oh, universe and everything. no, the answer. roman didn't hear the answer to almost everything documentary series with crazy ground breaking questions. can we go and after life? i how can we every 140 to answer to almost everything starts january 15th on d w. ah ah ah, ah, ah, the world doesn't lock for complex problems. think of the 1000000 variables

involved in tackling climate change, feeding the world, or managing finite resources. the point of technology, at least in part, is to harness the power of science for solving these problems. to day on made in germany, we're talking about how scientific innovations can significantly reshape the global economy, as we know it, which means we're going to hear a lot about want m computing. also coming up, this high fire is beans. a youngest satellite developer will get to know him later in the show and cutting around a crisis can the crisper gene scissors be used to produce climate resisting crops? finally, look out what draws a young indian programmers to germany. but 1st, we start with quantum computing. using the principles of quantum mechanics to make calculations, to intricate for a conventional computer. the advent of the quad,

i'm computer is a powerful fine of just how far a computing has come through the ages. should you wish we can even go as far back as the abacus and arithmetic aid in the 15th century, or 2? 1823 when the 1st mechanical computer was invented? in 1843 ada lovelace wrote the 1st computer program. a little under a 100 years later conrad zeus, it invented the 1st a digital computer. 2 years after that, i began chief thomas watson famously said he thought there was a world market for maybe 5 computers. he was obviously proven wrong. the commodore 64 ushered in the ear of the personal computer in millions of households in the eighty's. and now the quantum computer. the beginning of a new revolution in computing and the possibilities are endless. quantum technology has the potential to radically change the world of industry. it's a very hot topic. all the countries are after nations around the world are investing

billions and research good from germany is still catching up here. all pull that up . how could quantum technology transform industry? and when i got this term is a major chemicals firm, but not everyone working in research and development. here is an expert in chemistry tissue on google dean for example. it has a ph. d in physics. so what's he doing here? to my goal is to make quantum computing methods and advanced conventional methods of computer chemistry available to our simulation experts or who will use them to develop new processes and new materials for cove, astro horse, 21. the idea is that quantum computers can calculate the properties of certain materials before they're developed. that would save money and also help in the search for new materials,

including ones that are easier to recycle. ah, companies, investors and researchers are all talking about quantum technology. and there's a lot of public funding available. the german government alone has pledged 2000000 euros willis, few by 2025. so what could quantum technology change in the future? and then you would classify 4 areas of application linearly. quantum communication has lots of potential applications been, but the biggest one is safe data transfer done. he caught middle of you. so then there's quantum metrology that's a bit underrated, i would say done then quantum simulation. and finally, the holy grail that the quantum computer that everyone's talking about, which would offer a whole new approach to solving the problems. so let's go over that again. the laws of quantum mechanics allow information to be transferred worldwide in

a way that is ultra secure. common common, got to on the good, the sushi there are already various quantum communication procedures available to industry for sale and it's used in transfers between banks. for example, we realize only one think how often you make payments with your credit cards or some other form of communication that has to remain confidential in future. all that will be done with quantum communication. modern commonly consortium. this technology could cause a problem for crypto currencies. if current progress continues there, encryption when stand up to the quantum computers of the future. another application, quantum metrology, this is the father, will to broaden his clunking. so why do i need one to metrology and it basically enables me to redefine existing measuring techniques of or so that we can measure things more quickly and precisely including the things that aren't otherwise easy to measure at august. and i believe this is currently underrated, but it will be a huge market in the future that will be used widely,

an industry called dell for the industry along the north bypass the on the know fitbit, for example, to improve navigation systems, to align satellites more precisely to record magnetic fields more precisely, and maybe even brain waves. so huge hopes for the future. but the right hardware is still needed. the hurdles are enormous. quantum computers are currently 2 error prone. many prototypes will only work at minus $273.00 degrees. and they have to few cubits so they're not powerful enough, but solutions are in the works. he wanted a new stream of modularity, because then we can connect different different quantum processes together and make them appear as one big processor. and we have a hypertension to scared quantum computers beyond the $110000.00 cubits processors

