in the 16th century, it meant being a captain and setting sail to discover a route, a race linked to military interests, a race linked to political and military prestige, but also to main financial with adventure full of hardships, dangers and death. but jillions journey around the world starts january 19th. ah, ah ah, ah, global trade a something that we all depend on, but rarely think about until something goes wrong. we all remember the stunning images from march 2021 when the gigantic container ship ever given broad global

traits to a halt. by getting stuck in a narrow waterway in the suez canal, the vessel left almost 400 ships in a traffic jam. the blockade held up around $9000000000.00 of goods. men for destinations around the world are dependent on fragile global supply chains is one of our topics on this week's edition of made. t w's weekly business show. and these are other reports. big chances are recycling cement can drastically cut emissions big profits, how corporations exploit nature's knowledge, and big benefits, making sustainable fashion in indonesia, up the history of global supply chains is a grim one. it began with exploitation and slavery. the 1st product of a truly global supply chain was most likely run for its production. slaves were

moved from africa to the caribbean, to grow sugarcane, which was sourced from india. eventually, the liquor ended up in the still reason the u. s. and europe capitalizing on lower salaries and cheaper resources from other countries is also the main motive for modern supply chains today. expanding transport networks like the suez canal, turn supply chains into a mass phenomenon. car parts, for example, can now be delivered just in time to avoid storage costs. today, smart technology has revolutionized supply chains again. now they rely on sophisticated robots and 3 d printing. but what happens when one link in the chain breaks? can we keep producing if our supply chains fail, dw smiley on hotter, looked into the problem. this is a german industrial sites with state of the art production facilities. but what happens when a war disrupts global supply chains of ro,

materials will end at the moment, people are trying to make the best of a shortage economy for work. germany is experiencing a commodities crisis. what has to change and how you are, we are currently dependent on china more. oh, let's take the auto industry refueling. could look like this in the future. studies say that 3 out of 4 new cars in europe could soon be cause. this is an opportunity for chinese carmakers to break into the european market. as in chinese competitors have an edge when it comes to accessing raw material. so in comparison to conventional vehicles, e cars require 3 times as much copper, for example, as well as lithium, nickel, cobalt and rare earths for the battery. but these markets are dominated by china, which invested early in international mining ventures. now,

china controls the processing of raw materials, the sharing global demand, here in germany. it's not just the auto industry that needs them. a number of new sectors, the competing for the same materials, copper and nickel, and not just required for e car, batteries, wind and solar energy robots. 3 d printing services and other digital technologies also depend on these mattel. this is the same for co bolts, lithium, and rare earth elements, which is driving up their prices. does in with the commodity crisis, a slowing down investment in renewable energy. osgood, let's say, what needs to be done here? most homework, there's a lot of catching up city. europe has relied on functioning supply chain for too long. one way to address this, investing in local extraction, doctor stores there is tremendous potential in scandinavia, in the balkans or in spain and portugal in terms of raw metals of retire voice.

also it's also important to expand recycling to reese mouth and we use expensive metals and find possible alternatives to read us, as well as looking for new suppliers. that's good, the shelton cries all spoke. oh that if i'm sourcing a lot of small quantities from different countries, that's obviously going to increase the price um for ohi issa. well, these applies to via and that will get passed on to the consumer. ha, ha ha, i think but if the focus is only on the price, there is the risk of making industry dependence and vulnerable in the current crisis. like in any other, we have experts, analysts, and everyday people who say that they saw it coming all along who claimed they were aware of looming supply chain issues. years before they happened, for example. but no one can predict the future with utter certainty, and being a know it all in hindsight,

can even be dangerous. according to business psychologists want is hindsight bias. often people claim after a crisis that they saw him coming all along. this is known into he bureau economics as hindsight, bias or colloquially, as the knew it all along phenomenon. whether it was russia's invasion of the brain and the subsequent gas prices. but 2009 financial crisis. the 2012 euros on jet crisis, or the 2020 pandemic. even experts often claim after the event that they saw coming. how many of us thing sometimes that certain things were bound to happen? but that can't be true. because economic crises, natural disasters, pandemic and wars can never be predicted for sure. after all, we're not fortune tellers. at most,

