yeah, well i mean, obviously this is momentous because the state of the state of play in the vatican for the last 10 years has been extremely, extremely unusual to pokes one, which i mean, obviously no longer the boat. but nonetheless, even if he didn't hold the official authority, he still held a lot of the moral and religious and the religious authority. i mean, in the sense that he was still being seen as a very important fear. one of the main figures, if not along with friends, is what this means is that the vatican is now trying to figure out. as for us, we understand what kind of protocols are going to be followed. most of the things that would be normally followed. so there is the fisherman's ring, which is the papal ring, which is normally destroyed once the boat dies, it will not happen obviously because the pope so sorry, the pope ameritas did not have the ring anymore. once you actually lift the policy, the ring was taken from him, it was actually defaced, actually to 2 lines are cut across its face. so there are

a lot of things that have to do with say, the protocol that are no longer no longer, no longer apply. and what was like, life for the former pontiff in his final years as former pontiff did he play any sort of role in leadership in the church? i think it's really quite interesting and quite curious in a sense that he left leave de la life of seclusion. if not, he was not cloistered, but he was certainly spending most of his days reading and praying and writing. but at the same time, i mean both francis was often visiting him and it was made very clear that he still held sort of, you know, a permanent permanent place in understanding the way that the church was to be sort of its moral guidance. and it's really just guidance in a way to became an elder statesman for the vatican. this was very unusual with sitting pope in place. absolutely. ok, martin gac, thanks so much for that time. now. it perhaps take a moment to look back at the life of the former pope.

some teachers square in rome, april 2005. got it. the name that's in get it. joseph rat, singer is elected pope benedict. the 60 yoda cardinelli. under the law cardinals. have chosen me a simple and humble worker in the vineyard of the lord to signor. the new polk from germany will make history, but leave a troublesome legacy. joseph rat, singer was born in bavaria in 1927. he was the youngest child of a strictly religious family. he studied and then taught theology, and he ascended the hierarchy of the catholic church. in 1977, he was appointed archbishop of munich. shortly afterwards, he was made a cardinal. then pope john paul, the 2nd,

brought him to the vatican where he was made prefect of the influential congregation for the doctrine of the faith. and when john paul died in 2005 rattling and became his successor, the new pope had a reputation for being quiet, modest and an arch conservative. he was also an intellectual and was not a man of grand gestures like his predecessor was even so his 1st trip to world youth day in germany was deemed a success. hundreds of thousands came to cheer him as pope, he saw himself as the guardian of the faith of the catholic church and was a strict advocate of celibacy. he criticized the recognition of same sex relationships and condemned doctors who performed abortions. ready bennett, exhort dialogue with other religions seeking contact with the leader of the christian orthodox churches. he or say tried to improve relations with islam and

judaism. but there were also setbacks. for example, when he brought the controversial society a st. tires back into the church, even though some of its leaders were anti c mites and holocaust deniers. but it was the child abuse scandals in the church that cost the dog shadow benedict bon ticket . more and more cases involving catholic clergy came to light in more and more countries. the pope spoke of his shame and he promised transparency. but his critics said he didn't do enough. years later, the scandal was to catch up with him again. at the beginning of 2013 benedict received some cardinals in rome. it was a routine meeting that became highly controversial because the pope declared he was stepping down at nab him sung to pay to go to steer this church. this ship of peter proclaimed the gospel. this strength of body and spirit are necessary,

who drank, has diminished in me in recent months to such an extent that i must recognize my inability to continues to carry out probably the ministry and trusted to me. the news provoked surprise and dismay in more than 600 years, no, pope had resigned his own volition. there was plenty of sympathy, though, and hundreds of thousands of people came to benedict's last. audiences took benedict left office on february the 28th 2013 a few weeks later. and there was an image for the history books to pope's standing side by side. the ameritas benedict promised obedience to his successor pope frances. in the years that followed, benedict rarely showed himself in public but

at the beginning of 2022, the report of the new inquiry into the abuse scandal in germany was published. it incriminated benedict, the 16th. during his time as archbishop, he is said to have accepted a priest. although it was known that the man had abused children on multiple occasions. benedict had his private secretary read out a letter in which he rejected any personal guilt and offered an apology to cindy me . o me couldn't come to the unquote own ass. on other occasions, i can only express once again, my deep shade of my great pain, and my sincere apologies to all victims of sexual abuse yogurt under to laura de la mia. since she had a demand that the fair dorna benedict critics said he was shirking his responsibility. the ameritas pope himself wrote in one of his last letters that he would soon appear before the eternal judge table and was confident that he would be