. could that work in industry? and if so, when would the computers be ready? be quantum over to a much more you caught napping during the quantum revolution. that would be unwise . yeah, there's units potential. what a lot of research is still needed is to it. it's not the case that all we need to know is implemented. build things. your model is all there is still questions about what is possible and what isn't cardinal. there's a lot of money being invested. it's going for the roof ripple comedies and getting what no one is asleep. we risk missing my boat on and we need to make sure that doesn't happen for passing them is not all possible the bus. the prospects are amazing. the only thing experts disagree on is what can be achieved in the next 1030 or 50 years. well, what we do know is that the quantum revolution is within reach, but even for max planck founder of quantum theory, the journey beyond established newtonian physics wasn't always

a comfortable path to take his colleague albert einstein famously said that if quantum mechanics were correct and the world would be crazy, but as we're finding out crazy and correct, aren't mutually exclusive. what is a quantum computer? there's plenty to compute in the world of business, such as the best routes for logistics. this can get complicated, especially when hundreds or even thousands of pieces of data change at the same time, whether weight or prices too much, even for big computers, conventional computers work with bits that is with zeroes and ones. but quantum computers use tiny particles called quantum bits or cubits. and they follow completely different rules. they can exist in superposition, that means a cubit can exist in multiple states at once as 10 and all points in between.

with quantum computing, the result 1st arises in the measurement which ends the indeterminate state. imagine a spinning coin, as long as it's rotating, we don't know if it will end up heads or tails. other quantum laws also play a role, such as what physicists call entanglement entanglement. happens when one cubic influences others. these entangled cubits depend on one another. that is, if the state of one cubit is determined by measuring it, this influences the condition of all its entangled partners. the result, a quantum gate can compute many states at the same time. for logisticians, looking for the best route. this means that while a conventional digital computer can calculate the characteristics of every possible route in a sequence, a quantum computer with its cubits in superposition, can compute all routes at once. that is, it can directly compare them. that said,

quantum computers only exist currently as error prone prototypes, which must be cool to minus $270.00 degrees celsius. but research is running it. steam. countries are investing billions in the race to create the 1st usable quantum computer. in the snack story, we meet hoolihan fernandez, who felt his 1st satellite in his bedroom and sent it into space. that's what he was 16 years old now. he has got to graduate, but he's already working on sending more satellites into orbit to make data transmission cheaper. lift off a suspenseful moment fully on fernandez. in mid january this year, he and his team watched with trepidation from a dread as the space ex rocket falcon 9 took off from cape canaveral, launching the fruits of months of hard work into space or the launch was successful

. there was terrific suddenly we have 13 satellites and orbit that they're slightly bigger like this one here. there are further development a will, if you're not putting on fernandez as company fossa is in the center of madrid. it employs 23 young spanish people who construct small satellites, fernandez, started 3 years ago when he was still in his mid teens. and we went hub any day long. thank. on going i launched my 1st satellite into space. when i was 16, it was small about the size of a rubik's cube, picking it up, thing all. and i think this is a replica of it. it's a radio matched in space. somehow. a yes, we're not really going got the unit and her thought his plan is to make things better from olive trees to wind turbines. there are senses across our planet, and the data they collect needs to be transferred, but not everywhere. has widespread internet coverage with me. so i decided to

democratize access to communication routes into the internet of things via space. so they may be on the list. he makes it sound simple. that's hernandez has always thought, think and has been able to put his vision into action group or laurel. it was a big step to put my 1st satellite in space at 16 in to collect enough money to funded dunphy. i used forums and will master and doctoral thesis to find out everything i needed to know. it was awful if you name austin, if you know. now his employees build the satellites full him. they're all highly skilled as, as the company's co founder who gave up his previous job to going to business with a teenager. you know, my, what it's all about trusting if i believe in the project, then it doesn't matter whether william is 1720 or 50 years old. i don't like to regret things. and if i hadn't taken this opportunity, i would certainly have regretted it clearly on fernandez and his team enjoy the

suppose of many other businesses. affordable data transmission is exactly what many sectors need right now from haulage to energy provision and agriculture. oh yes i'm of course we're still working to consolidate our technologies. we're involved in pilot projects with different clients. next year we plan to grow the business substantially and deep and in 2024. what we want to have a satellite in space, and which will provide coverage for the entire globe blenny that in the meantime, fos, as c e o is also determined to keep studying. if they were one of him in bookcase we, my knowledge is very specific. williams pontifical, fatal. that's why i need to keep studying located on here. see that the ha, maths computation, algebra. these are all things that i still need to learn who had a voice was on go check it though. yeah, dian with his he them and it's highly likely that he'll see more of his satellites launched into space before he graduates and from space

for bringing right back down to worth climate change has meant more drought and extreme heat to ensure food security science has sorry, race to develop more climate resistant crops, enter chris spurs. genome editing technology. it's possible to change a crops genetic code so that it needs less water and 2020 emmanuel sharpen t. and jennifer do not one the 2020 nobel prize and chemistry for the development of the so called crisper genetic scissors. but is it safe? we started improving plants by cross breeding. the best variety is the 1st records of human, selecting ancient grass and wheat date back 10000 years. since then, we've multiplied corn, wheat, rice, and so yields by several times and read them to something which would probably be hard to identify for one of the early settlers back then. for example, do you know what this is? today?

