or disparate will that be when the full chin. my doctor helps job applicants during their 1st few months in the new country. one who helps them find housing accompanies them to the german authorities. and sometimes just go shopping with them recovery i like the 1st food here in german fulford really nice a lot. which in mental me so many things do you need this thing? this thing you, again, if this kind of sources, he also helped me to what of his kind of sources from some thoughts i, j, mariah has only been working in this start up for a few months. he chose to leave the company which his recruiter had originally found for him. he had no problem finding a new employer as the new company creates online

e commerce shops. i am currently not okay. j, mariah his boss gave him his own projects shortly after he started. his employer already has experience with indian programmers working remotely and is really happy to have mariah working on site here in germany. on to piano from the house with us we. we've already tried out a few things, such as commissioning offshore companies in india, the ballpark tom dol wakeman movers, working with offshore companies, there is tricking this gun, so i'm for on to communication is not exactly easy form was if it was we couldn't work to been hurting as being as invalid rickly shirt off on movies. that's why we need to bring employees here to germany, montoya, or find someone in germany who can work for us on site. or since we discuss things as a team or how chickens feeder him, team off quotes, meager of push, pushing more and more indians like ha, mariah coming to work in germany. recruiting is

a growing business programmers and engineers from india seek work in germany. the u . s. and canada, europe has an especially good reputation among indians and india has more than enough recent graduates in the last years to id start up companies in the were here . and i think we already have about the 1000, the only cause you recall the somebody with $1000000000.00 revenue got worse again . so that way the company was doing quite rare there but. busy the stone assures up law weren't quality id them, but there's still plenty of space in ha, mariah officer, his boss hopes to hire many more developers. the company is growing. i. j, mariah has been well received and he dreams of living long term in germany. like his colleague from garner, he wants to bring his family over and sent his children to school. here, he has advice for like minded people. it's a blue how you want to leave it,

how you want me to come to get us in germany. if you ask anything they will have and that's all for this edition of made in germany. we hope you enjoy the show. i'm so now of them allow and see you again here at the same time, next week. take care. a, a, a ah, with

a into the conflict. the conflict in ukraine is only one of the was vladimir putin is fighting hooton's . chief target in russia has been a volley my guess this week or next sarlin london is one of the valleys associate lab, email, a shortcut. the group is made me and shaming thousands of officials supporting the

whole ukraine. but how far will that dent hooton's power conflict zone in he minutes on d. w? look at me affectionately as affectionately as you can. oh, vladimir putin in the middle of his election campaign. did you turn the camera back on? in the year 2000 a documentary secretly chronicled a power grab vladimir. if that image did the ends justify the means. pollutants, witnesses in 75 minutes on d w. imagine how many portion of love us heard out in the world right now. the climate change. if any, off the story, this is much less the way from just one week. how much was going to really get we still have time to go. i'm going all

with 5th. subscribe along with the question of questions about the life, the universe and everything he knew the answer. well, then give it here for he to the answer to almost everything. our documentary series with clever racing and groundbreaking questions keep going to the after life. dumber and dumber how can we feed everyone. 2 questions for the present future and heads filled with ideas. 2 been when we learned something, the hardware and software of our brain changes. so get ready for the brain up to

40 to the answer to almost everything. starts january 15 on d double you. ah ah ah, this is day w, news alive from berlin. the u. s. imposes need coverage 19 restrictions on visitors from china. from january travelers will need to show a negative test before being allowed in the country. washington says by ging isn't sharing enough information about searching infection. also coming up next to this from the labor.