subscribe now. ah, i'm agree. do you feel worried about the planet me to a meal host of the on the green transposed cost. and to me, it's clear we need to change the solutions or alpha, join me for a deep dive into the green transformation. for me to do for the van ah, ah, they've been powering out on the goal lives for tickets and healed of the key to fleeing the world from fossil fuels, lithium ion batteries of central to the green energy revolution. but they aren't

without drawbacks. for they only go india, we explore ways to make the most of their shelf life. hello welcome. i'm son that i'm now lithium ion batteries, power every ping from tools and toy to electric vehicles and energy storage systems . but when the useful life comes to an end, we can pause a hazard to our health or environment if not properly managed. urine india, one company is working to ensure that these batteries don't end up as pollutants. gigolo buzz expertly gets down to dismantling another electric battery. he's been working in the recycling plant for the past 18 months. the former day laborer is proud of his job and there will be plenty to keep him busy for years to come. ah.

people use commute using gasoline vehicles, smoke and cause lots of pollution that causes health issues. electric vehicles don't cause any kind of pollution or emission. there's a growing number of people in india are now switching to electric vehicles. experts estimate that this your sales will almost triple the previous view of demand instead of gasoline or diesel electric vehicles, run on batteries, which at the moment i'm mainly lithium, i n b. it's an environmental conundrum because they usually only have a lifespan of 5 to 7 years. motion a monte from the center for science and environment in new delhi, explains the problem. we produce about 50000 tons of my invest in the country. very little. it actually gets recycled. it's only now with the coming into the picture and the government setting up these recycling rules. but devious management

rules. this is just the beginning. the most serious issue is that the toxic substances in the discarded batteries can lead into the ground water via landfill sites. at the same time, the lithium batteries are full of valuable ro, materials that india has historically had to import from all over the world that's created a completely new industrial for about 3 years now, the total company has been recycling lithium, ion batteries, bringing their competent parts back into the raw material cycle. going to be shattered properly. then the back my, what the do, the black powder inside the battery is color black. you separate that from the casing of the battery. and then the black mas refining process is a further, we're using different high energy through what you need to extract michael. like

with nickel magnesium, copper, lithium cabinet, and other compounds are also recalled from the old batteries. these raw materials can then be used in the production of new batteries, a solution that saves money and makes more environmental sense than extracting more minerals from mines around the world where people often work under atrocious conditions. we all over the 2nd process, obama mining, because we extract the same metal said come from the mine, but we actually don't physically big abroad. we are taking vist that is generated by consumers and industrious around the world. there are numerous companies, lego terrell recycling, lithium ion batteries. however, the volume of batteries currently being recycled is still very small, especially given the amount of least expected in the future. battery recycling is something that the entire world is still trying to figure out. there is still, there needs to be a lot more, i think in less men do it suddenly that is one important thing. and the other thing

also is that if they don't have enough for news, know, we need huge, large volumes to be able to. oh, perfect, the process and even globally, i think we're still in the, in the beginning stages from 2035 india plans to limit sales of new vehicles to 0 emissions models. only experts believe that by the end of the current decade, more than half of all new vehicles would already meet all electric battery. recycling is an important factor in achieving the complete switch to e mobility in india. and if possible, under conditions that are both financially and environmentally sound electric vehicle sales in india have almost triple, echoing a global surge. that's good news for efforts to cut emissions, but also pains the prospect of a multi 1000000 ton heap of started batteries. a bank will be stopped up,

has developed an energy started system that runs on 2nd life lithium ion batteries and is making a world of a difference to people in places where power is unreliable. ah, when the sun goes down and looked up a dish street life usually fades away together with the day's dying light. but these 2nd life batteries allow long stretches of road to be lit up after duck. ah, one of these batteries is also in service in finally, bengal. dean ovation enables street windows to peddle their snacks late into the night. by moving her light is the greatest jennifer gone libya for i can do my work so much better now. thanks to the light, her a dwell a driver,

li engine. at least one of the batteries is delivering energy to electric sewing machines. this makes it possible for seamstresses at the vehicle livelihood center one more as the appeal of b street. but article of clothing they produce and not having to manually operate the machines means less of a physical burden. ah, let go under the microphone, might always get a pain in my legs at work. and then i, i couldn't work for long periods, and i had to constantly stretch my legs. when i put these electric machines in, i don't have that problem. i can work for as long as i want to kill something that i that we use to come to work at 9 am. now we can come an hour later. i've been back then we had managed to say 2 or 3 dresses a day. with the electric machines, we can do a lot more, right. we work as long as we want to manage to get everything done. pradeep saturday and doesn't read a book founded newnan in bangalore. we offer their goal was to harness the last remaining energy from used batteries. and that meant experimenting in what was

