of the eternal life. and before we leave you a reminder of the top story we're following for you. u. s. and germany have announced plans to deliver ahmed vehicles to you greg gemini, made mata and us bill bradley fighting vehicles. could soon be on their way to the front lines, position full as an announcement by france to quit. you cried with, i'm a thief. and that is over nice for now. up next another from the doc film series. this one plumbing the depths of the world's waste water fish died june for that one . and i'll be back at the top of the hour with more news headlines for them. thanks for the company. ah ah, we're all set to go beyond the obvious citizenship when men were all in as we

take on the work, we're all about. the stories that matter to w fire made for mines. ah, come out and we cannot speak about d makes no sense with i don't say that doesn't say long with i want to talk to you today about toilets. we're not allowed to say and that's part of the problem in we refused the words because i'm on per year. globally, that represents 550000000 tons of waste, which must be evacuated and treated excellent met about. and yet,

you probably don't know that we are experiencing a huge toilet revolution now. 10 years ago, according to the world health organization, half the world's population doesn't have safe toilets. nearly $700000000.00 human beings deviate outside a and typhoid 8 kills nearly $400000.00 children each year. bill gage thought he could fix that by inventing a new kind of toilet. no, that's not the kind of toilet his financing. in 2011 bill gates launched a major international competition called reinvent the toilet armful pathogens from human waste and recover resources like energy, clean water, and nutrients, and almost without electricity. to see these toilets financed by gates,

we went to switch to liberating fecal matter and you are in toilets in order to better recover all the good things contained in the liquid. we produce more to come up with this new sanitation system. he actually consulted some friends and then make sure they came up with a, if a system how he could look like an hour and, you know, to treat the excreta. and he actually sent this sketch. you know, this idea out if this invitation to participate in to reinvent the tar, the challenge to nation or electrolysis. you know, this process really fit nicely in this picture. and this plan here, because for decades they have been a global reference in research on water and sanitation. they invent a lot of machines and systems to turn you. and this is your in separating toilet se produce below

this is the collection tank where we collect a urine from this building. this is the bicycles are removed if activated carbon after pharmaceutical removal, but urine is stored here, and later brought to the distiller or concentration. at the outset here wag was going to call its fertilizer made from swiss students. you're in, you're in an in house communications man dead. that's why they chose. oh, are in to be clear. the ear wag institute separate. you are in an fecal matter and cooperated. number 2, most of the nutrients are concentrated in the urine. and most of the bacteriological bomb one afternoon, we found ourselves that one of the biggest factories in the world were

wifi liberal port. here you see the sledge produced at our facility with that will that pilot, today's worth? the slides will be carbonized, which will make it high generated. then we can spread it on aggregate the fat good people like bill gates, want to invent almost to dry toilets, which separate urine and fecal matter always brings us back to one question. why did rich countries choose the flush toilet which uses so much water? and a central sewer system terminating at a waste water treatment plant until the mid 19th century. in major europeans, it is the most common custom was to empty your bucket out of the window. the streets were so filthy that the scientists of the day ended up wondering if the bad odors themselves re who in 1858 london was sweltering and the level of the thames where all the excrement was dumped was at its lowest. it took powerful

people smelling the odor for the tide to turn. this event called the great stink was the spark, which launched a vast undertaking. the city was gutted to create a centralized shoe. a system. thousands of kilometers were dug at the same time and several major cities like in paris which had nearly 3000 kilometers of sewer pipes . the height of efficiency when it came to making what you didn't want to see any more disappear, discussed for fecal matter on it can to evacuate excrement every day. we produce about once over the, off your in a few gallons of water to make the problem bigger. and then go and filter it out. it must be crazy. when you run in singapore,

who at the age of 40 realize that or he had done was accumulate money based on the life expectancy of a singapore young man. he count revolution of sanitary facilities. so when i was 3 or 4 years old, we live in a come phone, which is like a slum village. and we do not have pilot in our own house. the lead in the role of hot, with a lot being on the plans. and then you put into back it when the bucket truck comes to collect it and replace it after a while is the pool of other peoples and the different colors. and then you have any pets with the blood by the paper. and the flies immediately come and there it is. very, very disgusting and very disturbing mister toilet,

