hold sanctions against the quintile, damica. several european and african countries have said they will pull their troops out of the 10 year long peacekeeping mission, citing molly's collaboration with russian mercenaries. europe, today's unbeatable. a news this our up next is our documentary with the 1st part of an endless war which looks at the origins of the conflict, hitting iran against israel and b, nighted states. america and stain on the back of the top of the hour with them were headlines for you, for me and the entire nice team in berlin. thanks for the company. i were interested in the global economy. our portfolio d w business beyond. here's a closer look at the project. our mission to analyze the fight for market dominance

. get us to the head with d w business beyond. ah ah, ah, this is the story of the war that does not speak its name. a war that started over 40 years ago, but has never officially been declare axis of evil, the war between iran on the one side and the united states and israel on the other is both ideological and strategic. a conflict that stirs up passions, presentment and hatred. and word ever to escalate the entire middle east would be effected very possibly triggering

a new global conflict. to understand this potential return of barbaric violence, we must go back in time to unravel the tangled threads of tragedy. seek the elusive truth behind the door must and the certainties and tell this story ah ah ah, the history of the war began on february 1st 1979, a board of flight from paris to terran. ah, an old man is praying. this is ayatollah hall. maney,

he is preparing to radically changed the history of iran victim quantum capero, how to make sure it isn't easy to talk about the greatness of this figure as one of his enemies once remarked, that there had been no one like him for 800 years. and there would be no one else like him for another 1000 years old. oh yeah. and i'm not sure how many historically embodied the people's opposition to the shaw, the all powerful monarch who had reigned over iran for nearly 40 years in exile for 15 years. the ayatollah was finally returning home for the final battle alongside his people. a revolution in the name of shiite is long a new era was about to begin in the middle east. he

ah, ah, ah, a year before for manney's return, an uprising began in tehran in early 1978. hundreds of thousands of iranians took to the streets to challenge their ruler. ah, demonstrators had had enough of a ruler who bent on making iran a great power, sought to impose western style modernity on them either willingly or by force. they viewed it as an unfair and corrupt system that failed to meet the most basic needs of the population. ah, ah, ah,

blue 2 countries had come to embody the imperialism condemned by the demonstrators. 2 countries that supported the shots regime, the united states and israel. today, it is difficult to imagine those 2 countries where the iranian states closest allies you're only the hutch over frosted, local their own, was arguably almost important partner off to the united states in terms of economic intricacies as we undertook some crunch portraits with them back in the 1950s israel had made overtures to the shaw, isolated in an arab world that refused to acknowledge its existence. the hebrew state was looking for non arab partners

a little further afield in the middle east. iran persian pro western, built on a different kind of islam to the other arab countries, stood out as a natural ally. she to full i a, b, c. it's hard to imagine now us, but it was a very close knit collaboration in cbs. chill only directly to see that has the most advanced take washington to had chosen to make iran the cornerstone of its influence in the region comes in. so focusing the high degree of military cooperation was designed to keep to iran in the western camp. also this was the time of the cold war, of course, and day. iran was a major arena of soviet competition. so yes, and the child was close to america because he felt that he needed the american

support in confronting the ussr and maintaining his government in power for both television and washington iran under the shaw was an invaluable partner. the key piece in the great middle eastern game for but neither israel nor america realized the extent and strength of an opposition that was destined to prevail. about the im again. and i mean, when i spoke with the generals more, they would tell me, look what it's like measles are. so we're seeing demonstrations at the moment. that's the way it is. a sheil mil under the shaw has asked us to sort it out because he's the military chief. i knew well where sorting it out with the buyer.

the blindness and incomprehension of a regime based with such a powerful and determined uprising was heading for tragedy. ah, that a black friday? the shaw's army opened fire in the streets of terran, the official death toll was $87.00, but according to opposition estimates it was closer to $4000.00 the monarchy had just revealed it's true face ah, the revolutionary process was underway. and now there was no stopping it regarded as supporters of the shaw israeli, and american expatriates became targets and began to leave the country. lou protesters attacked cafes, restaurants, banks, and cinemas, western symbols of modernity associated with the stronghold israel and the united

states had on their country ah, tearing down the monarchy, breaking ties with washington and tel aviv rejecting western style modernity. all of these objectives combined into a single battle gradually, as the movement began to pick up a momentum. and that it was a movement in need of leadership in need of a meeting the person to fit the bill. it seemed to have been, i to know how many, ah, i have to say that not only the different factions of islamic movement, the father, to lawful mania enjoying, but the other factions of their movement as the like national like marxist. all