forgiven. and we're going to bring you now straight to rome to our correspondent jack parrot was standing by jack, what is the situation there at the vatican? what we're seeing now, just in the last half an hour or so, a few more people starting to arrive, dinah st. peter's square, probably a few more than that has been over the last few days. but this has been a couple of days now where the vatican and indeed roman catholic, faithful, happy braced for the news that we got this morning from the holy c press office that told us that with sorrow they said hope ameritas benedict had died at 934 this morning in the matter ecclesial monastery within the vatican where he's been living ever since. he resigned his position that this was relatively expected in the sense that po frances on wednesday during a generally general general audience. i asked the people that to pray for the

former pope who he said was very sick. in the following days, we've had a note side of african saying that his condition had stabilized that he was awake and lucy's. but as i say, it appears that the form of hope died this morning. and jack, you've been talking to people there. you can see what their faces look like. what would you describe the mood is being a. well, it's a, it's a very peculiar, an interesting situation. this he gave up that position in 2013 due to ailing health than he is 95. so i think there's a sense of sorrow, but also a sense of understanding. i've spoken to many people over the last few days. people from ireland, whose fame, people from all over the world who had come on the news of him falling ill. when pope francis said that he was very sick back on wednesday and arrived just to be here for this moment and many of them will be here at saint peter's square and will remain so probably over the next few days. it's important to say that while po

francis enjoys popularity within the catholic, the believe is of the catholic faith here sort of progressive version of the papacy wasn't as fe brought as favorable to some people as the more traditional, more conservative papacy that was held by his predecessor, pope benedict. so there are still many catholics who are very much in favor and really very, very fond of the former pope. but jack, can you tell us a little bit more about, i don't know if it's, if it's a tension between the 2 men, but certainly a difference of opinion, talent. tell me about that relationship. yeah, i mean, it's a peculiar kink in history to have 2 popes at any time both alive. normally the job of the pope is for life and the job ends when not when not, polk dies. this has been a very sort of interesting part of a decade where the 2 of them, as i say there was this sort of progressive more open,

much more so scaled back and reserved and austere, perhaps sense of hope, francis, where pope po benedict had this sort of quite traditional set of views around the catholic church. that was very perhaps in conflict with the views of his successor . but it is understood that the 2 men did while they dis on things had a lot of respect for each other. and the at c. polk francis to go and visit the monastery where pope benedicts was living on multiple occasions and that they were in contact with one another. that isn't to say the pope and that it didn't write. 2 openly, that pretty much criticizing or going against some of the things that poke francis was, was doing and saying, and certainly that we'll report that was a fatty leaf that came out of a sort of leak of documents that came out in 2012, which appeared to suggest that there was some division amongst the cardinals between the former and the sitting hope as well. so this is a really strange and unprecedented situation. this,

this gone on over the last sort of decade. but now is as we and i to 20 to this period of history ends and poke francis now, is the only polt alive at jack just just briefly, if you don't mind, what can we expect to happen in terms of ceremony and saying good bye to the pope ameritas in the next few days we've heard from the vast compress office that the body of pope benedict will be laying in state from monday in st. peter's. so that the, the catholic faith, the members of the catholic faith, are able to come and pay that final respects to him. usually a funeral would happen about 7 days away from now, but they have told us that we will have more infinite information about the funeral arrangements later on today. nick. okay, jack park in room for us. thanks so much. and to recap our top story, if you just tuning in a spokesman for the vatican has announced that the former pope benedict the 16th

has died. we're showing you live pictures of saint peter's square. the vatican spokesman said he passed away at his residence in the vatican. monastery just after 930 this morning. benedict had been living in relative seclusion at the monastery ever since he stepped down in 2013. the current pontiff, pope francis visited benedict at his home earlier this week and said he was very ill and urged people to pray for him. the vatican had confirmed that benedict condition had worsened due to deterioration from advancing age. pope benedict was the 1st german pope in almost 500 years. he was all so the 1st pope in modern times to voluntarily step down his body as expected to be displayed as we just heard on monday morning at saint peter's basilica, to allow the faithful to pay their respects. and when to come back to our religious affairs correspondent martin guy, can you tell our viewers and me