still a relatively unexplored feed. oh, usually they used between a 100 to 8275 percent. that's where in the fall live people are usually using it and between that 75 percent and 50 percent threshold, there is still in most cases some usable energy which you can still use. but in, in the 1st life application it doesn't get used, which is not very efficient, right? i mean, is like, you have one little water water you drink, hopefully to and you draw a half lead away. the 2 men started out in 2017 with used laptop batteries 1st the batteries taken, but each individual cell is tested for is the energy content. the functioning ones are assembled into a small, portable battery, which has rented out the street vendors, for example, for around 2 euros a week. the 2nd big project after the laptop batteries, i used batteries from electric cars, div some from a german car maker, and

a converted into bol for the 2nd life batteries. lasting for 5 to 10 years. the laptop batteries, which are also charged with solar energy last only about 2 years. no, no monitors them buy a chip and an app. each battery is internet connected. as these batteries are internet connected, we get unwanted notification at the end of life and pick up these batteries for recycling. while we also provide a new one as the replacement at the end of their 2nd life, the batteries end up in this recycling plant run by some good india, 100 kilometers not have been glue. the batteries are broken down into their various components, the metallic wrist, mostly aluminum, is sold to metal dealers. the so called black pulp containing the particularly valuable substances is sent to some deals mean factory in south korea for further processing. read equal, we're all available nor does her local bird nichol,

lithium manganese proper. and again, we send it oh, or contract fare like samsung to manufactured near better recycling centers like this. a still pretty thin on the ground in india. but the number of electric oz is growing with electric mobility taking center feed in india, bringing the thought efficiency into batteries become a major factor into our sustainable practices in mobility sector here at the end didn't due to science in bengal. now the funny antiquity desa range of my deals with the aim of increasing battery capacity. he's the head of the institute scheme for advanced energy storage research. i see the publishing as parking portion of this ecosystem of electric vehicles and electrification gender re

purposing batteries. really cost me maybe about 10 percent of the cost of recycling, a battery. the energy cost, the cost and the environment in terms of chemicals are to be used for recycling and, and the costs and the environment in terms of ways that comes out of recycling batteries. the big advantage of 2nd life batteries is that dear environmentally friendly than new ones, and they're also much cheaper. so more people can afford them. if i can cut down the cost of starting at the city to a common man, it probably will bring every single person in the country to have the same level of basic amenities that otherwise don't exist in some of the remote areas and, and bringing that equality is, is in itself a big social reform. i think the seem stresses and generally live in small villages nearby. in many cases they can no longer feed themselves and their families from

agriculture alone. they now have a regular income at the ceiling workshop. the batteries mean that they work here and be done at any time of day, which also makes it easier to reconcile work and family life. but one bed the is not really enough. the women are hoping for more in building for their homes. we need that about that it was a battery like this. it would also be possible for my children to do their school homework and we could use it to power household devices like washing machines. that would help us immensely. we can get the miles on it. well actually has far more ambitious plans in the future. she'd like to open a small business, but forcing machines at home then she could take care of her children while she owns

a living. now batteries of forward the rise of renewable energy because we can store it even when the sun is shining or the wind is blowing. or given the limitations of lithium ion batteries, massages on for alternators, our reporter had to look around. before we get into the shiny new stuff, we gotta talk about the lithium ion battery. it's the fastest growing battery segment in the world. scientist started developing the lithium ion battery during the oil crisis of the 1970s. they hope this could win the west off fossil fuels. but nothing has changed. and it took a while until you could actually buy one engineers, stanley whittingham, a korea yoshi no. and john, be good enough, help develop the 1st commercially available lithium ion battery that came to market in 1991. that's them winning the nobel prize for that. you work with nice people and they do all a hard work or news of burger drives,

like as much grover's. you go up up, up, up, up. the lithium ion battery is good at giving a lot of electricity and shorter burst. so it's used for consumer electronics and now electric cars. and it's also pretty much the only battery we use for storing, grid scale, renewable energy. but mining lithium is problematic. it involves pumping underground water deposits to the surface. this use is roughly 70000 leaders to make one ton of lithium. more than half the earth's resources are between argentina, bolivia, and she lay mining and consumed 65 percent of the regions already scarce. water supply, lithium ion batteries, also typically use cobalt, which is expensive and mine mostly in the democratic republic of congo. news reports have covered the notoriously exploitive business, which uses child miners and devastates local communities. lithium batteries can also be flammable. if you can't bring them on a plane, you should definitely think twice about a giant one backing up your grid and they lose capacity. so longevity isn't really