factions supported out to lawful may me as the leader of that resolution. oh wow. i who the time had come for hominy to realize his dream, the introduction of a radical doctrine and establishment of an islam of republic, a theocracy, wherein the ultimate power lay with a religious authority, the supreme leader, him blew . almeni's set foot on iranian soil,

ready to deliver the fatal blow to the monarchy. ah, nothing, and no one could stand in his way. ah, it was shanty, it was really shocked. about 10000000 people came to the streets of terra. this was the biggest welcoming ceremony ever during that history. as long as i had amendment immediate people to come to wind coming and everybody looked at him as the leader of the lucian and cut his matic leader and a man of god at the same time. and that he will rescue the

country and we will have a pattern, eyes on the air. ah mean, he was now the man who embodied the legitimacy of power, especially as the shock weakened by ill health, had departed the country 3 weeks earlier meant that i put my dad in doing that was gonna i'm the lead time when i'm not in the 1st money in min, let the read, i'm gonna, i'm dog with with $10.00 days later, after only 48 hours of fighting in the streets of tehran, the overthrow of the iranian monarchy. the shaw had ruled over for 37 years, was complete. ah, the revolution had achieved a total victory. i had told

a whole many was the country's new leader. i, with the revolutionaries immediately attacked the enemies identified by the new regime with the israeli diplomatic mission, sacked and completely devastated. it's 33 members, were the last, israeli still in iran. they travelled in small groups to the hilton hotel in central terren, where a bus was waiting to take them to the airport. a distance of some, 17 kilometers 17 kilometers through a hot bed of revolution. mm. hm. she was like, you know, metal, 17 kilometers. you'd on 10000000 iranians on either side of the road. you're all with tomatoes and eggs. yes. not in the bus. there was the driver and 2 iranians with kalashnikov. our bus moved on because they thought it was

a revolutionary bus. not a single egg or tomato was thrown, been obeyed, south hud in on reaching the airport. the board, the aircraft. mm hm. but just as the plane was about to take off j u m, a thought ordered the plane, those to the engine started it and it began to taxi with all of a sudden it still was fun. with the doors opened, an armed revolutionaries parched in again. i thought to myself, what is it this time? but if they wanted to carry out one final check, i don't know what for then they closed the door. we took off, for as long as we were over iranian territory emerged remains tenix. once we cross the border of the, is riley's in rush into cheers. should i say, lou? ah, meanwhile,

the israelis arch enemy yasser arafat leader of the pillow. the palestinian liberation organization was arriving in tehran, welcomed like a true head of state. ah, arafat had become leader of the p, a low. in 1969, it stated ambition was to create a palestinian state, independent of its era backers from his base and lebanon, arafat had been leading his spit. i ain't his spiders into gorilla actions on the northern border with israel. now he had come to seek the support of home many, a man he hoped could help palestinians achieved their independence. reverently. it says complete the whole project on the scene in this area. a lot, sit down and complete

ah, by inviting arafat to tehran, how many was sending a powerful message to the entire muslim world? from now on? iran would be supporting the palestinian cause with how many then took up provocative initiative instead of an israeli diplomatic presence. there would now be a palestinian embassy. it was a clear statement. ah, with this gesture, the ayatollah was severing all links with israel, a state whose existence had no legitimacy for him. any strategic alliance between israel and iran was now unquestionably a thing of the past. the

united states recognized the young islamic republic. but in washington there was concerned about what kind of relations would be possible with a ron's new rulers. within the american government, there were differing opinions. some thought that community was her stream ha ah, force as it would be very difficult for us to, to deal with. i think most people still thought of iran as a country that you know, we could continue to get along with that, even though the shawl was gone, that of you know, week we would maintain relations. we had our embassy there. then a november 4th, 1979, hundreds of islamist students, storm, the american embassy taking $52.00 diplomats hostage. ah

well, many was hesitant. would he support these students and risked seriously jeopardizing relations with the united states? would he support them to keep control of the movement? with john jolla osbourne. learning address was pseudo 5 guns or jo, susana sharon hesh, gunter, as you to them and he saw the hood. but are you fully shown kish reddish 100 is ara when the hostage crisis occurred, it made clear, i think that we were largely unprepared to deal

