so in the future, ah, well here's a reminder of the top story or following for you. orthodox christians in ukraine have been celebrating christmas despite the war. in chief, a christmas eve service was held at the historic patricia church glover, a monastery elsewhere. russian front line troops have also been attending service. that's all for now. up next is doc film with the great toilet battle detailing a revolution in human waste. don't miss that. i'll see you again at the top of the next turn. take imagine how many portion of lunch are thrown out in the world. climate change very often stores. this is my plan, the way from just one week. how much we can really get we still have time to go. i'm going with

what 5th moon we eat, we bring whatever one into our body. it comes out and we cannot speak about him. do makes no sense with it. i don't say if i don't say toilets or excrement because it doesn't help with sun, doesn't blow as they lulu with i want to talk to you today about toilets. we're not allowed to say, and that's part of the problem in we refused the words because we refused the reality. on average, a human produce is more than 70 kilos of excrement per year. globally,

that represents 550000000 tons of waste, which must be evacuated and treated, exclaimed management world wide poses a sanitation, an ecological challenge, which we almost never talk about. and yet, you probably don't know that we are experiencing a huge toilet revolution. 10 years ago mil gay to explore the world for his foundation discovered that pope kills. according to the world health organization, half the world's population doesn't have safe toilets. nearly 700000000 human beings deviate outside. the problem is that poor sanitation causes diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis a and typhoid a kills nearly $400000.00 children each year. bill gates thought he could fix that by inventing a new kind of toilet for these countries. they rel, terrible, no, that's not the kind of toilet is financing. in 2011, bill gates launched

a major international competition called reinvent the toilet. the toilet of the future must be able to remove all the harmful pathogens from human waste and recover resources like energy, clean water, and nutrients. they must also work without a network without running water and almost without electricity. to see these toilets financed by gates, we went to switzerland to a kind of harvard for p. a university which specializes in separating fecal matter . and you are in toilets in order to better recover all the good things contained in the liquid. we produce more to come up with this new sanitation system. he actually consulted some friends and the next you, they came up with a if

a system how we could look like, you know, and you know, you how to use chemical, physical processes in your process. how to treat the excreta and he actually sent this sketch, you know, this idea out if this invitation to participate and to reinvent the tar, the challenge. and he was extremely technological, you know, so i think sounds like super critical water oxidation or electrolysis. you know, this process really fit nicely in this picture and this plan the ear wag institute is participating in bill gates is competition because for decades they have been a global reference in research on water and sanitation. they invent a lot of machines and systems to turn your in into fertilizer and this is your, it's operating toilet, se produced by law. this

is the collection tank where we collect a urine from this building. this is the biological reactor where we stabilize the urine. in this column, pharmaceuticals are removed if activated, carbon after pharmaceutical removal, but uranus stored here, and later brought to the distiller or concentration. this is the final fertilizer product. oh, the at the outset here wag was going to call it's fertilizer made from switch students. you're in, you're in an in house communications manager suggested they switched the letters to draw inspiration from the latin word for gold instead. that's why they chose. oh, are in to be clear, the ear wag institute separate, you are in and fecal matter and collects students you're in because number one,

it's easier to treat our waste when it's separated. number 2, most of the nutrients had concentrated in the urine. and most of the bacteriological bombs, the ones that kill children, are concentrated in the feces. one afternoon we found ourselves that one of the biggest factories in the world, the sin of, i'll waste water treatment plant in paris for a while. i see it, it will port here. you see the sledge produced at our facility, but that will, that pile is 2 days worth. the sledge will be carbonized, which will make it hygienic. then we can spread it on agricultural field, so pipe will not have you got another dose as is it? the fact that people like bill gates want to invent almost to dry toilets, which separate urine and fecal matter always brings us back to one question. why did rich countries choose the flush, the toilet which uses so much water and

a central sewer system terminating at a waste water treatment plant? until the mid 19th century in major european cities, the most common custom was to empty your bucket out of the window. the streets were so filthy that the scientists of the day ended up wondering if the bad odors themselves were causing the epidemics. that was called the miasma theory. who in $1858.00 london was sweltering and the level of the thames where all the excrement was dumped was at its lowest. the stench was so strong that the members of parliament feared they'd fall ill. it took powerful people smelling the odor for the tide to turn. this event called the great stink was the spark, which launched