there forte. so lithium ion battery work, but they can't be the only solution to store energy, especially on a grid scale. according to the i. e. a. we're going to need close to 10000 gigawatt hours of energy storage worldwide by 2040 to meet climate goals. that's 50 times the size of the current market. today it's actually another technology pumped hydro storage that comprises a whopping 96 percent of global storage power capacity. and it basically relies on pretty simple gravitational principles. this is ramona swami not on. she's the head of a thermal storage company which we'll get to later. but she has no problem with water . you've got to reservoirs or leaks one high and one low. and when you have a lot of excess power, you use that exist power to pump the water of pills in a higher reservoir. when you want that power back, you let the water run downstream and turn a turbine generator. however,

those products are hartsville, they take up massive amounts of space and need exactly the right geography, 2 lakes, and a hill. a lot of them also work within conventional hydro, electric dams, which need lots of up front capital and disrupt habitat. storing renewable energy will need more flexibility than these reservoirs. one, promising alternative that's making headway comes from something you can find right on your kitchen. table salt, and it's much more on any skinny goose senior queen young. same robin dog. they will. this is rosa palace seen. she's a battery researcher at the institute of material science and barcelona. she says, sodium is the best alternative because it basically mimics lithium ion battery technology. it has also got one valence electron, the number of electrons in the outermost layer. but sodium is a 1000 times more abundant is 20 to 40 percent cheaper and isn't sensitive to temperature changes. so no issues with blowing up. but it does have lower energy

density, thus heavier batteries, which is why it hasn't commercialized sooner. if it's for the grid though, this won't matter so much since everything is stationary and for right now, time is of the essence away, higher in good knowledge in seattle. oh, so much closer look. well, they're already in the market. analysts expect them to be produced at scale in the next few years. speaking of salt, what if we could store energy in the form of heat and really hot salt swami now tons, company malta is doing this in the us. we take electrical energy or either directly from renewable generation like winder solar or just from the grid. and we convert that into thermal energy. turns out that molten salt is a great preserver of heat. it looks kind of like water and has roughly the same viscosity here, so it works when there's excess electricity generated. the energy is used to heat, a large insulated storage tank of molten salt and very high temperatures. i melting

point means the salt can absorb a lot of energy. it keeps for 6 plus hours. lithium batteries can only manage under for when the grid needs power. the plant re converts heat back into electricity through a turbine. while its material costs are relatively low and its system is pretty scalable, it's still behind hydro and lithium. the hope is that the market will eventually make a feasible. you can do something similar with the piles of sand. we mentioned earlier, a couple of fins decided to use some local pilots to solve one of finland's biggest energy issues heating, instead of converting the heat back to electricity, they just use it directly to storage. deposit is in the order of 1000 times g m. m. woodley june buffers, michael, ellen and co founded a company that makes sand batteries return the electricity to heat, ugly gum reg installed cheap lit up. we can bear with the large volumes of energy, how much sand undertones of sand. it can store heat at around $500.00 to $600.00 ri

celsius for months. this heat then goes directly to warm municipal buildings. moreover, it could provide heat to one of the biggest emitters of greenhouse gases, the heavy industry sector in comb countries. the solution makes a lot of sense. the company currently has one system that's heating con, con path. a southwestern town with a population of 13000. the 100 tons, sand battery can technically stay hot for months, but they recharged this one in 2 weeks cycles to keep efficient. these are just a couple of solutions. there are dozens of technologies out there right now, each buying for their place in the market flow. redox batteries, for instance, or another big contender for grid scale storage. they don't function all that differently from lithium ion batteries. and the latter electrons travel between 2 electrodes through a liquid called and electrolyte, creating a current in a flow battery. this liquid electrolyte is stored externally. the larger the tank, the more storage capacity, which means the flow battery can be scaled really easily. and what needs scale,

you guessed it, the grid, chemical technologies, gravity based technology, mechanical technologies, you know, flow, batteries, all that stuff. this is a huge need that we're trying to solve. and i think we're in the truth is, we're not going to quit the lithium ion any time soon. the huge demand for electric cars means that some of the technology is and efficiencies and develop there will spill over to the grid. but the fossil fuel industry is built into the economy. it's a huge challenge to adapt and tire systems, including infrastructure and policy to renewable alternatives. cost is the biggest limiting factor for new technologies. the market decides how far they've come and how far don't go to africa now. and the low bought trends, senegal, very such as a looking at the potential to recycle natural waste. not just to generate energy, but distorted to the aims to produce scalable batteries, from nothing less than