with the nature of iran at that point. and the fact that a, the anger that was there and reflected in that hostage crisis up, i think suddenly brought iran to the top of further concerns. so we had about our situation, the world. ah, the last hostages were finally freed, after 444 days by supporting the students who mainly made the u. s. embassy hostage taking act 2 of the revolution. it became one of the founding myths of the new regime, widely seen as the main reason where the break down in us iranian relations. a new middle east was taking shape. nothing whenever be the same again. karen's ambitions and interests were on

a collision course with washington and televi. a great clash was looming. ah, on this day, nearly 90000 israeli soldiers, 1300 tanks and 1500 personnel carriers, invaded lebanon, a country seemingly unconnected to the emerging confrontation between iran, israel, and the united states. a toner part by civil war for many years. lebanon had become a regional battle ground. syria occupied a part of the country to the east. but in the south, especially the p. a low was all powerful. the palestinian organisation had made the area it's operational base for instigating deadly rates against israel. on june 6th, 1982 tel aviv launched operation piece for galilee.

the objective was spelled out loud and clear to seize control of southern lebanon, and thus put an end for the gorilla operations launched by arafat fed again with them here full fight and destroy those organizations that have been killing and murdering. i'll paper for you some years. is our goal here. arial sharon, recently appointed minister of defense, was leading the offensive to his fellow countrymen. he was a hero who had been at the forefront of every military victory. israel had once since its inception in 1948 rounds, gonna finish it or move immediately back. we dont have info,

i mean for travel to stay here. although country they dont need even one score into this country within a week, sharon had far exceeded the initial objectives. as his army made rapid advances. 2 turan looked on stupefied with israeli troops advancing towards the lebanese capital. the balance of power in the middle east was radically shifting for hominy. it was unthinkable. but how should he react engaged in an all out war against iraq after the attack launched by saddam hussein 2 years previously in september 1980. the youngest law mc republic could be forced

to fight for its survival for 8 long years, and what became known as the iran iraq war. at this stage, the iranian leader did not have the resources to open another front against israel in lebanon. khomeini issued a statement justifying this decision, saying de wrote to oates, which is jerusalem goes through cabella, which was a religious way of expressing a deeply strategic decision. meaning 1st things 1st the aspiration for iran to play some role in the liberation of jerusalem comes after. yvonne has managed defeats in beirut, heavy shelling was now falling on the west of the capitol, where arafat and most of his troops had taken refuge.

poop, a part of the city was raised to the ground. thousands were dead, mostly civilians. on august 21st 1982. the israeli siege ended yet verified, played a final visit with west bay route headquarters defeated. arafat departed lebanon, and went into exile in tunisia with 10000 of his bed. i ye they were replaced by a multinational force composed mainly of u. s. and french troops, tasked with ensuring the safety of the lebanese capital.

for sharon and prime minister monochrome begun, the palestinian question was settled. they could now proceed with their secret objective of transforming lebanon. the multi faith country would become a christian state, led by the maronite minority. this new lebanon would be a powerful state, and above all, and ally, ah, but their plans would unknowingly awaken another lebanese community, the largest in the country, the shiite community, ah, settled, mainly in the east, and in the south of lebanon. the shiites had suffered directly from the invasion and israeli occupation. some resolved to take up arms and resist fear, donati, it was my belief in 1982 the son that israel was an enemy. and they said i, eli,

do what i supported the palestinian course of the year. and for this i considered myself to be on this side. and if he had a 100 not im cassim was then 29 years old. a chemistry teacher in beirut. he was leader of the union of islamist educational associations. i feel organization was edmonton enamel, many who were for us thinking of him. um huh. mainly chimed perfectly without the belief. let the not man behalf, as we got together with some of the islamist groups and came to an agreement, how to get a slimy yeah. will much more is lemmy, a kenneth mosher with a few of none. whether he went to iran to proclaim our willingness to pledge allegiance to a mom, or maybe to allow him to be or guide. and to respect his authority. he then lena and he gave us his blessing. whoa, whoa, often,

but i can a how many welcome to this alliance. it would allow him to better fight the jewish state. it was an obvious union, given his old and deep ties, but the lebanese shines ah, many of the leaders of the revolution in iran who became a top positions after vision of revolution. they had very good background in lebanon before evolution. good connection, which cheer people in the ha, you know, she's them in south of lebanon is older than she is in iran. ah, in the summer of 1982 lebanese, she,