but all his weight behind the battle against annotation inequality. he wanted the whole world to take on the issue. he found at the woes toilet organization, through which he talks about troops on every continent. over the last 10 foot sanitization of the center of global concerns for in joe's for the people who always worked in development, it's a toilet moment. they feared, would never come on as from gates rational, c, p off the bill gates foundation, founded several studies and research labs in the field of sanitation to try to gum one outside the field showing interest it. can't that i see. yeah. not like self as it's always good to have a different kind of actor in the development sector up with someone who's able to challenge are in that kind of approach. hope all hi teacher to develop on mush response gone. the almost when was you do company mortality was he no dancer or

student last rich countries have been digging dry toilets in poor countries to bury waste. and they have a very hard time convincing states that it's a vital public health issue. all that was true until october, the 2nd 2014 about my buy now. yet i remember. yeah. why? indian prime minister lorendi moody. i chose gand his birthday to announce the launch of the biggest ever latrine building campaign for them to plug in. you know, in his speech, he said that a nation like india, which sends its own satellites into space, can no longer allow it people to relieve themselves outside. the figures are stark at the time of the 900000000 people in the world who had no sanitary facilities. 40 percent were indian that not only due to the vastness of

the country or its lack of infrastructure. the high prevalence of outdoor di vacation in india is also due to a cultural problem. some dr. bat act created. so lab international, which wants to put an end to a tradition that's lasted thousands of years in india. the one which involves leaving the handling of pooped to the untouchable cast away our child. i does, i go through it and put me to soil, foul gun. and to dink gout, you are in the ancient sacred techs of hinduism, required a man to difficult and arrows flight from his home. and if there was unfortunately, excrement very close to your home, it was considered absolutely unclean to take care of it. so the untouchables went from house to house to pick up your feces.

leakage when we're hungry or thirsty people gave us water or left over food on the good that the gun, but without ever touching us. so what do anything else pick to that? it's what we've always done generation after generation. i got a ledger. there has never been any other option for us. give it a little of the food that would have gone a lot, a lot of gum vanilla. if we had tried to sell vegetables on the no one would have bought them just think you're being get they go ah, i don't about himself a miss. and to break with tradition. my steady clients, my steady. oh, it's a school for children of untouchables. everything is devoted to showing that excrement has value that it can be used to make gas. dr. patrick wants to convince

his fellow citizens that toilet's are desirable space, and that you should have one at home rather than d, vacating outdoors. he has even created a toilet museum for business, which generates the money for dr. paddock. organization is public paid toilets, thousands of which are spread all over india employing more than $35000.00 people. he's even creating the taj mahal of public urinals, all this, so that the hindu culture of hating excrement no longer hinders toilet adoption. in this matter, dr. paddock inspired prime minister in the rend remoting. a campaign is called swash, but which means clean india mission. for an emblem it uses gand is little round glasses been not at all given up. it's an unprecedented construction effort. tens of millions of rudimentary dry communications campaign, son, giovano,

beyond the prime minister, was filmed, sweeping streets and inaugurating toiletry. bollywood movie was even made about a woman who doesn't want to marry her fiance. if he doesn't have home latrines as you're going into. i see kiki dodge melbourne idea. age of what i got to him. i mean tom, the batch on the alondo law of mom by became the face of toilets, brother young. oh. so cha by welcome, artificial. actually it's about converting a nation to defeat coating in a whole and a border on october. the 2nd 2019 on gand is a 150 his birthday. marin dra moody once again addressed his people and the world. he announced that no one deviated outside any more. oh my god! oh i big i do. oh god i saw donna gone miramar!

yes, we've got busy with these. i was not to upset the world's biggest democracy in india. the army and the delivery are not the same. do they oh, of the 100 and then 1000000 by let it is anybody guess whether it is 50000000 or 30000000 or 80000000? we do not know. i think the only thing we can know is that the low bang has promised to if they can prove that by let it been use and today i think there has still not yet this the review that the 3000000000 de chose to massively subsidize latrines which often went on used to this day in india, people are still deviating by the side of the road. ah,