it's possible to calculate the probability of such risks, and those probabilities are mostly very low. so where does this sense of having known it all along? come from human beings, have a need to bring order to chaos. so they convinced themselves the world is predictable. that leads to considerable errors in judgment. so what can we learn from this generalizations like that was obviously going to happen are problematic. they overlook the fact that similar cases could turn out quite differently in future. in the case of russia, some claim, the policy of reproach when through trade has failed. but many experts said that's nonsense, intense trade relations reduce the likelihood of war. empirical evidence confirms that a hasty abandonment of this approach would make our world less safe. another problem with

homicide bias, the awareness of other risks is diminished. many managers vastly overestimates the probability of the current crisis repeating itself, but lose sight of other weaknesses in their company. their focus is only on the current crisis, instead of preparing financially for the next crisis. for example, hindsight bias stops us learning from experience, which is the one good thing that we should be taking away from a crisis. so remember only with the benefit of hindsight, wise, learning from mistakes to make better decisions in the future. that's also an essential approach to the climate crisis. and it's one needed when dealing with mass of c, o 2 emitters, like the cement production. cement is a key ingredient of concrete, which we used to construct buildings, bridges, and roads. is production makes up 8 percent of global c o 2 emissions. that's more than 3 times as much as the aviation industry, the cement industry, we're

a country, it would be the 3rd largest emitter in the world. in recent decades, it's production has been increasing rapidly. in 1995, 1500000 tons of cement were produced in 2021. that number rose to almost 4500000000. but despite its dangerous environmental impact, only 2 percent of concrete waste is recycled. to make new concrete, christiane could serious visit a business us working to increase that number. some things under construction everywhere you look, but sand and gravel, the raw materials used for producing concrete are becoming scarce. and how do we avoid making concrete deserts that can't absorb rainwater? experts are already developing solutions that work. oh, germany creeds, 280000000 tons of concrete waste every year. but at least this rubber will

soon be repurposed into new concrete. holstein accompanied in southern germany, specializes in recycling, building materials, a crushing machine turns the concrete pieces into small granules which are sorted by size. the granules are then sold to cement manufacturers. what's good for whole theme can also be good for the environment, which either onsite processing can save millions of truck kilometers, how the kilometer on edge bomb. sam used to produce concrete is usually dug from large pits, then transported hundreds of kilometer is the same is true for gravel. the 2nd component in concrete, but sand and gravel are becoming scarce. at this construction recycling plant, old red roofing tiles are also used to produce concrete, recycled sand,

as taken from an old construction pit. it's cleaned and saved before being sorted by size of the of a bomb. everything here used to be a bridge or a floor slab or a house and we're making something new from it was disco, better, more. all this material would have ended up in landfills under, in some dump. i now we can use it to make high quality building products that are used in new construction project will i use it for the recycle products are then delivered to customers like to this near by concrete, new facts for this company is different from most of its competitors, because globally, only 2 percent of building materials get recycled. but this company depends on recycle materials, which account for 30 percent of its entire production. and the recycled concrete is less expensive to the materials are mixed in this

plant and then deliver to customers. the final product will look like this. a building material that many customers prefer over conventional products. this num too, while it's becoming more popular because people understand that we have to conserve resources. and that's why demand is now greater than before. middleweight nicholas will be for your other solutions are also being developed at this cement plant, for example, permeable, concrete that can absorb rainwater, helping improve urban climates. this could somebody, they can wizell this interstate. rainwater seeps through this concrete and goes under ground one which can help improve ground water level. synchron fossil household read a full, bristled or done donato, and then warmed, can cause the water to evaporate, muscle, eliminating hot surfaces. all mountains, unkindness will heisen flatten. a good one. this could help prevent concrete

deserts, with completely sealed surfaces and recycled. construction materials are also brought to this southern german company, which it uses to make concrete blocks. ingredients include recycled sand and recycled rock granules. they are constantly testing new stone formulas in the lab, experimenting with different colors, shapes and components to increase the poor of recycled content, which is 30 to 40 percent. the recycled look is intentional. improve omagh if you were primarily talking about up cycling or horn quantity. we want to produce a very high quality design. b, this tile pattern creates an entirely new surfaces you look on the, on the gun loyal walker. this is what it should look like. a new generation of recycled sidewalk with lots of green grass sprouting up in between and space for