a leaders gathered in the city of bol beck and the baker valley, located in the east of the country to set up a new organization to fight israel with the backing of how many it called itself the islamic resistance in lebanon. mm. it officially took the name, his belong 3 years later in 1985 i told him again had of his will love he, i'll be the yahoo or the us hes bolas. initial objectives were military men. it was not only about offering armed resistance against the israelis, and with their rather to end the occupation by any means necessary men and drive them out of lebanon at the slot. moving to help the new organization, iran sent a few 100 revolutionary guards to the baker valley. in the summer of 1982, these men were part of the elite body created at the birth of the islamic republic

and charged with its defence. it reported directly to the supreme leader, while these elite soldiers did not actually fight, they supplied weapons money and know how their presence also implicated another country whose army had a presence in this part of lebanon, syria to reach the baker valley. the men benefited from the help of the dictator hafez assad, another fervent opponents of the state of israel. in this way, how many was establishing? what would prove to be a strategic alliance for many decades to come? the partnership with syria, they began organizing the high school. they began organizing, ah, the, and alliance with the asset they began selling but giving away oil to

asset to buy a relationship with asset because they began to think about what they cost their strategic depth. they wanted to have tools at their disposal to threaten israel with, which meant threat them to united states way and say if you hit us, we can hit your back. and then by creating the has went up, they hit both the use israelis and the united states in levin. what took roots in the confines that the baker valley was a veritable system of alliances? or a system set up by iran with the help of syria? a system that created a new political entity has bola a system which would later give rise to the powerful iran syria, his beula axis in the middle east. but for the moment,

nobody was aware of the emergence of this system, least of all, the americans and his railways. ah, me dare cartoon, southern lebanon, about 10 kilometers from the israeli border. at around $630.00, a. m. a white pu show stuffed with explosives, leaves the vill, heading towards tire. the largest town in the region at the wheel is a young 18 year old resistance. spider and member has bought his name is off. ma casea. a shade rather sir, than naugten osland osmond casea had always been a quiet person, let him in and know, but he could not keep silent in the face of injustice. misled even as an on she, he lived in saudi arabia at the time with us, but returned to lebanon after the israeli invasion,

alamosa lucia started. our uncle, tried to hold him back, telling him that a war was raging with our family after that. but his reply was, i know what i must do and run about a short isn't gonna within a matter of moments, this unknown young man would become a hero and the she i to struggle against israel. what is known here as a shaheed, a martyr of the resistance. he was about to commit a bold act that had no precedent in lebanon, one that was both religious and political, but not the memo. the senate uncle to submit them in 1982 as we inevitably lost in any direct confrontation with his royal will that we had no way of striking back. and then he saw bob when we could only get some way by taking a new or effective approach. he, i'm an acts of martyrdom. i'm illinois, who anomaly is tish handy. 7 am november 11th,

1982 rockmart casea drives along the main thoroughfare through tire. without hesitation, he accelerates and crashes himself and his vehicle into a large residential complex. ah, the israeli military headquarters for the whole of southern lebanon collapsed ah, a 7 story building, demolished, ah, physical therapy associates with brochure thing over to leslie. so if it will show up, if it suits augusta circle source with

smith over with the hud lowest version of it. oh, good afternoon. so i should see lucy plaza. sure. she wanted to meet with the hulu. shuffle the closer to the museum and that can be sort of counter on that kind of a 100. at the time we had a grocery store entire in fish out, i was on my way there when the explosion happened a month out loud, never forget it. and okay, there were pieces on fire everywhere. album of the kid. the whole building was on fire. the jews had blocked the st. louis. we were proud that something was finally happening a year. although we didn't know why the love in louie ah no. and nathan, we were occupied on monday, we were glad that some of the occupiers died. you can fish like we were nervous because we didn't know who was behind it. we didn't know it was my brother, osmond mac,

and i will never forget the moment i found out thus had among the lucy. ah, it was carnage. $91.00 israeli soldiers and 15 lebanese prisoners were killed. ah mariel, sharon was mystified. how could something like this occur when the only known enemy, the p a low had been crushed more than 2 months ago, or a hut abuse older military trenches. oh, be grew a hub. lenny could sunday the mug deal. it's much of a shall asha or your mcclare. i mean come their share law is max of kind of small. let me say, and only a new demons. they have to go have low near low, the hotmail, but the waterloo, but ocoee law, they dakota. it may not that they all result. i mean you nash fisted. what are the

