ah current gee, more people than ever on the move mold wife in such a better life won't have us answer it as a committee. god, the hello goes out. ashley. the now is it a mac on the moon? the god wagon wheels of this stuff. okay. the thing nanda donation one back to the find out about robina story in. so migraines, reliable news for migraines. wherever they may be. with . hello and welcome to focus on europe. thanks for joining me here today. as we entered the new year, russia's war against ukraine continues and with unrelenting ferocity.

ah, one area that's been hit especially hard, is that a box moot in eastern ukraine? they are. the almost nonstop artillery has left the city completely destroyed. russian troops have been trying to capture the strategically important regent for months, while ukrainian forces have captured many other towns. this situation is not how russian president putin envisioned the course of his campaign in ukraine. his war has destroyed countless towns and villages killed thousands of civilians and has wounded or killed hundreds of thousands of soldiers, both on the ukrainian and the russian sides. with the advance of his troops stagnating, and the russian economy badly battered, the question remains, what has putin gained from all of this? and that the russian population, many in the country are still behind their president and the war. but there is also resistance. oh oh, they champ freedom quite at 1st, then louder since the war began,

sites like this have become red. demonstrations approaches are legal. hold hearings, give your position one of the few chances to meet one. 0 yeah. for to stay on them . and if i stand here with a sign for even a minute, i can be arrested and find that money with finance. the more did i come here to at least see a few people who think like i do pretty hard with the dust of over new i to be the thing though though my thought was o'clock, then can you get used to chess bishop everywhere the reporting about russia's negative fantasy rushes, putin, aggression and war. but there are many russians who are against death issue. it's just not many people showed up after all, but around a 100, a waiting to be admitted to the courtroom. in the end, the sentence to be announced here is about the war. ilya gushing was sentenced to 8 and a half years and a penal colony on charges of discrediting the military. he had discussed boucher on

his live stream and shown what has been reported on the war outside of russia. don't worry the sheen cold from the glass box if someone thinks potent will rule for 8 more years. they're very big optimist. but there's little to be optimistic about your position has mostly been locked away, or driven into russian media only loves to pick the war being a success. the country seemed shrouded in the fog of lies and uncertainty. even one of prison hooton's former speechwriters, now lives in exile a basque al yum of switch sides. years ago, he says the war has been put in the biggest mistake. it's changed everything for russian origin godmother booth say a year ago. fruit him was still a great leader. hello. everybody saw him as one of the strongest rule is in the world. need it. but as it turns out, he's brutal and not strong at all. like him, his image has faded, especially in comparison to zalinski enough. one is lilian school can yes, well,

i'll play a lot of public yet person still appears firmly in control, even as very cautious criticisms. i heard from within his own camp, criticism of the retreat from cas on that only weeks before russia had nxt against international law and criticism of the partial mobilization tobacco in the kremlin potent hangs middleton soldiers who excelled during his so called special military operation. but cracks are appearing in the self confident facade, putin as increasingly had to explain his conduct of the war, even as he sipped, sparkling wine with the newly minted heroes just lucas room of approval. now we're getting lots of criticism for bombarding a knave as energy infrastructure for. yes, that's what we're doing. but who started that? mcdonough, who attacks the crimean bridge, who because the war's doing person very little good, and russia lis,

as even his supporters can see luxury items on the only goods missing from the shelves and central moscow sanctions have been felt across the country. almost all the foreign ca makers are gone. this fall marino factory has returned to production of the domestic mos creech model. it's advertised as a kind of supercar made in russia. in reality, it's an exact copy of a chinese model. generally, chinese and russian cars are the only new models available even so, russia's economy is doing better than expected, says alexandra pack up he, inca. she was once an adviser to rush the central bank. now she's an exile with eager. what vehicle we are? machine managed assistant, develop smith, west was expecting the sanctions to tear russia economy apart. in fact,

could have portions of will effect 0, but the government responded professionally. operating stalkers on russia's condiments have served it better than its general's use. nicolette middle fulton, they fade in post, embark on oil and gas last spring. it might have looked different will. but now there's enough money when you brush a can carry on with it's risky, military adventure or the what are the number bulging you're running in? their rent jewelry, and that seems to be precisely the plan, an exhibition of historical military hardware in moscow. the current war isn't direct to the onion ukraine. the enemy is the whist in every respect. it says if person were out to prove the superiority of russian culture once and for all you even saw, his ex speechwriter says he won't go down in history as a positive figure. oh, i wonder who will he would have had to deposit olivia and leave his strong regime behind it, but the regime is wait. it won't survive to to get him to be a hero for the history books shouldn't have come back after mid vieja turn. office

had himself reelected over and over the quiet things, the old red army song about the sacred warfare now and has no way back. nobody knows whether he regret, suspicion, military operation or not. but his own faith bound to it and to a final victory in neighboring lot, the people are extremely worried about the ongoing conflict. the members state used to be a soviet republic, so it shares a common past with russia. a reporter traveled there to meet a weaver named janice rosen towels, who, along with the family lives in the small town of above, gyms for the rosen tolls rushes attack on ukraine has already changed their lives. things have become more expensive. but unlike in much of europe, latvians have another concern as well. their proximity to their big neighbor

yan is frozen towels from latvia. we've 7 meters of linen by hand a day on average. he uses it to make around 8 scarves in the winter, yaneth and his wife layla build up their stocks in the summer. they sell their goods on market across europe. they've been in business for 20 years, and it's been going okay. but the kobe crisis hit them hard as the war and ukraine has made things even tighter as booking bands a bunk ones. i never know what to expect at the gas station these days. and when i turn on the lights, i see money disappearing of the big ga, ga, but those are just practical concerns. but once much worse is how we're losing our humanity long. now busied felton's, but thought luckily, janice rosen towels has friends and family helping him to build his house. the price is for construction materials have skyrocketed by over 20 percent. and the completion date just keeps getting pushed back further and further.

