6 o 2, some pretty wacky places, with curiosity is required to borrow to day next on d. w. ah, what secrets lie behind these walls? discover new adventures in 360 degrees and explore fascinating world heritage sites. d w world heritage 360. get the out now we need to talk about climate change. does that make you want to switch off? why and how can we change it? how exactly is global warming affecting agriculture around the world? the results of one study renaming. but 1st we ask, how can cattle farming be made more environmentally friendly?

because cows do produce an awful lot of greenhouse gases bowl this and more coming up. welcome to a new edition of tomorrow today. ah . so we've all heard of the greenhouse effect rice. the earth's atmosphere is composed of gases in the day. the sun's shortwave rays shine through is upon reflection on the ground. the shortwave becomes long wave radiation, which cannot permeate the atmosphere that easily. some of it gets trapped, heating up the atmosphere. if this didn't happen, our planet would be too cold to be habitable. but human activities release additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere which increase the natural greenhouse effect and the of as warming up, ah,

one important greenhouse gas is methane, which livestock agriculture gets most of the blame. is there a way to reduce counts methane emissions? mm. an idyllic countryside seen, but something invisible is destroying the environment. cattle emit between 40700 leaders of methane every day. a greenhouse gas $25.00 times more damaging than c o . 2. germany's $11000000.00 kettle generate a 1000000 tons of methane each year. does battling the climate crisis call for putting an end to cattle farming? the crew cows are incredible assets because they provide high quality products that humans eat like milk and 1000000 fat by consuming grass that humans cannot digest into flesh. can breeding cattle be more climate friendly both in the field and inside, massive cow sheds on an attack,

there is no way to avoid methane because the animals are ruminants. they emit methane outdoorsman, but there's an element that could change. if their feed is tweaked, emissions could be reduced to without decreasing the milk yield. the amount of methane is relative to the amount of milk produced grass has less energy than concentrated fata. so cows that craze in the paddock produce less milk than those housed indoors but they still produce greenhouse gases. the question is, how much cost and malice and his team set up an experiment to find out their crypt test cows with guess measuring devices tubes have to be put into the cows nostrils. this creates a vacuum and what the cows exhale is extracted. scientists use this to accurately

record methane emissions. ah, the test cows at keel university's organic research firm, a jersey carol. there where the hardy and produce a lot of milk because they have a high feed conversion ratio. but not all grass is equal. young grass is especially nutritious in the cows digestive systems. special microbes ferment the feed, releasing nutrients, but producing c o 2 and methane at the same time with young, tender grass. the fermentation process is shorter and less. methane is produced. with mature fibrous grass, the breakdown of the stronger cell walls takes longer and is more complex. it produces more greenhouse gases. that's why these cows at keel university's organic farm, only grays on young grass. every day workers check the grass growth in the fields, had a certain height, it's then mowed down and used as

a feed supplement for the winter. this means that the cows only ever eat the most tender shoots they haven't got. i know that we've got the birds for the clover containing condense, italians inherited and then we have the small meadow button which contains hydro, visible challenges. simply both contain tan, either that or the talons are best known from wine. look, it gives at that for re texture on the tom and foot, and they're good for ruminants because they reduce methane. it's hungry to tinquan, cost in malicious cows belched and exhaled about half the methane of an average german cow about 9 grams of methane per liter. of milk compared to 17 grams per liter. so farming cows with this method will reduce the carbon footprint in comparison to famine cows in normal sheds. nadine ship covered is developing a she management system for the conventional agricultural sector. that would be

very climate friendly. to feed fur high output cows consists of concentrate and mineral feed, with corn and grass silage. the mixture is made according to a precise ratio. each day they get 40 killers of grass and corn, silage and about 10 kilos of concentrated feed, such as ripe seed and soybean meal. concentrated feed enables a high milk yield, and like young grass is easy to digest, optimally adjusted methane emissions can also be significantly reduced here, on average by 3 and a half grams per liter of milk. however, that's still more methane than grass fed cows produce. in addition, large amounts of other greenhouse gases are produced during transport, and especially during the cultivation of the concentrated feed. so why keep cattle

