ah, we explore the routes of this conflict. in the 1st part of our documentary, the long israel usa in 45 minutes on d w. it's tina a sex phone operator who wrote her master's thesis on potato, raring to read. oh, not a turn on. well, it gets more ridiculous from their d. w literature list. good german must read. ah, ah, ah ah,

lay down on wait a 2nd, we're 2nd now. now let's go with surfing is not that easy. the pros always make it look so simple, casual and relaxed. but for me, it's a real challenge. ah, no, let's go, let's go. still it's fun. yeah . right away. yes, it was. good way. sun, pleasant bought the temperature and above all great waves. these are the perfect

conditions for learning to serve. i've come to the algarve in southern portugal because the winter in northern europe is just too cold for me, but i won't just soak up the sun and catch some waves. i want to properly explore this region and you get to come along. i'm taking a boat trip through the here for more than natural park. i visit the fishing island of columbia and a hike along the west coast of the elgar. ah, but 1st i'll take you to all young in the south east of the elgar.

oh is a fishing village and that's why you can find fish basically everywhere. well that's not an option for me as a vegetarian, but i'm hungry. so take a look at one of the most traditional market halls in the al garff miracles you'll young. there's one hall only for fish and sea food, and there's another one for meat fruits and vegetables. and i think i'll find something there with on saturdays farmers from the surrounding villages come too young to sell vegetables and fruit and flowers. it's pretty crowded here with an official you can find everything that was caught during the night, sardines and muscles, squid and tuna. mm. mm. well i know that the l gar,

and fishing they just belong together. but this all doesn't appeal to me at all. and i would like to smell with bad looks good. this is my place to be for g hello. i'd like to handle something tasty from the region. then the source about his own this one we, we want to push the how much of the back. okay. big starts with elements trailers,

g fiegel in portuguese. a typical pastry from the algorithm. ah, ah, smells pretty good. the are the said stacy now i want to explore the old town. it looks a bit like marrakech or a tinge year in morocco. no wonder, in the 8th century, the arabs conquered the narrow strip of coast, which they called i'll guard, meaning the west. they route the region for almost 500 years and left their mark. however, all yellow only came into being in the 18th century when the congress had already left. but their architectural style characterizes the place to this day

these are as old as yours. ceramic tiles. there are tiles that are traditionally painted by hands, and there are tiles that are manufactured industrially like these here. and you can find as illegals basically everywhere in portugal. oscillation, beautifully painted, ceramic tiles have come to symbolize portugal. the word is era, they can all written and names, little polished stuff. the technique originated in persia and was passed along across north africa to spain and portugal. the design has changed continuously over the years. now that can be found everywhere, especially in the capitalist. please now he, beryl has been in charge of the preservation of these works of urban art for the past 20 years or even go to our school, the audio visual we've been living with them day to day for 800 to 900 years. a

procedure for 0 grizzers novice even today. what is there? keep producing new tile patterns and stuff. i gotta like these minerals here behind me. oh my god. it's an art form that's constantly evolving and hasn't gotten meyer down in the moorish influences was employers years. maurice, good santavicca's son ona factory and this been turns out very special toys, founded in 1741. it's portables, oldest tile manufacturers. today it's headed by francisco too much. the oscillations are still made by hand. the techniques have barely changed in about 300 years from the time mass production began. and that was for a very pragmatic reason. p. f. quick in 1755, destroyed the city of placement, almost completely to rebuild the city. they had stone and tire at the time.

tire was much cheaper than stone and do you to the volume of buildings being, being made at a time. they start to develop, developing some designs to cover all the, the facets of off lisbon. so this was the turner turn turning point on the 3 off the sir big tiles, impartial. every oscillation starts with play being pressed until a month. then it's a matter of weighting the tiles can take up to 2 months to dry. after that, they're fired at almost $1100.00 degrees celsius for 18 hours. so after the 1st firing, you have now the 1st quality control check. she's a very important phase because as the targets hand meet, it is always possible with this natural clay that we use to leave air bubbles on the inside. and it's more just the majority of the times. it's only possible to detect them using

a scientist. because the metallic sound that it tell us that this is a we have a bottle, the sand is completely different. outside portugal, the united states is the main buyer for the tiles. aside from the many tours, of course, and unfortunately the little artworks often catch the eye of thieves as well. y'all was very clear. so a few decades ago, there was a big wave of oscillation of steps for the antique market for a former cabo and the quadrille. he was a nowadays people realize the true importance of the tiles. was there more sensitive information campaigns of raised awareness to day people have greater respect for their own heritage? yours on more, your spoke with him on your po, to goes famous, oscillations like open picture books. they tell stories from the past 500 years

now i would like to do that myself fainting as alicia. i booked to workshop with ceramic artist bernadette machines. believe it. how does this work? well, it's very easy. this is the titles. it's like, it's like these, wendy eats, say you don't go to a document, and then you have to address fan weight these annually. these papa like these. ah, okay. yes, he did a half and then i nowhere to paint. this is graffiti. and when we put in the guilty, disappear, okay. you just stay the banking lead door with the pigment. is this okay? softly? yes. nice. the better i see the lines. the better is my paint of what you're saying. it's okay. first step. done 1st death.