water to seep into the ground. this is what many customers now want a growth market for the concrete industry. the ideas behind the lucrative modern technologies often come from nature more specifically, the discoveries of indigenous peoples. sometimes corporation use their knowledge to create a patent that then generates billions and revenue. but the profits are not passed on. is that exploitation did abuse, louise osborne explains cosmetic skill the power of real cold bread, all gonna pharmaceuticals nationally developed to help soothe and relax unique cleaning product. remove tough things like tomato fills. many of them contain ingredients originally derived from nature. and why not? i mean, there's a lot we can learn from the environment. it's not that simple. over the last

decades, companies and institutions have claimed natural compounds and substances of their own and hijacked the knowledge of how to use them. they have profited something to the tune of billions of dollars who's paying the price. welcome to the world of bio, piracy. bio. prospecting is defined in the united nations document as the exploration of plant and animal species for the utilization of their genetic resources. it basically describes companies and institutions looking for new natural substances to use in their products. then in recent decades it's, it's pharmaceutical companies. it's buying the companies regard recalled through companies can we're chemical companies as well. are claiming intellectual property rights relating to lourdes. the research and development that they've been doing,

and they're doing that through payton's. the idea is that new inventions cost companies, time and money and research to help them make that back. patrons give them exclusive, right? so for that innovation, for a set period of time, the bought in that the should have a bad system or did all the industries i'd appreciate it for did, is it, but it becomes more problematic when traditional knowledge of communities is involved. take the name tree, known as the tree of life and india. it has bossed medicinal and healing properties . and it can also be used to make organic pesticides and fungus sites. in 1995 us multinational w r. grace was granted a european patent for name oil used as part of it, so gannet fungicide, mnemic for a brand worth over $60000000.00 per year. according to a 2008 report indigenous communities in india had already been using name oil as

a fungus site for centuries. but others profited from their knowledge. the appropriation and commercialization of genetic resources like plants extract from indigenous knowledge for profit. this is where bio prospecting can turn into bio piracy. companies use patents to protect innovations without fair compensation for communities, whether genetic material and knowledge comes from. there should be a balance between the advancement, acknowledging and also what is entre if not on it should be preserved. it should not be misappropriated. it took 10 years for the european patent on the use of the knee compound to be overturned. but this is far from a typical outcome for indigenous communities. they often lack the funds and support to fight payton. and there are other problems too. it can also be harmful to buy a diversity. hootie a gordon. i is a plant fountain,

south africa. it's like a cactus, essentially, it doesn't look appetizing, which is pretty fitting because he is a natural appetite suppressant. the sand people of the region used the plant to keep them going well, hunting, but its properties made it very attractive. the business research south africa's count for, for scientific and industrial research, c, f i r, used the plan to extract to formulate the molecule p 57 as a hunger suppressant for treating obesity in the 19 ninety's. the center patented the molecule and licensed it to multinational farmer company pfizer. and then you k based biotech fighter fam, no credit was given to the sun people, and there was so much interest and hi about this. and the parents in the research was in newspapers. it's reported globally on that it was decimated by opportunity,

so people came out and sort of decided they were going to make money off off on the removal of this plan. the sale of this plan who dea has had to be protected and south africa namibia, illegal harvesting is one of the main threats against the plant. it took until the early 2, thousands for the sand people to become aware of the c s i a patent with help from n g o's. the community successfully campaigned for the role of their traditional knowledge to be acknowledged under a benefit sharing agreement. they were to receive milestone of royalty payments. it's not clear how many cases of bio piracy there have been. the united nations has tried to instigate a solution under its convention on biological diversity. the aim of the nagoya protocol is to shad benefits from bio prospecting with indigenous communities.