a vast undertaking. the city was gutted to create a centralized sure system. thousands of kilometers were dug up the same time in several major cities like in paris, which had nearly 3000 kilometers of sewer pipes. the same period saw the invention of the flush toilet the height of efficiency when it came to making what you didn't want to see any more disappear. discussed for fecal matter is a human constant. and our super expensive and sophisticated system does all it can to evacuate excrement every day. we produce about one over the urine and about 200 grams of why do you want to add another few gallons of water to make the problem bigger and then

go and fill it out. it must be crazy. when you're working on the toilet tissue, you constantly hear about mister toilet. a business man in singapore who at the age of 40, realize that all he had done was accumulate money based on the life expectancy of a singapore young man. he calculated how many days he had left to live and decided to devote them to a single cause, the revolution of sanitary facilities. so when i was 3 or 4 years old, we live in a come phone, which is like a love village. and we do not have pilot in our own house. the toilet is in the role of hot with british backet system. so you go up a few steps and you are squatting on the blank. and then the you put into a bucket. when the bucket truck comes to collect it and replace it with fresh new one, everybody wants to go to the pilot. but after

a while is the full of other people's and the different colors. and then you have any pets with the bloods violet paper. and the flies immediately come and there it is. very, very disgusting and very disturbing mister toilet. but all his weight behind the battle against sanitation inequality. he wanted the whole world to take on the issue he found in the world toilet organization, through which he talks about troops on every continent. over the last 10 years, the stars have aligned the u. n's sustainable development goals of put sanitation at the center of global concerns. for n g o's, for the people who always worked in development, it's a toilet moment, they feared, would never come. a furnace from billiards, rational c, p o,

the bill gates foundation founded several studies and research labs in the field of sanitation to try to gather more data on this subject. yeah. i wasn't remotely shocked to see someone outside the field showing interest. okay. junky aren't there . i see. yeah, not like don't ask, it's always good to have a different kind of actor in the development sector up with someone who's able to challenge our own development practices. look more here with gap. there's a complimentary dynamic in that kind of approach. paul paul pipe, he could develop on mush response gone the almost when was due company more died he was he no dancers or suton dotted sugar push. all development experts will tell you for decades, rich countries have been digging dry toilets in poor countries to bury waste. and they have a very hard time convincing states that it's a vital public health issue. all that was true until october, the 2nd 2014 i'm

glad you did that. i bought them a lot of good at that by learning about by now. yeah. that, that but on a monthly, hey, i indian prime minister la render and moody. i chose gand, is birthday to announce the launch of the biggest ever latrine building campaign for them to plug in, you know, in his speech, he said that a nation like india, which sends its own satellites into space can no longer allow its people to relieve themselves outside the figures are stark, at the time of the 900000000 people in the world who had no sanitary facilities, 40 percent were indian. that not only due to the vastness of the country or its like of infrastructure. by a prevalence of outdoor di vacation in india is also due to a cultural problem. some dr. pat act created. so lab

international which wants to put an end to a tradition that's lasted thousands of years in india. the one which involves leaving the handling of pooped to the untouchable cast away our child. i does, i go through an eye for that matter. my then mother forced me to swallow foul dun and to drink gout. you'd in the ancient sacred techs of hinduism, required a man to difficult and arrows flight from his home. and if there was unfortunately, excrement very close to your home, it was considered absolutely unclean to take care of it. so the untouchables went from house to house to pick up your feces. the elevator me up in rochester, i picked up peoples fecal matter leakage when we were hungry or thirsty people gave

us water or left over food upon it. but without ever touching her. so said the little they tossed some coins at our feet. we really suffered that we couldn't do anything else pick to that. it's what we've always done generation after generation . i got a little ledger. there has never been any other option for us given all of the food that would have gone a lot, a lot of leak on the new if we had tried to sell vegetables on the no one would have bought them this year been get they can look some of the vehicles go we later was the gun i don't about himself, a member of the very high brahman cast decided to go against his own class interests. and to break with tradition, my study finds my study. oh,

in new delhi, his organization hosts a school for children of untouchables. everything is devoted to showing that excrement has value, that it can be used to make gas for cooking. for lighting, for feeding plant speaker, dr. paddock wants to convince his fellow citizens, the toilets are desirable space and that you should have one at home rather than defecating outdoors. he has even created a toilet museum for business, which generates the money for dr. paddock. organization is public paid toilets. thousands of which are spread all over india employing more than 35000 people. he's even creating the taj mahal of public urinals. all this so that the hindu culture of hating excrement no longer hinders toilet adoption. in this matter,