a little more about the ideas and the work of the pope, an artist. i think that the pope eric responded points out. i mean this pope will be remembered probably as a fairly conservative pope. i would not say that the most conservative vote but certainly a conservative pope. what is very interesting mode about benedict is that as a younger priest, i mean around the sixty's, he actually was a very liberal man who actually was a very strong proponent of the 2nd vatican council, which was actually the big reform of the church in which the church really became, to some degree, i think we can say democratize in the sense that, you know, we began to see like the spread of like masses in binocular languages and so on. this change around the time that the very 68, the very 68 sort of a cultural relation came into play in which he began to see a lot of fixes is coming from progressivism. and he retreated back to a position that became in the long run, much more conservative. i think that the policy itself is one that mainly will be

remembered as a much less engage from a better point of view. i mean that the church was much more distance from the views that would be today and there francis and i think that he showed essentially an capacity for a very long period of time to deal with what became the most salient issue over the last sort of 3 decades or 5 decades of church life, which is 6 sexual abuse. i think he, in fact confessed, or i declared that he had some trouble as a manager that he was more of an intellectual at during his time as polk author of more than 60 books, actually a professor of theology who taught at various universities and then becoming in 1081, the prefect of the congregation for the doctrine of the faith. so kind of the doctrinal watchdog. yes. i mean, the congregation for the turn of the faith is essentially the inheritor of the. it's actually the same office holding position that became this office and

essentially it's an office or it's a, it's a, it's a congregation that is in charge of revising the relation between practice and doctrine. making sure that people are following doctrine. what is interesting about it is that she became really an expression of the church, essentially trying to hold on to its old values and old claims in 2001 right singer than still right singer became became basically the person that convinced john paul the 2nd to move gaze of sexual abuse from the day offices to the vatican's and he was the one who oversaw this. so in a sense, i think that is the men blearily came from an intellectual sort of background. he was a writer, he was a researcher, he was a professor and they think that this translated into administrative practices that were not necessarily very effective. the fact, however, is that he did come into this phase of powers. he himself or somebody that could solve this issues. i think that ultimately we can not say that he,

that he succeeded at that. and you were telling me a little bit before we went on air about his ecumenical outreaches and also relativism. yes, i mean, so this is a man that clearly had, i mean, as i was pointing out, clearly had very strong sense of the importance of the mug. replacing the church and bringing people in and hearing multiplicity of views. but i think that he also realized very quickly that there was a limit to that and it had a lot to do. i mean, from an intellectual point of view with 80 of truth, people believed that there was no, i mean with this something that we saw increasingly since the sixty's idea, the truth was something blah say that there was no longer truth, that there were many truth different people had different truth and this was completely antithetical to his position. idea was that in fact, there was truth. the truth had been actually made present in the flesh of men and so on and so forth. in theological terms, this essentially which might sound very abstract meant very, very strong, political and ideological battle. it sounds very relevant almost to day when people

speak of the post truth world and i hurry moves, i fax, your fax. yes. so this was a man who had absolutely no time for sort of many different facts on the same matter. so he was happy with having. i think that the point is that he was happy to see people with different opinions, but he did not believe that people had the right to their own facts. and they think that this is an important intuition that carried into the way in which he understood the church. the church was here not to basically simply bring different truths into the fold, but really help people with different opinions come closer to the truth. because this is how the church understood happiness and the good life to be an obviously, i mean in the current, political and ideological climate specially in the west. this provoked a lot of conflict. i mean, this was bound to happen. i think that what we saw is that in the process of establishing that kind of idea, he lost a lot of people along the way. and as the church began to lose moral authority because of sexual abuse scandals, because of their body can bank scandal in which norco trafficking money and mafia

manny was found and, and so on and so forth. people began to think, well, maybe there isa truth, but perhaps the vatican under this bob is not the best best in the best position to actually bring that about. and we have one more time for one more question before we go to another guest who is joining us from rome. and what do you think this pope will be remembered for in a 100 years time? i think i must say, i think the spoke will be remembered for the massive sexual abuse scandals across the globe. and essentially a very timid approach to actually trying to solve it and the re address what were massive, massive crimes committed at a global scale. it's. it's sad to say because i think that there are very positive things that really were bush and attempted, but i think that those things bailing comparison to the scale of what the sexual abuse scandal is and has been. katy debuse religious affairs correspondent martin got. thank you for those insights and we