they also on the back is that we embarked on this adventure with the gates foundation to discover the code of some toilet uses in china. india and other places. yeah, yeah. i see. so we did some science together for the adventure lasted several years here. thank you, and i want you to press on that in 4 months g m. initially researches traveled to collect fecal odors at the source in latrines in india, kenya, uganda and south africa. from this fitted round the world trip and they brought back a nation of 5 compounds which cleverly balanced, could reproduce the exact odo of excrement. yes, signed to the approval of feces, no war and taste and smell a tied to emotions. so could we bring positive emotions to the poorest among us who

lack access need produced a powder to throw in the bowl, a spray and a hanging air freshener. and is already sold in several african and asian countries where a start up is developing a new toilet bus model exclusively for women. that's a fundamental aspect revealed by this toilet revolution. lack of access to sanitation has a much greater impact on women and on men. and bellagio, marino scotia, in a world mostly made up of male engineers and technicians, is an activist for this cause. among thanks to the lack of access to toilets and hygiene for women is definitely the central issue in this conversation. thank you. for some women. it might mean getting up very early before the rest of the family waiting to go late at night, or for why. why let's what her dollars on any sand peak that's dangerous, you know, figure anything else. they say we know it is linen hygiene problems,

infections or do duke was no. that's why solutions like the bosses of really great because they have diapers, stations in classroom assistance and support for women and their personal hygiene. poly fan, don't you get none of that out in a field? i knew the family and that's and then in recent months stuff by the mom that can create major health problems. that payment nanda pintos wasa kailey gold pub in listen, the indian ocean is playing a crucial role in the ongoing toilet revolution because of the endemic drought in south africa. but also more surprisingly, because of the end of apartheid, my challenge was to prepare for the new south africa. and as united a project you had, you had a central city which was mainly what people surrounded by a sea of poverty, which was mainly african people. many of whom had no services from 1996 until 2000

. that was easy to motivate for money for water because that was the big issue. but we called problem because then there was creating sewage and the surge was just running through the houses and causing problems. and then in, in 2002, which she said, we need sanitation with neil mccloud at the helm. the municipality of durban has become a pioneer in the separation of urine and fecal matter to save water. it's also testing alternative solutions to the western flush toilet and waterborne sewage system. a research group of the universe, naturally one day bill gates came across neil mccloud, his pollution research group, and the crazy sanitation history of durbin. and we got the exit talk in the morning, the somebody coming to see you and you can't tell anybody. i thought it was going to be bill gates, his father and up walked bill gates and i knew you know what he went to show me why

you keep your deposit off that, that they did the rug sector. and i said, well, you know, my, on such it was, i don't need your money, i need your interests. and we took him out, chris, back, they came with me and we showed him what we were doing. and our partnership was evolving. and he went back and he started investing his annotation and the rest is history. i mean, he started the reinvent the toilet challenge and we became the engineering field test center. yeah. for old. so when the reinvent the toilet competition was launched by the bill and melinda gates foundation, durban, and it's hundreds of shanty towns were chosen to test the competing toilets designed by chinese american and swiss universities. there were technical challenges, but there was socio logical ones too. among the 10 systems tested in the shanty towns of durban, a chinese company had a spectacular failure in south africa,

you do very quickly, their brand new system broke down in dublin and it took days to get it back in service. we had a lot of sledge build up, so those are things that we had to deal with on the ground and figure out how to, how to solve and, and ultimately, you know, just sort of came to realization that the way that the process was um, another country and bringing it into a developing country where the municipalities generally did not have the skills or the capacity to maintain and operate. are you able to maintain it? are you able to operate at? do you have the necessary manpower to do it? ah, hello. you're going to see the future. bill gates has a major technological bent. you can't really reproach him for that. back. is that bent, which has made him one of the richest men in the world from selling computer operating systems to most of us windows environment. when he decided to reinvent the toilet,

said that it could be used easier and he came out the universities which worked for him, developing chemical solutions reactors to destroy the bacteria in fecal matter. electrolysis based treatment was the toilets end up looking like spaceships, highest, loft. she's done the inject, the valve closes, and the reaction occurs to it combustion detect this eco matter is then heated to the cell by i think originally, bill gates was thinking in this way. he thought when he was, you'll be able only to compute a little bit of information today, the computing power on our cell phone. is it the long the goal? therefore, he's believe when technology can be introduced, then everything becomes smaller and smaller. the only difference between the