it looks like this doesn't seem like a close relative does it. in the past, decades yields have skyrocketed to feed an ever increasing population. we did not stop at just multiplying yields. our excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and the ongoing conversion of sense of ecosystems to crop land have degraded 40 percent of fertile soils globally. what's more, the climate crisis is forecast to reduce harvests. the problem is we actually need to produce more, but without using moreland and more resources is a 50 percent gap between the food produce to day and what we need in 2050 just, just to feed people adequately. if everyone became a vegetarian, we could produce enough sustainably, but that doesn't look like it'll happen anytime soon. if we just stick at the current yield rate to say was great, is can our sample on the back and move on? and then the only way that we would meet those needs is to expand the agricultural

frontier even further. which means sort of good bye to the remaining natural ecosystems. scientists are designing clay resilient super crops that might produce higher yields and need fewer resources to grow. they want to speed up the process by changing the plants. genetic code with genome editing, such as with rice, drought was major news this summer. it is brutal down there, drought emergency unprecedented droughts and hate waves have put, bought a scarcity into shop focus. that's a problem for rise of thirsty crop used to being soaked. a new breed might help in the future. this variety i r 64 is mostly grown in the global south, but it's eaten worldwide. scientists tweaked it's genes to make it more drought resistant. the new rise uses up to 40 percent less water in some weeks, while the conventional varieties did not survive a week without water in 40 degree heat,

half of the gene edited plants did. scientists did this by instructing a naturally occurring gene in the plant to be more powerful. this gene helps reduce the number and size of the plans pores which are responsible for gas and water exchange. fewer and smaller pores meant the plant saved water yields increased or remain the same. the method they used here is called crisper cash 9, also known as genetic scissors or genome editing. it is fundamentally different to traditional genetic modifications or gm technologies. it relies actually on natural processes, but it makes the mutation process much lesser and most g m products contain a synthetic gene or a gene from another organism inserted into the plant or animal of interest insect resistant cotton and made for example, grown widely around the world contain a gene originally found in bacteria. instead of using foreign dna,

gene editing makes changes in the characteristics of any organism using the information present in its own genetic code. using special signs, working like scissors, we can delete, swap or repeat chines, present in the plants dna. it will take many dozens of generation until you have only this one gene transferred by crossing and then often will not be very viable because the would just take too long. so the it genome editing is really super powerful because it can go and the single gene change it and boil up. it takes 7 to 15 years to get across bread plant with the desired trait, with gene editing just a couple of months, plus a few years of testing. globally, gene editing research is speeding up from only a couple of patterns filed in 2011 to about 2000 patents in 2019 by private companies and public researchers. the us, china,

and multi nationals are investing heavily in the technology which is expected to develop into a multi $1000000000.00 market by the end of the decade. it's risky, especially as many new crop varieties are still in the research phase and little data and few risk assessments exist. we can have been have to see what happens in nature. it's all uncertain, and it will be really experimentation fact as well. we'll be far ahead of assign, assigned to have to catch up some experts point to cases of off target genetic changes or cases of deleting much more genetic information than intended. additionally, genes involved in increasing yields, in some type of drought, could decrease yields in wet years. and as there is a large number of genes involved, turning one or 2 genes honor off is mostly not enough here. the less optimized the crop, the easier it is to improve. that's why experts he most potential in quickly developing

old varieties that haven't been part of industrial production so far, such as millet and corn, wheat, or magnet, which already have stronger defenses against climate related challenges. but where breeding is still in its infancy. so i don't want to take anything at the table. the challenge is so significant. i don't wanna take chris for technology don't. i don't wanna take shifting diets. i don't want to take restoration will reduce you. it's all of these things. the, you genetically edited crops are labeled g m and therefore heavily regulated. but there's increasing discussion about whether the g m label is still appropriate. or if genome editing should be considered a new breeding method, instead of classic genetic manipulation in the us, china, and many latin american countries. genome edited crops don't be to be labeled or controlled as g m. and the sector plans to bring several crops to the fields in the coming years. india also decided to ease its regulations this year as highly