saloon a shop that live a day? she lot the low of it a couple of live bill down lower than a clue. we had no information, the toyota. it was very unfortunate in retrospect the of the above, mushy. i knew there was some religious activists or she is home. we knew. i'm sure that others we didn't you can me him or if come with welcome. oh ah, he really way. oh good. the good. so deal is with shock worse, and when i began to research written records on the shiites in lebanon, compiled by intelligence academic, unless you may actually of an old, the white. i was very disappointed when it was a whole meal. there was almost no solid research on the subject a, unless you man,

relevant on but so far has lot, michigan, the university said nothing. eva gumbo, i yoda academy hobby alicia. actually when lou, the multinational force in lebanon, led by the americans and french, was just as unaware as the israeli military. on october 23rd 1983. it was their turn to suffer a similar attack which on bomb devastated the 4 story buildings in which 200 marines may have been sleeping when the explosion occurred shortly after 6 a. m b route time. the americans lost 241 soldiers. at the same moment, a suicide bomber blew himself up in a building, serving as a barracks for the french forces. 58 were killed. ah, a double strike claimed by

a mysterious islamic jihad movement bought to be a figurehead for hes below. and iran. i think there, there is much that indicates that the iranians did have a role if not a very important role in that love an indication about responsibility. yes, we have some that we're not gonna point the finger in poor. absolutely certain. but i think the thing that does come through loud and clear as they just the insidious nature of kara international terror with this new attack, the hezbollah, shiites could no longer be ignored. they saw themselves as a resistance movement against israel and its allies. i recall his brother seeming to be a domestic factor and then by the mid 19 eighties, it was clear that there was this pipeline arms material, men coming from the iran ha hostages going from

lebanon to iran, and political support. so this was an emerging phenomenon, la name, over to remove the, she'll need from the stop. you know, the iranian fights is small enough to understand that you cannot create an armed militia without the support of the local population leashed with v m. the iranians constructed what i would call accountability alongside the ordinary lebanese state. go to work on it. i dial her will utility book as well. dillard normally walks like this child is born. additionally, he goes to a has pallet, they care for the wood, then he goes to a has below school. then he joins the has velasco schubert. after that, he attends

a, has been a high through a little bit of physical and then he joins hes paula. but who lives with hulu? mm. ah, he is really were counting 600 men dead in 2 years. it was a prize. many were not prepared to pay. ah, the israeli army gradually lost control of lebanon. on june 6th, 19853 years after the start of the invasion, the israeli army pulled out preserving a security zone in the south, an area representing 10 per cent of lebanese territory. the israeli army remained there for 15 years until 2000. it saw this withdrawal as

a humiliating defeat. while for has belong, it marked a 1st victory. ah, ah, the shiite organization chose the moment to claim responsibility for the destruction of the tire headquarters, bombing. the name of the shahid was also reveal off mod, casea. o, november 11th, the day of the attack became the movements official martyrs day. ah, when ayatollah hominy passed away. in june, 1989, he left a lasting legacy. the shy theocracy which he had found at 10 years earlier had been firmly established and the fight he initiated against israel and the united states had,

with the help of hes bulloch. profoundly changed the landscape in the middle east. but moving forward, what would his successors do? with his legacy ah ah ah ah hi. oh i'm with the works of compose

alicia pod, adult hitler's obsession. oh has ever been better background music for megalomania for gross and vaughan? arts 21 in 30 minutes on d. w. oh. how many pushes lunch so now in the world right now, the climate change. if any, off the story, this is lifeline. the way from just one week how much was going to really get we still have time to go. i'm going on with what? 5th?

subscribe. all morning was like a question of all the questions about life, the universe, and everything. to me, you know the answer. well, them give it here for 40 to the answer to almost everything. our documentary series with clever and groundbreaking questions with lunch. the after life denison is not just a dead. are we getting dumber we have an exponential growth in bullshit. how can we feed every one? we don't want to chase climate change without food supply questions for the present or future heads filled with ideas. and when we learn something, the hardware and software of our brain changes games. so get ready for the brain

update. 40 to the answer to almost everything starts january 15th on d w with ah ah, this is d, w. news live from berlin. a human rights monitor tells d w that to iranian men are in imminent danger of meeting the same fate as 2 other prisoners executed by the iranian government on saturday. all were arrested during anti government protest, and many more have been content.