yes. now you'll begin to painting. this is a special pigment, florida as a wage. and for ceramic, it's a blue call, but it's very traditional in the title to eat in the in block. chill go eat. so it is even from the all. and this is a pigment, it just the what the pigment. you have to mix very well. and then you think, let's see, the better if you begin in the center in the center. okay? yes, yes, blue this is for people who are very calm. so it's little difficult for me. it's very nice because that that yeah, of course,

but i think i shouldn't drink coffee in the morning because my hand is not so good right now. well, do all day. you can you like this benefit. this is close to perfect, but it's not perfect. so maybe you can help me out a bit. okay. yeah, a begin. and then it goes into the kill. ah. 24 hours later. this is what i've been waiting for a oh, this looks great. yeah. perfect. well, this is great teamwork, right? yes. perfect, thank you. thank you very much for showing me the pain. bye bye bye. ah

. right at the edge of all young is a unique nature preserve here for most of the gone the best way to discover the natural park is to take a boat across the lagoon. my boat is right over there. all are well, well. so this is necessary, right? yeah, perfect, good. ah, my skippers name as well. he studies marine biology, sea water and san things. this is all natural lagoons, channels and inlets combined to form a 60 kilometer almost primeval natural,

paradise. the here for more than a natural park at high tide, atlantic ocean water flows in and at low tide back out again. the result is a unique ecosystem for plants and thousands of animals that live here, or at least spend the winter here. who's the lagoon also provides a livelihood for many fishermen and muscle growers. you can see them pick up getting the clamp the want to catch that and you can see that they are working. they have a whole day know, 3 hours before the low tide in 3 hours after the low side in the, in these pipe off clamp farms, you have clam farms and are okay a little bit under. so we have to wait more time. me about 4 kilometers out

from like the barrier island laptop, one of several islands that shield to the goon landscape from the open sea. with no hope. no cars, no rush. ah, this looks like the caribbean cruise, there is a long family, traditional laptop. almost everyone is a fisherman or shellfish farmer, their specialty portuguese oysters. most shellfish are sold to france. sylvia genia also makes the living from oyster farming. she wants to preserve the traditions of her island and has therefore founded in association.

ah, sylvia doesn't speak english. fortunately, i do speak portuguese. oh hello. i'm lucas. part of it. does it? sylvia, do you like your job? my job isn't hard because i enjoy it. but if you like the work, it's not hard. while it's easy. basil can you make a good living diginero calling as a w. c. s, and i can help others you'll side as if you help them to earn enough to be able to live from their work. especially the young people with the chavez was yet you had like i show them that it's possible to rent from raising oyster here to look at it . so gloucester, what are you doing within the association? so think don't watch at eve, but army primary aim is to preserve the identity of this area. their school got a lot better, will got scheduled fishing, cold merchandise and oyster and muscle growers have always lived cheer you who you

object hebrew class here. so it's him there as they like to enable the people here to keep on working at fishing and raising clams. so they'll be able to live from the ria in the future as well. she put the, put, even in the ria st. everybody works independently here. so everyone has their own fishing boat and their own duties. ask a few sill that's important for people to be happy if the form of the v v a put the association aims to preserve this happening. i had to put in vida, we secure a good living conditions for such as running water and electricity the but we also out good work on condition was he's supposed to be that them base them look at he had on the flight that that of i and in addition, our work is sustainable with physical, my, you it, they the empty, the others will allow you to thank you with huge array of species found in here for most a natural park also includes octopus,

they are traditionally caught with clay jacks. well, however, this is quite time consuming and that's why many fishermen and now using other techniques ah, ah, when night falls in southern portugal, it's time for marie to no garret to put out to sea. he said course for his fishing grounds to nautical miles from the kindest then like many other fishermen, he can bring up up to it that way. a great grandfather's my grandfather and my father's fist for octopus. my brothers are also fishermen. you've got to have it in your blood. it's a hard job. then he takes all you've got to give. i don't know that he's got to fight high winds and heavy seas. but 45 year old mauricio, no error has dedicated himself to keeping up the tradition. he uses only the old

method, dropping clay jugs into the sea, all tethered to a line, a winch pulls the jugs up out of the water. some of them containing an octopus that a shelter for the night inside. this method of fishing is fairer. this gets into the jug to sleep and can swim back out again in time. with the plastic meyer pod traps. the traps like these not actual parts are in use more and more often. maricia blames them for the gradual decline and octopus in the region. yeah, that yeah, me 40 years ago there weren't any traps. only clay jugs mom. my father told me that they used to be octopus the whole year around. ya to day more and more, the jugs are being replaced by the traps long and some nights. i hardly catch anything at all till may a thinkin awful governor, the fisherman of santa lucia, the hub of octopus fishing in the l. gov. no, all about the different methods. 57 year old raw keen olivera decided to use the