return to rome to speak with author and journalist philip will philip, can you tell us what are the next steps in this situation? quite unusual for the catholic church when the body of the narrative, meritus will lion state in st. peter's basilica from monday, and it's expected that his junior will take place within the space of about a week. the vatican does have to reinvent the procedures for the funeral, a burial of a, a meritus because clearly this has not happened for 600 years. the assumption is that he will be saluted in a manner the 15. now clearly things will be slightly different because this is

not a rainy day, but it has been in retirement for 10 years. so clearly they will model the procedures on what would happen in the case of the death of a rainbow, but things will be slightly different. and of course, we will have already raining in charge of celebrating the funeral for his previous essay. again, without precedent. absolutely extraordinary. i think our viewers were just looking briefly at some pictures of the former pope's home town will be joining our correspondent there in the hours to come. let me come back to mr owen with another question. former pope benedict became the 1st pope to resign and 600 years. what in your opinion, do you think he will be remembered for? well, that resignation is probably what most people will remember him or in his case, it was

a particularly painful choice. because as we mentioned, he was a very conservative theologian and clearly came from a wing at the church which would tend to believe that the. ready is for life, there's no possibility of resigning. and i think many of his conservatives supporters were very taken aback when he did announce his resignation . and i think probably he himself would have wrestled with that problem knowing that it's not the kind of thing that people expected from him and not the kind of thing that he would naturally have approved of himself. but the problem of the church at that time, the scandals that were laughing around because we're really just too much for him. i think from the point of view of his physical or it. but also,

i think from point of view of its mental strengths, it wasn't someone who was as strong as a domineering leader who relished to fight. he was someone who liked quiet study and intellectual pursuits. i think he was very realistic and recognizing that the problems were such and his strengths were so diminished and he simply couldn't at that point, could. could you help us, mr. well, and understand what his mindset must have been when he decided to resign, what kind of charges were being laid against him with regards to sexual abuse, scandal, inaction. what were, what were the specific things that he might have been hearing that might have pushed him to make that decision? well, i think the, the period leading up to his election as had already shown

that this hidden scandal of sex abuse by priests throughout the world was coming to the for increasingly being exposed in the breast. and i think and benedict as colonel. joseph beretta has already started trying to deal with this problem on the 2nd, but both john pool. finally given his experience a comment as it was not very sensitive to the subject. and that when he resigned and spoke himself, there was a feeling that the vatican was riven by feuding factions that were financial scandals involving the back and bank and feeling that there was a state of chaos and anarchy within the church. and that really was just too

much for benedict. has he recognized in 2013 and i think it was an act of humility and realism when he issued his statement that he was stepping down from the papacy. ok, our author and journalist for women in rome, thanks so much for those insights. to recap our top story now. a spokesman for the vatican has announced that the former pope benedict the 16th has died. we're showing you live pictures of saint peter's square. asked the vatican. the spokesman said he passed away at his residence in a vatican monastery just after 930 this morning. benedict had been living in relative seclusion at the monastery ever since he stepped down in 2013. the current pontiff, pope francis visited benedict at his home earlier this week and said he was very

ill and urged people to pray for him. about it can had confirmed that benedict condition had worse and due to deterioration from advancing age hope. benedict was the 1st german pope and almost 500 years. he was the 1st pope in modern times to voluntarily step down. his body is expected to be displayed from monday in the st. peter's basilica in rome to allow the faithful to pay their respects and that things and then to our special programming on the passing of meredith bennett, the 16th, don't forget, you can always get the w news on the go. just download our app from google play or the apple app store and will give you access to all the latest news from around the world as well as push notifications for any breaking news. and that is all for now for me and our religion. pears corresponded mark dock.