there's a growing recognition in general that the whole issue of nature and by diversity is important. and it's important because consumers are more, more interested in a more aware and asking questions. nuts, rick coach la ganga, executive director of the union are unethical by trade. it's a membership based organization that helps companies comply with the protocol and awards them with a certification on that product. if they do, all these regulations are still, you are still a development. sometimes a clear still on land. there is a framework one that extends around 200 nautical miles from a nation's border into the ocean. beyond the new frontier for exploration and potential exploitation, the high seas offer an abundance of possibilities. marine organisms

can live in extreme pressure temperatures, darkness, animals like sponges, produced chemicals that have the potential to treat cancer. the global market projected for marine biotechnology by 2025 is $6400000000.00 with the potential for use in farm future calls, chemical and biofuel industries. nations are currently trying to figure out how to share the oceans, resources, equitably. countries in the global south don't want to be left behind bio discovery by a prospecting. however you want to call it to make scientific and technological advancements. well, it's clear that we need it. it has very, very significantly contributed to kind of human human well being. if you look at all kinds of medicines, they're based on natural remedies. they're based on bio prospecting. so by prospecting is perfect is important. bill remain very important in the future. but

it has to be done in a way that is fair to the biodiversity rich nations, where the solutions are found. one way is by creating guidelines on what can be patented and how companies and research institutions should work with indigenous and local researchers, developers and marketing. working together gifts, both local communities and companies alike, the opportunity to profit. it also ensures the protection of the species providing us with the means to make advancements in technology, health, food security, and beyond. it is possible to use traditional knowledge ethically. we met denny korea, genie flesh, an entrepreneur was company makes environmentally friendly clothes, while fighting the exportation of women in indonesia, the farm to closet. ethos of the brand has become an inspiration and role model for

others. and that sells globally. a price that works occasion on my mother in villages a new job. well taking care of my mom. my name is danny thought, and i'm the father and be all of the book. i see them. not only that, we want to change how close are made. we actually want to change also how it's being grown. everything is really digital. we, you push a media and left side in order to reach consumers on the global level. really, it's about clearly and simplifying the process such that people can get emotional attachment as well. so the process behind quotes away from all the chemicals away from the feeling that when you heard of environment to actually healing the point of my background actually has nothing to

do about fashion. i'm my development economists and my work took me through villages, requesting a new job. and there, for the 1st time i saw how our clothes are made by women with their hands. when i was in the villages, i started realizing that there are women who flies are impacted by our everyday choice of what we wear. and i realized that i wanted to then build a bridge between people all around the world, care about this issue of who care about where to close, come from, with the very women who actually make it the very women who the plan that are you, make everything we make all the colors is actually made a plan of indigenous indonesian knowledge that has existed with generation. but if law in the pursuit of lowering the class of fashion,

we have to really work very hard, make sure there is enough awareness and therefore the man for all these products basically. and we were actually very happy because we manage the ship, our english product. now, over 30 country and that manage the profane all the field work that we do on the religious level. we're not another fashion, but we're not another business, but we are a model for change. we're here to show that there is a different way that you f a business can grow. you can be successful, but at the same time also making sure that every choice literally empowers those who are previously. and i have a choice we have managed this plastic years built wonderful well,

birth farm for father fashion supply chain. and our hope is actually to really significantly scale that for our goal, if that within the next 5 years, we wanna scale that to 1000 hector's. that wraps up another episode of made. i'm mattie xena. thank you for watching and see you next time. with with

ah ah ah ah, with who paying for time with time. this is the principal of italy's time, the banks, whether it's for playing cards, manual labor or to tar lessons. here everything has the same value.

a person's time focus on europe. in 30 minutes on d w. conflicts own with sarah kelly, my gosh, this week on conflict zone is a renown foreign policy expert who has spent most of her career analyzing vladimir putin, russia, fiona hill, jointly from washington, where she has advised free west presidents and co author to book on where does she think the was heading. was this group plan all along or had dec ethan power changed him? conflict zone red 90 minute on d. w. o. o, what secrets lie behind these walls? discover new adventures in 360 degrees. ah,

and explore fascinating world. he w, world heritage 360, get the app now. ah, will you become a criminal? mm. pre climb ai. already news with hackers, paralyzing the tire societies. computers that out for you and governments that go crazy for your data. we explain how these technologies work, how they can work for and how they can also go terribly. watch it now on you tube. ah

ah ah, this is the w use lie from but in russia points and you commanded to lead an invasion of ukraine to shake up comes amid conflicting claims over the fate of the eastern town of santa dot, poland office to supply lipids tanks to crate the pledge piles pressure on western allies to send in more heavy weapons.