computer and this is that the compute the is in bytes. and you can just keep on growing the bytes without growing the size. whereas the pope is in apple. you cannot be dipped ice hook. you will always physically has that 200 grams every time. well, i brought a little exhibit here. ah, this is a container of human p fie's. i dana think once in a speech i released mosquito this we're gonna keep in the char. ah, ah, but in, i think even though it's very stark. ah, it's good to be reminded. ah, particles 20000000000 she gallia gallop bacteria and 800000 parasitic were makes which you've got

a little animation on the podium at his conference at the re invented toilet takes berlin bay. jing the billionaire, prove that he is a master of communications. he achieves the unthinkable, putting toilets on the global agenda. he also successfully imposed a new narrative that excrement can be profitable if it's of the haunt of new industries which produce energy and fertilizers. the toilet board coalition was built on the dream of being able to transform poor people's pope into money is that the collection of fecal matter in poor countries will be enough to create sufficient energy like bio gas or electricity to finance the whole sanitation system to become tighter and beijing, everything seemed to be going great. the universities were proudly presenting their new toilet solutions in your and bill gates announced that the technology that his foundation had financed are ready to be adopted by the market. here. this

oppertunity. ah, that at some point is getting by without any sort of philanthropic grant money, that it really just a balls. are it to companies competing to buy the best product using these new paradigm models? priorities have changed. the high per technological solutions advocated by bill gates are having a hard time finding a foothold in the challenge our waste management. it was an afternoon like any other biologist. phillipe marie asia knows home in a village in the swiss alpine foothills. there he's testing experimental toilet models which use nature particularly on that compet won't be able to contact i. vic, we've completely lost touch with the side and proximity of our excrement lap hawks . emitted the north toward this, but it's gone. i think the on the that we don't know what happens to it or not,

but there are no risks. was no odors good of what? when you see a field big enough to feed a cow thrones of earthworms right there under its feet. touch yeah. quad done the vet that there. it's the earth worms that are hard at work all over duke worms, i'll fire it there long intestine added newly more gum they love, even more so than us. that guts, packed in a thin skin. barley didn't but get pushed to pull their even better by reactors than we are yolk act of those so much. so this fecal matter inhabited and colonized by mushrooms and earth worms in your becomes edible again for one of the vin yoko missed the eat, what they excrete about that 4 times or 5 times. it gap are 4 or 4. phillip malaysia new uses earth worms in his home, made toilets to kill bacteria and render the fecal matter harmless. heat relieves himself in a g. o. you might think that this professor calculus of the

restroom, this earthworm fanatic isn't a very serious person and that he's not going to. so the global toilet problem. ah, no, him to geneva. what of the city it's residence? decided to develop a more ecological sanitation system, which could re inject waste water into a very low volume flush toilets. so they called felipe, malaysia knew who rounded up his worms for people then for 300, if you like. and then last with a bunch of, by the, the odms with 300 people would be pretty good on the, on the after that, the next thing, the neighborhood. you could do this in a whole neighborhood. if you look at these lovely earthworms, you'll see

a nice big bunch of them are you up. it's a big pool in the buildings, courtyard full of straw excrement. analysts worms, a giant filter which makes it possible to treat organic matter. and even a lot of campaign juris purifying it. they're composed can then safely be used to fertilize the gardens. it doesn't smell bad at most. there's a slight smell of humus wafting in the pit. oh, if it's done. mcdonald there is maintenance, right. if it's in a city, don't you have to take the full on off of it? oh, here we have the decomposition of all the component was the whole, the sugar polymer circle into carbon dioxide and water through this affair it will effect. in fact, i've ethnic food, it said legal authority. so when you see this hyper modern building in central geneva, it worms on clean up duty in the courtyard. that's

good said the hotel goal is to get water. that's clean isn't what comes out of the treatment plant or at least it's clean but cleaner, if possible, it's not hard to achieve because water from treatment grants isn't very clean. that's all the brush on the 4 pipe up. it's that he counted on rapidly digested through injecting oxygen get a buck which helps develop bacteria that consumers, if you don't hear from enough, we're at the 1st stage of waste water treatment. this involves removing the large waste that comes in from the sewers. because the more we find tree branches, sanitary wipes, all kinds of waste. it's vital that we remove it from the water before it gets treated. at 1st, you focus on the pete about something else entirely. this sanitation revolution challenges our entire waste management system because all sorts of things and water is okay for gina, it's the water generated by our household activities,