advanced as genome editing methods may be conventional breeding will remain as important. neither will be able to make up for the huge burden we currently put on our ecosystems. but they'll probably fill the food gap in the future. and speaking of future needs, our last story takes place here in germany, where there is a struggle to find skilled workers, especially in the tax sector. it's a shortage that will have to be filled via immigration and often contentious debate in german society. as a mari is a software developer who moved from india to germany to work and has faced challenges in the process. lou, the heart of the german hinterland, a year ago, a j mariah came here from india and decided to stay language is the main barrier. but if he compare it from other countries,

then i find those countries good. people are good. the only thing is this german thing, the language and you have to live in the starting. i was thinking it was revealing maybe even 3 to 6 months, i will be comfortable to speak. and joe, and i, it's not an easy thing. it figures to my doctor helped him. he knows both coaches that he himself came to germany to work as a mechanical engineer, decades ago, worked on the one for now he's turned his expertise into a business like helping bring german companies and perspective indian employees together and providing support for the initial settling in period and germany is very attractive for foreign software developers like those from south asia on hot here douglas mayer here, you have much more free time. a much higher standard of living in indian when,

when you think about it, most companies in india, ross, are in the big cities and see about if you want to work there, you have to deal with commuting each day for at least an hour and a half to 2 hours will pendleton? i'm glad that's not the case in germany. it's why the quality of life here is much better or dish business. will that be me getting the full kid? my doctor helps job applicants during their 1st few months and the new country. what helps them find housing accompanies them to the german authorities and sometimes just go shopping with them. i would be i like the 1st food here in german fulford really nice a lot. which meant told me so many things do you need this thing? this thing you can eat these kind of sources. he also help with the board of these kind of sources from some solve i. j, mariah has only been working in this start up for a few months. he chose to leave the company which his recruiter had originally found for him. he had no problem finding

a new employer as the new company creates online e commerce shops. i am currently. yeah, no from hi j, mariah his boss gave him his own projects shortly after he started. his employer already has experience with indian programmers working remotely and is really happy to have mariah working on site here in germany. on to piano from the house with us . we, we've already tried out a few things, such as commissioning offshore companies in india, the ballpark tom dol movers. working with offshore companies, there is tricking this gun, so i'm for on to communication is not exactly easy form, but see if it was recording quick to pin or doing what as being as invalid brooklyn shirt off. and that's why we need to bring employees here to germany, montoya, or find someone in germany who can work for us on site. or since we discuss things as a team or how to your guns feeder dinner, him team off quotes, meager of push,

pushing more and more indians like i, j, mariah coming to work in germany. recruiting is a growing business programmers and engineers from india seek work in germany. the us and canada. europe has an especially good reputation among indians and india has more than enough recent graduates. a id stock company in the work here. and i think we already have about a 1000 newly gone unicorn or somebody with 1000000000 dollar revenue do not work again so that we have the company who's doing quite where they are. but. busy that is done as yours up law, war quality id. but there's still plenty of space in ha marin officer, his boss hopes to hire many more developers. the company is growing. i. j more i has been well received and he dreams of living long term in germany, like his colleague from garner, he wants to bring his family over and sent his children to school. here he has

advice for like minded people. it's a clue how you want to leave it, how you want to make your communications in germany. if you ask anything they will have and that's all for this edition of made in germany. we hope you enjoy the show. i'm janelle, dom allow and see you again here at the same time, next week. take care. ah ah, with

who she's ukraine's 1st female train operator victoria coach. this has always been her dream job, but just a few years ago, getting it was unthinkable. discriminatory regulations prevented ukrainian women

from working in traditionally male professionals about the war has changed. everything about them, focus on europe in minutes on the w into the conflict zone. the conflict in ukraine is only one of the was vladimir putin is fighting. who didn't chief target in russia has been like, say, the bombing, my guess this week or next island london is one of the valleys associate, la ashok on the group is made me and shaming thousands of officials supporting the ukraine for how far will that dent routines power conflict zone, 90 minutes on d w. oh. hello guys. this is the 77 percent. the platform for

africa. you beat issues and share ideas you know, or this channel. we are not afraid to happen. delicate because population is growing . and young people clearly have the solution. the future belongs to the 77 percent. every weekend on d w. will you become a criminal, a ready? no. with hackers? paralyzing your societies. computers that are some are you and governments that go crazy for your data. we explain how these technologies work,

how they can go in for, and that's how they can also go terribly. watch it now on. ah ah ah, this is dw news lie from burly in hong kong, joins china. egypt pandemic restrictions, including welcome that arriving visitors without pc your test showing their covert free. but going the other way, hong kong ers and chinese citizens will need test.