indoors at all? it must abide, are they still both methods are needed in germany, there's both pastor and stable husbandry. we want to make both methods as efficient as possible to maximize output. so the focus is on increasing efficiency and environmental compatibility. kate. but still, there's one big unresolved problem to many animals, to rich climate targets. the current number of dairy cows would have to be half what it is now. but getting rid of dairy farming completely is off the table. which nadine snick of ice is happy about. mine was at and that my grandparents had beef cattle on their field and yeah, and then when i studied i did training and became even more fond of these very calm, peaceful animals their lead gun cast. and mileage has also come to be a big fan of cows. 5 and the crew of god, just to watch cows as they go about grazing in the field is very beautiful. they always look like they belong to the landscape,

wendy. they are incredibly peaceful. you think it's all she's like a giant pet? now she's rubbing herself with scoop it's is it some countries consume more grains and cereals, than meat and dairy? just 3 crumbs, the counter, 50 percent of the world's diet of corn, wheat, and rice. with this over dependence is becoming dangerous. supply is threatened, not only by the war in ukraine model show that climate change is globally impacting harvests. more than previously believed, he got the whole thing. rolling climate scientists known as huger, mired who now conducts research at columbia university and for nasa. is there any rushed? i myself am surprised, our colleagues are surprised and the community is surprised. we didn't expect

results of this magnitude in those are stagger reginald. other scientists are also alarmed they think, assured us via i think in the near future, we'll have to work out how to get enough food onto our plates. ethan often tell me whether extremes are on the rise, droughts and rising temperatures are causing more and more problems for plants. in the case of corn, the decline in harvests could be felt significantly in the next 10 to 20 years. by the end of this century, harvests in some regions could even decline by almost a quarter to guide c. m. for wheat, it's different, right? wheat has regions where climate change reduces yields. but at higher latitudes, it can in fact bring game lighten even ask of inner and her goals. more c o 2 does make we grow faster, but it can also reduce its nutrient content. crops react earlier in more strongly

to climate change than previously thought. as shown by state of the art computer simulations, yoga myers team worked for 2 years on the study for nasa and the potsdam institute for climate impact research. this is where 36 year old junior professor zan glitch merkel comes in. yet shifting, when we're looking at how plants respond to climate change, the goal is to keep young stable as we attached a deal and there are still too few plans that can cope well with extreme weather conditions for too long. the breeding focus has been solely on maximum yields visit the and child as we see how crucial it is to the plants, not only produce high yields hawkish, but they still produce yields, under conditions of drought and heat stress. sun, not at craig buying and cunning. to ensure this the researcher brings in grain varieties from around the world, while barley from the middle east copes well with drought. so smuggled crosses it

with german high yield barley. the same is done with corn and wheat in the facility and hole. now, the scientist takes an unusual approach. for example, she wants to convince germans to grow more exotic crops in fitting chemo vendor give out to be prepared for climate change. we're also trying to establish new species. this is keen, one, which normally grows in the andes along kenwood is called a pseudo grain botanic lee. it's classified elsewhere, but it's used like grain and it's similar to rice. large scale farmer don't of rung from crush dock. doesn't know anything about kenya. he and his family have been running their family farm for almost 30 years. but drought and rising temperatures have repeatedly damaged harvests. frank has long been committed to finding the consequences of climate change. long run stick lucia white is the biggest farmer in

the village plant trees in his field. that's not normal, but it is normal that we're going to experience many things that we don't consider normal. now, ahmad, we'll have to reassess things. emblems. funk has been doing agro forestry for 8 years. he plant trees on his corn fields, sometimes at the edge. sometimes in the middle, the trees need to be trimmed so that they don't create too much. she eventually he harvests some of them. he also uses compost almost exclusively and has greatly reduced his use of industrial fertilizer as if he had a yo fair flicker. we had corn here in the field with a sunburn default, and that was very unusual for the leaves make that export. it said it was the o zone effect and the extreme sunlight swimming. i knew it didn't happen where the shade of the trees fell. remove all finished. the corn under the trees produce higher yields. the principle behind agro forestry isn't new. with the protection of