the toilet water, the gray water from our daily activities activity you can keep, you could, you could see it's also the water use for artists and all and industrial purposes. so lead was wandered akina. lastly, you know, it's rain water which washes the air and the city herself, are you let it have the principal you were at the activated sledge treatment stage . it removes nitrogen and phosphorus from the water, sorta. how do we do it on forever? again, of course, in addition to feces, waste water carries a whole bunch of chemical product, school, micro pollutants, and they're much harder to treat unequal. pull your uncle about. we are on the micro pollutants in our sludge, and this is the problem which if they come from many different sources and what was yours, you are sell us in particular, no scuse to say like, what you were saying is quite right, la scuba. when we go about our business, all last, when are washing the dishes, et cetera, we're not, we're not, none of those activities lead us to not what you are without

a realizing it activity. she and to use many compound songs all many and get the clean the bathroom ball stuck with a nasty job in the house naked guns that total action vanish try it believes it's true that for decades we were encouraged to throw as many chemicals as possible into our toilet bows to eradicate the slightest bacterium jobs right under the worse as human kind invent. new compounds with i'm, produces new compounds without having studied the hom, they might do to human health of the environment and they look out back, look, nurse him, you, they for lot. so do men, april, so to love you one more, or we're creating an increasingly serious problem. result, people, not only of these synthetic compounds not removed in treatment plans and also moon this or they also accumulate in places where we really don't want them to approve oval sac remotely. i dissolve while we're going to have bonded to kill, to have to give sanitary facilities to those who don't yet have any. it's also

about giving developing countries, small treatment plans to avoid investing colossal especially in south africa where yeah, we don't have the space. so i think that the, you know, the facilities to put in more big large, you know, central and also environmentally to have on site sanitation treatment or decentralized and treatment systems. rather than putting in extensive, you know, piping etc, to, to take everything to a central place. it's much better to treat it at source. and if you can take that in and produce something useful out of it that's, that's even better. so solve our 1st world problems, decentralization treatment in each neighborhood, or each residence could enable us to better control what we release into nature. and maybe it would make more responsible for onsite treatment, the centralized treatment we can really improve the overall sanitation says i there will always be a place for centralized systems, definitely,

but not for every location. so we, we can also, we also have to rethink the water use. so now we have to water supply and it's, it's such a big achievement that we have fresh water drinking water supply by pipes. but do we really need drinking water for toilet flushing? and do we really need to picture recycle water? so in large buildings, we can treat the gray water. so that's the water from the bathroom and from the kitchen will not the toilet water we connected through. there are the easily to reuse it for toilet flush. we should do that, we should explore new options with. so it's not just about the little boys or little girls room for the last 10 years. this broad, re think of the way in which we manage our most basic waste is a definite point of no return around the world. the vast majority of waste water, more than 80 percent goes untrue shams to excessive al gay growth and to the us

fixation of the sea floor. the way in which we manage our excrement isn't insignificant. it's the very heart of life. fecal matter and urine have always fed the ground which feeds us far away as possible. we replaced natural fertilizers with chemical fertilizers or memo the candidate because we started living in city deal of the land. it was too costly to return to the earth things which should be returned to the f one, the other that we created. instability end up with earth, worms at home to eat our experiment on this idea. that faces should return to the ground that we can't content ourselves with getting rid of these substance. be the foundation for the launch of the upcoming toilet revolution. that doesn't go say, whoa, whoa, whoa,

whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, yeah, that we had a oh, they all share a belief in peaceful coexistence in lucy san george, near paris. this is nothing unusual. each of the world's major religions has its own place of worship it. it's a unique place of exchange hosting many inter religious services, a focus on europe in 30 minutes on d. w. and they were underestimated and discriminated again,

what is the secret to their success? what had with and what do they need to to achieve true, a quantity made in germany 90 minutes on d, w. o. in y, dwayne extremists, i suggested again, well maybe a couple late and burned in south africa. people with disabilities more likely to lose their jobs in the same sex marriage is being legalized in more and more countries, discrimination and inequality, or everyday life for many. ah, we ask why? because life is diversity to make up your own mind

in d. w. need for mines oh .