dr. paddock inspired prime minister in the rend remoting campaign is called swash by that. which means clean india mission for an emblem it uses gand is little round glasses been nodded out and given up, it's an unprecedented construction effort. tens of millions of rudimentary dry toilets are being built all over india in north america. it's also a massive communications campaign. giovanna will be on a prime minister, was filmed, sweeping streets and inaugurating toiletry. if you change nothing, nothing will change. a bollywood movie was even made about a woman who doesn't want to marry her fiance. if he doesn't have home latrines as you're going into i suki kill it. does melbourne idea? age of i what i got to him, i me tell the batch on the island

a law of mom by became the face of toilets. brother. yup. oh. so jello bought a bottle, touchable. it's about converting a nation to defeat, catering in a whole lot about adobe or daughter, bobby martin, bob taylor. and 5 years later on october, the 2nd 2019 on gand is a 100 and 55th birthday. marin dra moody once again addressed his people and the world. he announced that no one defeated outside any more. god, my god got all their i big avo. dilate his theory that done. john ok, good job flow. darma? minima. yes. got busy, right. i don't read the the united nations the n jose bill gates. everyone pretended to believe that so as not to upset the world's biggest democracy in india,

the army and the delivery are not the same. day of the 110000000 pilot. it is anybody guess, whether it is 50000000 or 30000000, or 80000000. we do not know. i think the only thing we can know is that the world bank has promised to distribute to $1000000000.00 to india if they can prove that the pilot is been use. and today i think they has still not yet distribute the 2000000000 dollar re what to serve his own political agenda and their end remote he chose to massively subsidize latrines which often went on used to this day in india. paperless still deviating by the side of the road. ah, elsie, on back is i,

we embarked on this adventure with the gates foundation to discover the code of bad odors. to see what we could do to find a scientific solution for 1st time toilet uses in china. india and other places. yeah, yeah. i mean, so we did some science together for the adventure lasted several years, a prison then in 4 months german issues, researches traveled to collect fecal owed, as at the source in latrines, in india, kenya, uganda and south africa from this fitted around the world trip and they brought back the conviction that beyond climatic and food specificities, there was a combination of 5 compounds which cleverly balanced, could reproduce the exact odo of excrement. yes, this precious nose,

which generally designs the essences of our luxury perfumes has been assigned to the approval of feces, no will and taste and smell a tied to emotions. so could we bring positive emotions to the poorest among us, who lack access to toilets, sandy dre. the technique produced a powder to throw in the bowl, a spray and a hanging air freshener, and is already sold in several african and asian countries. it was tested in india in the city of pone where a start up is developing a new toilet bus model exclusively for women. that's a fundamental aspect revealed by this toilet revolution. lack of access, sanitation has a much greater impact on women and men and be all jail marino. sasha, in a world mostly made up of male engineers and technicians, is an activist for this cause. long day the law have access to toilets and hygiene

for women is definitely the central issue in this conversation said this is every year for some women it might mean getting up very early on before the rest of the family. i want to plan to go and relieve themselves in the field next to their house or village, or waiting to go late at night or providing pilots, $100.00 salmone, any song peak that's dangerous, snowflake. anything else they say? we know it is lead and still leads to sexual violence, may yet one problem, but also to feminine hygiene, problems, infections. do duke was now that's why solutions like the bosses are really great because they have diapers, stations yet, information about aids, information about how to use feminine hygiene products through assistance and support for women and their personal hygiene in holly fan. don't you get none of that out in a field? genuinely, fam, no, no. he n batson, and nor can you wash your hands,

and when he supplement illness, and as we have all learned in recent months by lima, that can create major health problems. that payment nanda pintos wasa kaylee gall palmdo, salty durban, a south african city with 4000000 inhabitants by the indian ocean is playing a crucial role in the ongoing toilet revolution. because of the endemic drought in south africa. but also more surprisingly, because of the end of apartheid, marcela was to prepare for the news of africa. and as you know, the parties you had, you had a central city, which was mainly what people surrounded by a sea of poverty, which was mainly african people. many of whom had no services from 1996 until 2000 . it was easy to motivate for money for water because that was the big issue. but we started to realize that just bringing water to families was causing another