trees, crop survive, drought better, because there microclimate improves and less water evaporates. the trees, foliage, and dead roots also create more humans. the soil becomes more fertile and can hold more water. but agro forestry is very rare here for a long time. it wasn't subsidized. back to home after 3 years of research, sand cushman cook now knows which kin were varieties are suitable for cultivation. i think as soon as keyma, i think keela has a good chance because it's so well suited to the climatic conditions of humor. strategy moved around distresses and called stress on k distress. it's more difficult with other varieties, the researcher needs to speed up the breeding process. which takes about 15 years. so she and her team are looking at the plants. dna in the lab, corn leaves are shredded and dried. corn is more sensitive to water shortages.

researchers look for the drought stress tolerance gene and continue breeding with those plants. mckinney technique, rudy, weedy, definitely be faster with genetic engineering than with classical breeding which i'm it would probably have to be both. we'd have to be able to combine some to always reconvene ye and conan researchers also stressed the importance of watch. michael and farmers like scratch are doing they shouldn't have included it in the current study. is a support for you on and process my. the range of adaption measures is very important, and that's the core research that's going on here. montrose stuck in the blue, it'll come down to how well and how quickly farmers and scientists can change the system. because the new study has shown that stable harvests can no longer be taken for granted. defects of climate change on agriculture can already be

observed across the world. we asked view is, what's your experience? how is climate change affecting farming, where you live? no herrera says that in cuba, drought and hurricanes are becoming increasingly frequent. located at you had this to say in argentina, drought in summer has become so bad. that plan started droop early in the morning and, and dry periods. there are problems with pests. ah, louis canino from hulu points out that there's agriculture these days, and places that used to be to come for farming. andreea's our google rights that an indonesia, people who live in villages and used to practice traditional agriculture. ne, when the rains would come and farmed accordingly. now you can't predict the weather . like at the moment the dry season should have begun, but it's still raining. thanks for your comments.

climate change isn't just misstating for farm, has it affects all of us. and yes, when virginia jeff bezos went on a 10 minute june, tend to space in july 2021 u. s. news networks dedicated to 112 minutes to covering it on that day alone. time delivery. climate change coverage, however amounted to 267 minutes, but that's over the entire year. the trouble is when it does get reported view as tend to think, it's well a bit of a downer tab about the kind of situation, bit of anger, frustration, not many good feeling, been young. and if you feel that way, you're probably not going to do much about it. even though by now we all know what needs to be done. so what exactly is the problem?

one of the few studies on media coverage about climate change found that between 19972009 climate change coverage in 27 countries made up just point 6 percent of total reporting. it's an existential threat. and yet we're only just starting to talk about it to find out why we have to go back in time to the era of bleached hair, low rise jeans and questionable music videos. the early 2000. this was when climate change really hit the stage and being an environmental scientist back then was no easy job. no one has ever actually had to set out and say, we were lying on a substance that is sort of county this wide scale destruction. oh, and it's like is massive tasks to get rid of it. and this massive consequence. if we dar kitchen. jesse consults with climate and g o,

z and activists to help them get the message across climate scientists were and law charged with telling the world some really bad news. and it's also complicated to explain what we tend to know about climate change is in the form of tables, or compact figures and numbers that are difficult for the only person to relate to. suzy wing has a background in environmental psychology and works on how we can communicate climate change better. kimberly, speaking about time lines that are either very far distant past. the teacher take the latest report by the i p. c. c, the intergovernmental panel on climate change. it's the most detailed look at the state of the earth. but the summary is 40 pages long and stops like this. lots of big words,

certainly not like reading. so most people don't have access or time to research the science on their own. here's where the science communicate has come in, for example, and jose or journalists. but it's literally her job to know this stuff. and to be on top of all the terminology there's so many generally by care, by who want to do this, but they don't even have the knowledge. there is better capacity to cover this topic right? surely. well from lagos, nigeria reports on climate change. they don't have to generally, we can cover this in a way that is accurate. no way that is simple for people to understand. and in a way that is stable even when there are enough journalists, climate reporting is still tough. a recent oxford study found these common barriers . climate change happen slowly,