thank you, mark martin on the past about the pope ameritas candidate for 16 will be back with

joy ride through fascinating worlds into uncharted deb our guides know their way around with a strictly scientific trip to some pretty wacky places. curiosity is required to borrow today. next on d, w ah, did in y, dwayne extreme, it's writes requested again. well, bobby, and couple linked and burned in south africa,

people with disabilities more likely to lose their jobs. in the pandemic black lives matter. shine a spotlight on racially motivated beliefs, same sex marriage is being legalized in more and more countries, discrimination and inequality, or part of everyday life. for many, we ask why? because life is diversity. to make up your own mind. d. w. lead for mines i. we need to talk about climate change. does that make you want to switch off? why and how can we change it? how exactly is global warming affecting agriculture around the world? the results of one study are alarming. but 1st we ask, how can cattle farming be made more environmentally friendly?

because cows do produce an awful lot of greenhouse gases. boldest and more coming up. welcome to a new edition of tomorrow today. ah, so we've all heard of the greenhouse effect rice. the ex atmosphere is composed of gases in the day. the sun's shortwave rays shine through it. upon reflection on the ground, the shortwave becomes long wave radiation which can not permit the atmosphere that easily. some of it gets trapped, heating up the atmosphere, or if this didn't happen, i'll plan it would be too cold to be habitable. but human activities release additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere which increase the natural in house effect. and the us is warming, ah,

one important greenhouse gas is methane for which livestock agriculture gets most of the plane. is there a way to reduce counts methane emissions? ah, an idyllic countryside seen, but something invisible is destroying the environment. cattle emit between 40700 liters of methane every day. a greenhouse gas $25.00 times more damaging than c o 2 . germany's $11000000.00 cattle generate a 1000000 tons of methane each year. does battling the climate crisis call for putting an end to cattle farming? the crew cows are incredible assets because they provide high quality products that humans eat like milk and mean fat by consuming grass that humans cannot digest into flesh. can breeding cattle be more climate friendly both in the field and inside, massive cow sheds. one in the time there is no way to avoid methane because the

animals are ruminants. they emit methane outdoorsman. but there's an element that could change if their feet is tweaked, emissions could be reduced to without decreasing the milk yield. the amount of methane is relative to the amount of milk produced grass has less energy than concentrated fata. so kaos that greys in the paddock produce less milk than those housed indoors. but they still produce greenhouse gases. the question is, how much cost and malice and his team set up an experiment to find out their crypt test cows with guess measuring devices with tubes have to be put into the cows nostrils. this creates a vacuum and what the cows exhale is extracted. scientists use this to accurately

record methane emissions. the test cows at keel university's organic research firm a jersey carol. they were the hardy and produce a lot of milk because they have a high feed conversion ratio. but not all grass is equal. young grass is especially nutritious in the cows digestive systems. special microbes ferment the feed, releasing nutrients, but producing c o 2 and methane at the same time with young, tender grass. the fermentation process is shorter and less. methane is produced. with mature fibrous grass, the breakdown of the stronger cell walls takes longer and is more complex. it produces more greenhouse gases. that's why these cows at keel university's organic farm, only grays on young grass. every day workers check the grass growth in the fields at a certain height. it's then mowed down and used as

a feed supplement for the winter. this means that the cows only ever eat the most tender shoots they haven't got. i know that we've got the birds for the clover containing condense, italians inherited and then we have the small metal button which contains hydro visible, jalen as infer, simply both contain talented or the talons are best known from wine. look, it gives at that for re texture on the tom and foot, and they're good for ruminants because they reduce methane and even the tango tinquan. cast in malicious cows belched and exhaled about half the methane of an average german cow about 9 grams of methane per liter of milk compared to 17 grams per liter. so farming cows with this method will reduce the carbon footprint in comparison to farming cows. in normal sheds, nadine ship covered is developing a shed management system with

a conventional agricultural sector that would be very climate friendly to feed fur . high output cows consists of concentrate and mineral feed, with corn and grass silage. the mixture is made according to a precise ratio. each day they get 40 killers of grass and corn, silage, and about 10 kilos of concentrated feed, such as rape seed and soybean meal. concentrated feed enables a high milk yield, and like young grass is easy to digest, optimally adjusted methane emissions can also be significantly reduced here, on average by 3 and a half grams per liter of milk. however, that's still more methane than grass fed cows produce. in addition, large amounts of other greenhouse gases are produced during transport, and especially during the cultivation of the concentrated feed. so why keep cattle indoors at all?