problem and public health problem. because then there was crating sewage and the sewage was just running through the houses and causing problems. and then in, in 2002 we had a color outbreak and that changed everything. suddenly the politicians said, we need sanitation with neil mccloud at the helm. the municipality of durban has become a pioneer in the separation of urine and fecal matter to save water. it's also testing alternative solutions to the western flush toilet and waterborne sewage system. a research group at the university of choir zulu natal is neil macleods experimental branch, that naturally one day bill gates came across neil mccloud, his pollution research group, and the crazy sanitation history of durban. and we got that phone call in december 2000 and nod. please be at the hilton at 6 o'clock in the morning the somebody

coming to see you and you can tell anybody at i thought it was going to be bill gates his father and up walked bill gates. and i knew you know what you want to show me why you keep up your deposit off that they did the rug sector. and i said, well, you know, balance such it was, i don't need your money, i need your interests. and we took him out, chris buckley came with me and we showed him what we were doing. and our partnership was evolving and he went back and he started investing his annotation and the rest was history. i mean, he started the reinvent the toilet challenge and we became the engineering field test center. yeah. for all the work and that's continued on as, as we've made all the advances. so when the reinvent the toilet competition was launched by the bill and melinda gates foundation, durban, and it's hundreds of shanty towns were chosen to test the competing toilets designed by chinese american and swiss universities. there were technical

challenges, but there was socio logical ones too. among the 10 systems tested in the shanty towns of durban, a chinese company had a spectacular failure. and china, you don't, through the toilet paper in the bow. in south africa, you do very quickly, their brand new system broke down in durban and it took days to get it back in service. we had a lot of sledge build up. so those are things that we had to deal with on the ground and figure out how to, how to solve and, and ultimately, you know, it's sort of came to realization that the way that the process was design just wasn't applicable to south africa. yeah, that is one of the challenges when bringing in a system from another country and bringing it into a developing country where the municipalities generally did not have the skills or the capacity to maintain and operate the systems. say yeah, it is something that has to be looked at when you're bringing in a new technology. are you able to maintain it? are you able to operate at?

do you have the necessary manpower to do it? ah, hello. i'm bill gates, chairman of microsoft. in this video, you're going to see the future. bill gates has a major technological bent. you can't really reproach him for that. back. is that bent, which has made him one of the richest men in the world from selling computer operating systems to most of us windows environment? when he decided to reinvent the toilet, said that it could be used even in countries without water and sewer systems. bill gates, his geeky side naturally, came out the universities which worked for him developing chemical solutions reactors to destroy the bacteria in fecal matter. electrolysis based treatment was their toilets end up looking like spaceships, highest the last. she's the injected air, pushes the fecal matter into the reactor high as well as the valve closes and the

reaction occurs. it combustion probably i don't detect eco matter is then heated to between 40600 degrees celsius at about 300 bars of pressure. but i will not i think originally bill gates was thinking in this way. he thought when he was young, a compute the feels silver rooms to be able only to compute a little bit of information. today, the computing power on our cell phone is able to do the job of very, very big i, b, m, compute the longer goal. therefore, he's believe when technology can be introduced, then everything becomes smaller and smaller. the only difference between the

computer and this is that the compute the is in bytes. and you can just keep on growing the bites without growing the size. whereas the put in atoms, you cannot digitize. hope you will always physically has that 200 gram every time. well, i brought a little exhibit here. ah, this is a container of human b thies. i dana think once in a speech i released mosquitoes. this we're going to keep the char ah, ah, but in i think even though it's very stark. ah, it's good to be reminded. ah, a dead inside there could be over 200000000, wrote a virus particles 20000000000 she gallia gallop bacteria, and 800000 parasitic were makes which you've got

a little animation in november 2018. when bill gates placed a jar full of fecal matter on the podium at his conference at the re invented toilet expo in beijing, the billionaire prove that he is a master of communications. he achieves the unthinkable putting toilets on the global agenda. he also successfully imposed a new narrative that excrement can be profitable if it's at the heart of new industries which produce energy and fertilizes. the toilet board coalition was built on the dream of being able to transform poor people's poop into money. one of the main ideas behind the toilet board coalition is that the collection of fecal matter in poor countries will be enough to create sufficient energy, like bio gas or electricity to finance the whole sanitation system to become tighter and beijing, everything seemed to be going great so universities were proudly presenting their