a local st. food staple. along these buttons, shell batteries may not look very special until you know, the raw material used to make them at this lab. and dac, ours, shake until d up university interior door. peanut shells. about thoughtful marcial. does he view transforming this type of biomass into advanced materials? is a new field of research. says 2nd, well rush. the scientific community has been working on a for 2 or 3 years just to fix on the ultimate and we were the 1st to initiate this kind of work here in africa. all right, you see on lovely boss, if alma peanut shells are plentiful, and synagogue peanuts are one of the countries for most important exports. more than 60 percent of the rural population grows the popular and energy rich leg. yeah . but this year, a low harvest of around $1600000.00 tons is expected due to poor rainfall. until

now, the shells have simply been thrown away or burned pure ways that says professor, can gum. he regularly buys his raw materials at the t lane, central market in jakarta avenue and explains to the trader that he makes batteries from michelle's getting them bring it, analyze them, said you book or i'd never heard of that. i mean, you're good. it seems, every day you wake up and there's more technology, more developments. but i'm happy to see it happening on both on the la murphy and that the peanut shells help blue light. i wonder lip login and yellow music for more than 2 years by the d up and gum has been researching the conversion of bio mass into energy with a group of 15 students. so all, well, it's a complicated electrochemical process. first, the shelves are ground into powder, and mixed with water. all our leasing on good at all the whole thing. so for

a period of time like this, no, i won't tell you how long of it, because that's one of the crucial parameters. while optical those up and then we filter the mixture and the result is this liquid whose the other balls at the london. once we add some more ingredients, we can use it to create the positive charge of the battery was achieved a lot of disclosed. the researchers take advantage of the high carbon content of the shells and extract zinc oxides from them bonding technology. global when the liquid is radiated with sunlight at high temperatures, the zinc oxide evaporates and is converted into metallic zinc, which in turn can store energy these are environmentally friendly batteries that have the same potential as conventional lithium ion batteries for example. but without the disadvantages. that's because lithium ion battery is contained among other things, cobalt which is often mind by children in dangerous minds and the congo. in

addition, reserves of lithium and cobalt are limited. so the plus points are that the peanut battery is produced without cobalt, easier to dispose of cheaper to produce. introducing these environmentally friendly batteries would be of great help to synagogue. since 40 percent of rural households have no connection to the state power grid. they rely on batteries or alternative energy sources like solar or simply don't have access to any form of energy. there is a huge gap in energy supply. this according to this environmental analyst, hulu, basic up asking for to fulfill the law. but it's, i think we have to move toward the development of energy sources like bio mass in a y m. s. energy can be an answer today because a girl is a major producer of peanuts with a huge supply of peanut shells. and then we'll go on for areas

like cause a mass which has a significant amount of biomass. and the development of this energy source will allow us to close a large part of the existing gap. don't permit that sort of a gun party undergrad. dig up the exist, we'll see that in preliminary trials, the researchers were able to power remote controls or cell phones with their bio batteries. but their product isn't market ready yet. lives all. we now need to further optimize all the processes in the lab to get all the parameters fully under control. so that the system working properly. and then it will be ready for market . for me, dollar machine. the research team and jack car is now sure their batteries work. however, further research and money is needed before they can upscale production and so that people in synagogue can actually use peanut power batteries. so even

innovation for the sustainable future are not without their share of compounding consequences, as we've seen today. but accounting for solutions to these problems right from the start is bound to make sure to different for the better. i leave you with that part and see you will get next week goodbye, and thanks for watching. ah ah, with

who interest? the global economy? our portfolio d w business beyond here the closer look at the project. our mission. to analyze the fight for market dominance. if

this is what you did that head with the w business beyond, are you ready to get a little more extreme? these places in europe are smash all the records of into more bold adventure. just don't lose your grip. it's the treasure map for modern globetrotters. discover some of europe's wykard breaking sites on youtube and know also in book form. oh, it's just about life, the universe and everything. do you know the answer? well, them give it here. 40

to the answer to almost everything. we're documentary series with clever and groundbreaking questions with the after life. destiny is not just a dead. are we getting dumber we have an exponential growth and you bullshit. how can we feed every one doesn't mean we don't want to chase climate change with our food supply? questions for the present and future heads filled with ideas when, when we learn something, the hardware and software of our brain changes games. so get ready for the brain update. 40 to the answer to almost everything starts january 15th on d, w. ah

ah ah ah, this is dw news lie from berlin. the faithful bid farewell to the form of pope benedict. the 1st pontiff to resign in centuries will lie in state for 3 days. so mourners can pay their respects at the battle also on the program and other round of overnight air strikes, damages homes, and.