as much abida they still both methods are needed in germany. there's both pastor and stable husbandry. we want to make both methods as efficient as possible to maximize output. so the focus is on increasing efficiency and environmental compatibility tight. but still, there's one big unresolved problem. too many animals to reach climate targets. the current number of dairy cows would have to be half what it is now. but getting rid of dairy farming completely is off the table. which nadine snick of i is happy about. mine was i had done that my grandparents had beef cattle on their field and nothing. and then when i studied i did training and became even more fond of these very calm, peaceful animals. then the lun cast and mother. she has also come to be a big fan of cows. right. and the crew of god, just to watch cows as they go about grazing in the field, is very beautiful. they always look like they belong to the landscape when they are

incredibly peaceful. if she's like a giant pet now she's rubbing herself with who puts it in some countries consume old grains and cereals, then meat and dairy, just 3 crumbs, the counter, 50 percent of the world's diet of corn, wheat, and rice. with put this over dependence is becoming dangerous. supply is threatened, not only by the war in ukraine muddle show that climate change is globally impacting harvests. more than previously believe he got the whole thing. rolling climate scientist yona as jaeger meyer, who now conducts research at columbia university and for nasa. is there any rushed? i myself am surprised our colleagues. i surprised the end. the community is surprised. we didn't expect results of this magnitude in those are stagger,

irrational from other scientists are also aligned, distinguish, warned us via i think in the near future. we'll have to work out how to get an enough food on to our plates. ethan often tell me whether extremes are on the rise . droughts in rising temperatures are causing more and more problems for plants. in the case of corn, the decline in harvests could be felt significantly in the next 10 to 20 years. by the end of this century, harvests in some regions could even declined by almost a quarter to guide c. m. for wheat it's different, right? wheat has regions where climate change reduces yields. but at higher latitudes, it can in fact bring game lighten even of given her and her gotten more c o 2 does make we grow faster, but it can also reduce its nutrient content. crops react earlier in more strongly

to climate change than previously thought. as shown by state of the art computer simulations. giga myers team worked for 2 years on the study for nasa and the potsdam institute for climate impact research. this is where 36 year old junior professor zant bush merkel comes in. yet shifting, when we're looking at how plants respond to climate change, the goal is to keep young stable that we attached a bill and there are still too few plans that can cope well with extreme weather conditions for too long. the breeding focus has been solely on maximum yields visit the inch, heightened as we see how crucial it is to the plants, not only produce high yield focus, but they still produce yields, under conditions of drought and heat. strauss and not at craig buying and turning. to ensure this the researcher brings and grain varieties from around the world, while barley from the middle east coast well with drought. so shackle crosses it

with german high yield barley. the same is done with corn and wheat in the facility in hole. now the scientist takes an unusual approach. for example, she wants to convince germans to grow more exotic crops fitting kima vander give up to be prepared for climate change. we're also trying to establish new species. this is keen, one, which normally growth in the andes along kenwood is called a pseudo grain botanic lee. it's classified elsewhere, but it's used like grain, and it's similar to rice, large scale farmer gant of wrung from crush dock. doesn't know anything about killa, he and his family have been running their family farm for almost 30 years. but drought in rising temperatures have repeatedly damaged harvests. frank has long been committed to finding the consequences of climate change. long glanced at lucy

white as the biggest farmer in the village plant. treasonous field. that's not normal, but it is normal that we're going to experience many things that we don't consider normal. now, a model will have to reassess things, assembling music. frank has been doing agro forestry for 8 years. he planted trees on his corn fields, sometimes at the edge. sometimes in the middle, the trees need to be trimmed so that they don't create too much. she eventually he harvests some of them. he also uses compost almost exclusively and has greatly reduced his use of industrial fertilizer as if he had a yo f f liquor. we had corn here in the field with the sunburn as well, and that was very unusual for the leaves. make that export said it was the ozone effect and the extreme sunlight foaming. i knew it didn't happen where the shade of the trees fell. remove all finished. the corn under the trees produce higher yields . the principle behind agro forestry isn't new. with the protection of trees