traps and set them with bait. he's looking for efficiency and convenience. he can even bring up the traps during the daytime or winter, but it is the octopus goes out here and count it out again. one deliver meal that a by now up until 2000 yolando i was working with les jogs, was it then i switched to fish traps because they're not so exhausting to work with . it might go fishing is easier and you simply catch more. my 20 that mauricio can hardly keep up with the trappers. they earn far more. this night once again, his catches relatively small. 50 of us weighing about 70 kilos. octopus fishing is heading for a change. the clay jugs are steadily being replaced by plastic containers. but plastic means big problems will the see my father hunger and marine

biologist from the university of al. gov warns against using plastic the oceans are already a wash in micro particles. she campaigns the greatest sustainability and awareness among fishermen, through a project in the region around 27 percent. the whole plastic that is in the fi come from last years are, are efficient devices. so there's, there's, there's a huge problem there with those, this bottom. the other fishing gears that get lost and are made of plastic material . sustainability is also highly important to maurice, in fishing with clay jugs may not be very profitable, but mauricio is optimistic and determined to stick with the old method. so they will be plenty of octopus in the sea and on dinner plates in years to come vo garff may be a natural paradise,

but it has its share of problems. periods of drought have left the rivers dry and the forests vulnerable to fire. agriculture use as much of the available water with of color plantations. as an example, avocados have experienced a real boom in recent years, and to be honest, i like to eat them too. and if you could see, they're also grown here in the oligarchy. this has both advantages and disadvantages when the fruit of fashion generates 4 times more profit than the oranges and lemons, traditionally grown in the region. but the color, cultivation and mono cultures is criticized worldwide. above all, the large water consumption of the super fruit is problematic. i meet and it's a class and from the his that archie association, she lives in the village of biology. sounds well and wants to prevent the spread of further of color plantation with her association. and it's, and it's,

and i have to be honest. and i also like eating and ample cargo. is this a problem in? i'm one of the cato or are you in moderation? no problem one, but the mono cultures are a problem, especially in a country that's actually very hot and dry because the cato is a tropical fruits and it doesn't really belong here. the reservoir is half empty. is the ever cattle to blame? yes, think it's, it says this because i'm, i think it's also the water management system as a whole. no action is taken when we've had less precipitation and they just use more water than they were using in the years before it's flat enough. but what exactly does your association propose? i've a manley greater bio diversity one instead of monoculture, slend different crops should be planted on one piece of ground is that's better for the soil, and the water management is better because the plants compliment to one another lesson. some plants bring water up while others make for less evaporation. that's

very important. the mana cultures belong to the past. they're outdated at thomas asked, what can i do as a consumer, if a like to eat of a carlos, but don't necessarily want to harm the environment. what can i personally do as soon as has asthma, vinegar, awful cuddle cows? first of all, by fewer av condos, that's clear, and then maybe do without cosmetic products that use of a coast or alternate with other things. maybe eat another carter once a week and not 3 times a day. i am to thank you. thank you. pleasure. i continued to the west coast of the oligarchy. lonely white, sandy beaches, steep cliffs. the rough atlantic. the west coast is not just a bay thing, surfing, paradise. it's also great fun for outdoorsy people. the climate in the oligarchy is pretty mild and winter. it's just perfect for

activities, for which it's too hot and summer. for example, hiking my hiking trail. the real uses pisca though it is. the path of the fisherman leads along the wild atlantic coast. i hike from north to south because the wind comes from the north and it pushes me a bit. oh, this is pretty steep. pure and natured far away from the cities. my destination is the cowboy g selby senshi the cape of st. vincent. the most southwestern point of mainland europe, from this cape, the great portuguese explorers sale towards africa and america in the 15th century . you could say that this is the spot where europe and that's the atlantic ocean over there is north america, and over there is south america,

moralist that's quite far away. this spot is kind of magical. and i don't think that there's a better place to and my little trip to the algorithm. so by see you next time somewhere else in europe with blue. ah, ah ah, with

a secret war that began over 40 years ago has been waging relentlessly even until today the war between iran on one side and on the other israel and the united states. we explored the roots of this conflict in the 1st part of our

documentary, the long israel usa in 15 minutes on d w, which is a healthy and in which quantities. on this episode we focus on nutrition. will explain which diet really help you lose weight. next week not is an effective sugar substitute and how the wrong food damage auntie. in good shape. 90 minutes on d w. oh . i wish i could have done more to save, you discover stories that you just

click away. find out best documentary on youtube. oh yeah, really good morning. see the world as you've never seen it before. dr. now, t d w documentary, all the question of all the questions about life, the universe and everything. do you know the answer? well then give it here. for the the answer to almost everything our documentary series with lever raising the ground breaking on the after life. are we getting dumber and dumber? how can we feed every one questions for the present?

a future ap heads filled with ideas. so get ready for the brain update. 40 to the answer to almost everything starts january 15th on d, w. ah, ah ah, this is g w, news line from berlin. a historic battle for one of the most important jobs in us leadership is over. so i do, congratulations. i after 15 ballad republican kevin mccarthy wins about to become speaker of the house of.