new toilet solutions in your and bill gates announced that the technology that his foundation had financed are ready to be adopted by the market. here. our goal is to create a, a multi $1000000000.00 business opportunity. all that at some point is getting by without any sort of philanthropic grant money, that it really just a balls are into companies competing to buy the best product using these new paradigm. 3 years later, in a world in which we are questioning our development models, priorities have changed. the high per technological solutions advocated by bill gates are having a hard time finding a foothold in the real world. they're probably too costly and they don't challenge all waste management. it was an afternoon like any other biologist. felipe malaysia

knows home in a village in the swiss alpine foothills. there he's testing experimental toilet models which use nature, particularly earthworms, for fecal matter treatment solutions. on that compet won't be able to contact i vic, we've completely lost touch with the side on proximity of our excrement lap hawks. him, it did not come off at the objector, we excrete it. we flush an all disappears toward this, but it's gone. the i think the on the that we don't know what happens to it or not, but there are no risks. was no odors good of what? when you see a feel was big enough to feed a cow throughout the year. i mean, there's 500 killers of, i mean on that cow and 3 tons of earthworms right there under its cache. yet, quad done the vet that there. it's the earth worms that are hard at work on of idea worms, our fire reactors, all the gaudy blue doctors won't be considered even that shape reveal thought their

long intestine and newly more come they lovin more so than us that guts, packed in a thin skin embody, didn't put it cushion to put their even better by reactors than we are. yolk act up going, though, so much so that this fecal matter got inhabited and colonized by mushrooms and earthworms in your becomes edible again for one fact the when you commit to eat what they excrete about 4 times or 5 times it gap are for sulfur. phillip malaysia new uses earth worms in his home, made toilets to kill bacteria and render the fecal matter harmless. a relieves himself in a tube to give his vegetables the good nutrients contained in his urine. oh, you might think that this professor calculus of the restroom, this earth worm fanatic isn't a very serious person and that he's not going to so the global toilet problem.

ah, then phillipe invited us to follow him to geneva. ah, this is a building in the heart of the city it's residence, decided to develop a more ecological sanitation system, which could re inject waste water into a very low volume flush toilets. so they called felipe malaysia knew who rounded up his worms it took him what you were. what do you envision origin that far it was just in your house, but now it's for a 100 people. then for 300, if you and then law street. but she was this owens with $300.00 people would be

pretty good on there after that. the next thing the neighbourhood can do this in a whole neighborhood to pop with. you look at these lovely earthworms scribble a nice big bunch of them. are you up? it's a big pool in the buildings, courtyard full of straw excrement and earth worms. a giant filter which makes it possible to treat organic matter and even a lot of chemicals. the earth worms eat, eliminate, and re ingest everything dangerous, purifying it the combust can then safely be used to fertilize the gardens. it doesn't smell bad at most. there's a slight smell of humus wafting in the pit. oh, it, mcdonald there is maintenance, right? if it's in a city, don't you have to take some of that out from time to time, which is the level not just the with no, everything is transformed off of it. oh, here we have the decomposition of all component was the whole, the sugar polymers, vehicle into carbon dioxide and water. through this affair just perform windows and

all of the residual mineral silver are flushed out with the excess water grill of it. in fact, i've ethnic food, it said legal latonya. so when you see this hyper modern building in central geneva, it's 38 dwellings. it's a $140.00 residence. you'd never imagine that there are millions of worms on cleanup duty in the courtyard. that's good, said the hotel goal is to get water. that's clean isn't what comes out of the treatment plant or at least it's clean but cleaner? if possible, it's not hard to achieve because water from treatment grants isn't very clean. that's all depends on the thought pep up. it's that he counted on rapidly digested through injecting oxygen cathy package helps develop bacteria that consumers digital sugars effectively. that's all easy to digest. i looked to see if i see luxury or at the 1st stage of wastewater treatment. this involves removing the

large waist that comes in from the sewers. we find tree branches, sanitary wipes, all kinds of waste. it's vital that we remove it from the water before it gets treated. at 1st, you focus on the p. poop side of this story. a venue realize that it's about something else entirely. this sanitation revolution challenges our entire waste management system because all sorts of things end up in our treatment plants. i was just as quick and easy or, you know, what is waste water? is okey san gina. it's the water generated by our household activity, some toilet water earlier, gray water from our daily activities activity. so if you did, you could see it's also the water use for artist law and industrial purposes only. there's one to latina. lastly, you know it's rainwater, which washes the air and the city and then flows into the collector's. it's all and