cropped, survive, drought better, because there microclimate improves and less water evaporates. the trees, foliage, and dead roots also create more humours. the soil becomes more fertile and can hold more water. but agro forestry is very rare here for a long time. it wasn't subsidized. back to holland hein after 3 years of research sandwich, mikka now knows which kin varieties are suitable for cultivation. thank assumed a schema. i think he one has a good chance because it's so well suited to the climatic conditions of his strategy with around distresses and contrasts on k distress. it's more difficult with other varieties. the researcher needs to speed up the breeding process, which takes about 15 years. so she and her team are looking at the plants. dna in the lab. corn leaves are shredded and dried. corn is more sensitive to water

shortages. researchers look for the drought stress tolerance gene and continue breathing with those plants. mckinney technique, rudy, weedy, definitely be faster with genetic engineering than with classical breeding which i'm it would probably have to be both. we'd have to be able to combine some to all over convenience. conan researchers also stressed the importance of watch. michael and farmers like scratch or do they couldn't have included it in the current study is a support for you on and process. most of the range of adaption measures is very important . and that's the core research that's going on here. montrose stocks in the long, it'll come down to how well and how quickly farmers and scientists can change the system. because the new study has shown that stable harvests can no longer be taken for granted. defects of climate change on agriculture can already be

observed across the world. we asked view is, what's your experience? how is climate change affecting farming, where you live? no herrera says that in cuba, drought and hurricanes are becoming increasingly frequent. dokey that you had this to say in argentina, drought in summer has become so bad. that plan started droop early in the morning and, and dry periods. there are problems with pests. ah, louis canino from hulu points out that there's agriculture these days, and places that used to be to come before farming. andrarios are google rights that an indonesia, people who live in villages and used to practice traditional agriculture me when the rains would come and formed accordingly. now you can't predict the weather like at the moment the dry season should have begun, but it's still rainy. thanks for your comments.

climate change isn't just the station for farm has it affects all of us. and yes, when virginia jeff bezos went on a 10 minute june, tend to space in july 2021. u. s. news networks dedicated to 112 minutes to covering it on that day and low time delivery. climate change coverage, however amounted to 267 minutes, but that's over the entire year. the trouble is when it does get reported view as tend to think, it's well a bit of a downer tab about the kind of situation, bit of anger, frustration, not many good feeling, been young. and if you feel that way, you're probably not going to do much about it. even though by now we all know what needs to be done. so what exactly is the problem?

one of the few studies on media coverage about climate change found that between 19972009 climate change coverage in 27 countries made up just point 6 percent of total reporting. it's an existential threat. and yet we're only just starting to talk about it to find out why we have to go back in time to the era of bleached hair, low rise jeans and questionable music videos. the early 2000. this was when climate change really hit the stage and being an environmental scientist back then was no easy job. no one has ever actually had to send out and say, we were lying on a substance that is sort of county this wide scale destruction. and it's like this massive task to get rid of it. and this massive consequence, if we dar kitchen. jesse consults with climate and g o,

z and activists to help them get the message across climate scientists were and law charged with telling the world some really bad news. and it's also complicated to explain what we tend to know about climate change is in the form of tables, or complex figures, or another center difficult, or the only person to relate to. suzy wing has a background in environmental psychology and works on how we can communicate climate change, better people speaking about timelines that arrived very fine the distant past. time teacher. take the latest report by the i p. c. c, the intergovernmental panel on climate change. it's the most detailed look at the state of the earth. but the summary is 40 pages long and starts like this. lots of big words,

certainly not light reading. so most people don't have access or time to research the science on their own. here's where the science communicators come in, for example, and joe's or journalists. but it's literally her job to know this stuff. and to be on top of all the terminology there. so many journalists back here, back home, who want to do this, but they don't even have that knowledge there is ben would have capacity to cover this topic, right? shola? well, from lagos, nigeria reports on climate change. they don't have to journalists, we're going to cover this in a way that is an accurate nobody that is simple for people to understand. and in a way that is sustainable. even when there are enough journalists, climate reporting is still tough. a recent oxford study found these common barriers . climate change happens slowly,

but the news cycle is fast. the topic depresses audiences with covering it requires money for travel and specialized reporters. there's pressure from media bosses and advertises to cover other topics. all this means the topic is under reported, and that little reporting also used to be full of misinformation, according to a landmark paper published in 2004, it was due to the pursuit of balanced reporting. print media often gave equal credence or space to relevant experts or scientists, as well as climate deniers or skeptics were representing outlier views. lucy, mcallister, studies the communication of environmental issues and is lead author on a recent paper on the accuracy of climate science reporting. so this was seen on early 2000 and hugely misleading to the general public. 99 percent of scientists