but the news cycle is fast. the topic depresses audiences covering it requires money for travel and specialized reporters use pressure from media buses and advertises to cover other topics. for this means the topic is under reported, and that little reporting also used to be full of misinformation. according to a landmark paper published in 2004, it was due to the pursuit of balanced reporting. print media often gave equal credence for space to relevant experts for scientists, as well as climate deniers or skeptics that were representing outlier views. lucy, mcallister, studies the communication of environmental issues and is lead author on a recent paper on the accuracy of climate science reporting. so this was seen on

early to 1000 and hugely misleading to the general public. 99 percent of scientists agree on climate change, so it's inaccurate to give all viewpoints equal weight. the research shows that climate change information is now mostly accurate. so is the issue resolved. the climate debate has shifted or transformed, emerging different ways and more subtle discourses, academic literature. it's not as discourses of delay groups who 10 years ago recently on general real i was saying now is that the energy transition is too expensive. and these discourses are repeated everywhere from politicians to companies. others include individualism, you are responsible, that is your carbon footprint. technological optimism, future technologies will save us. fossil fuel solution is m. fossil fuels are part of the energy transition and the most common, all talk,

little action. you have will be the world's 1st climate neutral continent. by 2050, be carbon neutral for the decades. political leaders and corporations make these promises, but don't follow through on them. and as a journalist, it's hard to find a middle ground here. solutions can be expensive, some countries continue to need fossil fuels. individual choices do make a difference. if we don't mention these aspects, we are in danger of being labeled climate activists and ignored. and what about the viewers readers and listeners? the situation we're in is so huge. it's just too complex for brains to fathom. we can't see it, we can't smell it, taste it to it. it's, it's not an easy visible enemy. and the most publicized climate victims are super hard to grasp. we're talking about how ah glaciers melts

in, that's not something that someone in the gas is really going to care about. we naturally value what's near us more than something far away. this phenomenon is called discounting. so support for climate action decreases due to what's happening around us, like a cold winter, or low gas prices. and talking about all this in the 1st place, probably not going to make you feel great. when you perceived that something is threatening to push it around, seating as a way to resolve your myself, and that's not the only way your brain avoids these issues. let's say you know, meet is bad for the environment, but you eat it anyway. these conflicting beliefs that lead to cognitive dissonance, which is the discomfort from internal conflict. 5 you either change your behavior or just rationalize your choice. and that's where we come back to the huge complex

nature of the problem. it seems like on our own, we can't make a difference. i think i could do more. of course we all should do more. can we do enough actually, right now i realize that i haven't thought about that before, but i know that is a much them hard to be aware of a lot of things to do and other sometimes i think it can be a little bit overwhelming because you're kind of powerless. so what should change? let's start with the science climate science needs to be more accessible and also easy to comprehend. more scientific publications need to be open, access, and complicated topics, need to be more relatable. caring about it seems means recognizing that climate change affects of other things that you care about. you're more likely to be interested in a study about health, housing, or food than insects dying out. luckily or not,

climate change impacts all of these areas. and more. same goes for climate reporting, it would help if it were more integrated with other topics and connected with our everyday experiences. even talk to people in lagos and say, oh. ready have you felt that the, the sun just seems hotter this past years, they can immediately connect for that. and then he constructed, select, expand their scope of knowledge and. ready that is why it's happening. this place is the science in context. another example is the human lifespan over a graph of the earth's warming. context also helps people understand the complexity of the issues. which in turn, paved the way for a focus on the solutions rather than the problems. but this shift reduces our impulse to push the topics away and makes people feel more engaged. focusing on collective power over individual responsibility can also help. but perhaps most

importantly, we need to talk more about the topic. that's it for this edition of tomorrow to day d. w signs shall see again next week until then state curious about world around he goodbye. ah ah ah, [000:00:00;00]

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