that was one or liquidity la cruz's he to. so i always let it have the credible to where the activated sledge treatment stage. it removes nitrogen and phosphorus from the water, sorta it, oh, how do we do it on forever? again, we use nature. we cultivate the naturally occurring bacteria in the water. of course, in addition to feces, waste water carries a whole bunch of chemical products called micro pollutants. and they're much harder to treat but any hopeful your uncle about we are on the micro pollutants in our sludge. and this is the problem if you can see, come from many different sources. and what was your vision are cell us in particular? no, it was yeah, perfectly. what you were saying is quite right, la scuba when we go about our business. so last, when we're washing the dishes or washing our hair, when we'd our garden remove moss from our roof, et cetera, we're not, we're not, none of those activities lead us to not where you are without a realizing it activity. she and to use many compound songs,

all many and more component and he to did or didn't boys moody acutely, not working, pussy today, i get to clean the bathroom all stuck with a nasty job in the house naked guns that total action vanish. try it. see total action vanish, lifts off water stains, disinfect bleachers. he believes it's true that for decades we were encouraged to throw as many chemicals as possible into our toilet bows, to eradicate the slightest bacterium jobs right under the rim and leaving the problem. the makeup of the problem is that micro pollutants are getting worse as human kind invent new compounds. when i'm produces new compounds without having studied the harm, they might do to human health of the environment and they look out back on the see me. they pour latso, do men april says to love you all were creating an increasingly serious problem. don't recall, not only of these synthetic compounds not removed and treatment plants also move

the salt. they also accumulate in places where we really don't want them to approve . it will suck humidity. i dissolved walden, good body to kill tucker at the outside of his toilet revolution stemmed from the idea that we have to give sanitary facilities to those who don't yet have any. it's also about giving developing countries, small treatment plans to avoid investing colossal sums for waterborne sewage systems, engine treatment plans, especially in south africa where yeah, we don't have the space. so i think that, you know, the facilities to put in more big large, you know, central waste water treatment works. and it makes more sense economically, and also environmentally to have on site sanitation treatment or decentralized treatment systems. rather than putting in extensive, you know, piping cetera. to, to take everything to a central place, it's much better to treat it as source. and if you can take that and,

and produce something useful out of it that's, that's even better at the truth is that new toilets, new waste water treatment models or so. so of our 1st world problems, decentralization treatment in each neighborhood or each residence could enable us to better control what we release into nature. and maybe it would make us more responsible i really believe that the for onsite treatment, the centralized treatment, we can really improve the overall sanitation system. i. there will always be a place for centralized systems, definitely, but not for every location. so we, we can also, we also have to rethink the water use. so now we have to water supply and it's, it's such a big achievement that we have fresh water drinking water supply by pipes. but do we really need drinking water for toilet flushing? and do we really need 50 lettuce per person per day for tight flushing?

we don't need that. so we can, we can actually recycle water. so in large buildings we can treat the gray water. so that's the water from the bathroom and from the kitchen, and will not the toilet water. we connected 3, there are the easily to reuse it for toilet flush. we should do that, we should explore new options. mm hm. so it's not just about the little boys or little girls room for the last 10 years. this broad, re think of the way in which we manage our most basic waste is a definite point of no return around the world. the vast majority of waste water, more than 80 percent goes untreated. how soon are you are in contribute to the over 30 lies ation of the oceans to excessive al gay growth until this fixation of the sea floor. the way in which we manage our excrement isn't insignificant. it's the

very heart of life. fecal matter and urine have always fed the ground which feeds us when fear of disease in cities lead us to banish our waste. as far away as possible, we replaced natural fertilizers with chemical fertilizers or my mom who knew that had thought when we stopped giving back to the soil when we took out of it because i started living in cities. and it was too costly to return to the earth, things which should be returned to the earth that we created, instability. we might not all end up with earth worms at home to eat our excrement or this idea that faces should return to the ground that we can't content ourselves with getting rid of these substances without transforming them. and re integrating them into the life cycle will certainly be the foundation for the launch of the upcoming toilet revolution. with those and go as they were

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gandhi's legacy starts january 28th on b, w. ah ah, this is d w's live from berlin. new debts in iran's crack down on descent as he is, la mac republic hangs 2 more prisoners detained during nationwide. protests in all 4 have now been put to death and many more are facing execution. also coming up in worse guard ukraine orthodox christmas, a salad.