agree on climate change, so it's inaccurate to give all viewpoints equal weight. the research shows that climate change information is now mostly accurate. so is the issue resolved. the climate debate has shifted or transformed, emerging different ways and more subtle discourses and academic literature. it's not as discourses of delay groups who 10 years ago was naming on children real. what we're saying now is that the energy transition is too expensive, and these discourses are repeated everywhere from politicians to companies. others include individualism, you are responsible that is your carbon footprint. technological optimism, future technologies will save us. fossil fuel solution ism fossil fuels are part of the energy transition and the most common,

all talk little action you have will be the world's 1st climate neutral continent. by 2050, be carbon neutral for the decade. political leaders and corporations make these promises, but don't follow through on them. and as a journalist, it's hard to find a middle ground here. solutions can be expensive. some countries continue to need fossil fuels. individual choices do make a difference. if we don't mention these aspects, we are in danger of being labeled climate activists and ignored. and what about the viewers readers and listeners? the situation we're in is so huge. it's just too complex for our means to fathom. we can't see it, we can't smell it to it. well it's, it's not an easy visible enemy. and the most publicized climate victims are super hard to grasp. we're talking about how our glaciers and melts

in, that's not something that someone in lagos is really going to care about. we naturally value what's near us more than something far away. this phenomenon is called discounting. so support for climate action decreases due to what's happening around us, like a cold winter, or low gas prices. and talking about all this in the 1st place. probably not going to make you feel great. when you can see that something is threatening to push it around seating his other myself, and that's not the only way your brain avoids these issues. let's say you know, meet is bad for the environment, but you eat it anyway. these conflicting beliefs that lead to cognitive dissonance, which is the discomfort from internal conflict. 5 you either change your behavior or just rationalize your choice. and that's where we come back to the huge complex

nature of the problem. it seems like on our own, we can't make a difference. i think i could do more. of course we all should do more. can we do enough actually, right now i realize that i haven't thought about that before, but i know that as a math sometimes hard to be aware of other things to do and others. sometimes i think it can be a little bit overwhelming because you're kind of powerless. so what should change? let's start with the science climate science needs to be more accessible and also easy to comprehend. more scientific publications need to be open access and complicated topics. need to be more relatable. carrying about climate since means recognizing that climate change affects of other things that you care about. you're more likely to be interested in a study about health, housing, or food than insects dying out. luckily or not,

climate change impacts all of these areas and more same goes for climate reporting . it would help if it were more integrated with other topics and connected with our everyday experiences. even talk to people in league and say, oh. ready have you feel that the, the sun just seems hotter this past? yes. they can immediately connect with that. and then you can started selecting expand derek, your scope of knowledge and feel that is why it's happening. this place is the science in context. another example is the human lifespan over a graph of the earth's warming. context also helps people understand the complexity of the issues. which in turn paved the way for a focus on the solutions rather than the problems. but this shift reduces our impulse to push the topics away and makes people feel more engaged. focusing on collective power over individual responsibility can also help. but perhaps most

importantly, we need to talk more about the topic. that's it for this edition of tomorrow to day d. w signs show you again next week, and then stay curious about rolled around he combined with with a resolution on this really thinking urban environmental european fearing to leave the way. ah, you are cars,

more security galenas faces and happier, healthier people. read in 30 minutes on d. w. a user thought to the 1st german poop in almost 500 years acclaimed, feared and controversial because of his handling of the catholic church as abuse scandal. from young reformer to guardian of the faith in memory of benedict the 16th and 75 minutes. auntie w. ah a nice it's avalanche. are my welcome to my podcast to love matters that i and life

celebrities, influenza, and experts. to talk about all playing, loved effect from day to and then get today. nothing less because all these things and more and then you leave them off the pot. come make sure it's a tune and wherever you get your pot cast and join the conversation, because you know it love matter. mm ah hmm. mm. every room and every man knows the child needs food that food can do nothing. before movies, news can we had a lot of programs. they drop out to the school because they were eating nothing when it coming from home. that could have easily been us. anyone of us.

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