rosenfeld live in western lakia in the tiny village of above c m's. janice, enjoys the picturesque scenery twice a day when he brings his children to school and picks them up again. but things aren't as delicate. they may seem latvia with it's 2000000 inhabitants, is among the 5 poorest countries in the u. it had close economic ties with russia for decades. and even yaneth rosenthal's had a customer for his business there. but the war put a stop to that. from his daughter, one reason the paint via like to what we created through and i count his so my his old on the what else just said alco saddened dummy goes school school. you know me and many others feel just like janice since the war people have become increasingly

uneasy about their eastern neighbor. over 30 years ago, the lack ins declared their independence from the soviet union. but the trauma of soviet occupation is still rooted very deeply around a quarter of the population speaks russian mostly in the capitol, riga, and many in latvia sympathized with russia and the kremlin policies at least before the war. now we see that these changes are tremendous as a number of people who are not talking about russia as a neighbor, which, who is who's whom we can, ah, negotiate or trade. it's a decreasing law enormously. so all the rest who understand what happens. they see that russia is invader and that we have to be very careful not to how ukrainian situation ukraine and kind of war at our borders and our to the rotten talk. think the war in ukraine is horrible. but they say, even though ukraine is not far away,

they still don't feel their own country faces any great danger. they believe nato will protect them. and that a russian attack on latvia would inevitably lead to world war 3. melanie, do have a good the local, the other bigger apocalypse that it feels kind of a body lifting it isn't unless you wake up in the morning and you just as you read the news and think like what the hell is going on in this world on this but i'm still hope haven't good things. and i still michael, i think you have to make the best of it is great law. hold on to humanity and will not lose faith. nice. ellen may sound childish. ah, i believe in miracles. ah, the rosy house is deep in western last year. just a few hours drive from the russian border to the east. the latvians and russians

share a common history that stretches back centuries, but they face an uncertain future. i no matter where you go on corsica, there is a chance that you will run into a cow on the street and even on the beach, since they hardly inoffensive to restrain them. cows balls and calves lead a life of absolute freedom on the french island. some of the owners of the animals though, have been a bit too long, a fair when it comes to itemizing exactly how many heads of cattle they own. and that's because for each cow, they declare there's some money that's provided by the european union. but now, every course that can cow has to be registered and in a way that's not making farmers happy. yeah. cause they can cows have a relatively good lunch. often they're not even fenced in. they're free to roam wherever they like. so hardly anyone can be exactly sure who owns which cow and

many farmers are perfectly fine with this love a fair approach. the confusion of cattle allows them to report more livestock to the you than actually exist, says li, up s t a nearly. she has set out to bring order to the chaos. postiani thought the numbers of cattle and corsica have exploded on paper because the farmers get subsidies for every cow which i'm so sick. so leah and her team a trying to find the true number of cows in corsica. to do that, they plant a micro chip known as a bolus in the cattle that those aren't mcdonald's. we use a tube to introduce a bulus right into the cows rooming, our stomach. gravity will keep the policy there for the animals entire life time, like i like to move along in just

a moment of discomfort. and the cow has swallowed the bolus. oh, because integral it's quick and richly painless, open the round shape allows us to pass easily when you would your body from now on subsidies will only be granted for cows with the boldest chip. the owners of these cattle in the tower valley had accepted this solution consisted of untruth. i think it's a good thing that had come to the point where it had to be done. i can, i just don't make things difficult like some people going for so. but other course akins are afraid of losing the generous e u. subsidies estimated at a total of some one and a half 1000000 euros per year for fictional cows. only about half the $50000.00 cattle declared a foot to actually exist in the village of marin yana. the man thinks this cheating

is only to be expected. he says the a you would do better to subsidize sheep and goats more. la la, manipulate the way certain you subsidies are allocated means that some farmers keep cattle even when they don't have the right space. the day, the saturday it, the, the other. some farmers were failing a cattle ranching and saw inventing fictional animals on paper as a way out really to play amid all of us have taken on more than we can handle now. and then. and people end up regarding all cattle ranches as fraudsters, when they're not too far, they're bound to be a few. we've seen them about 40 more people than to crew the cook. with example. not only are the figures for cattle, unclear the pigs in corsica run free as well. but nobody has suggested micro shipping them so far. many cossack and farmers fundamentally distrust the authorities in paris and brussels with their borders,

rules and regulations. they say these bureaucrats con, understand the realities of cattle ranching anyway. they just patronized the farmers initially all if you've only been, the cows are born outdoors, they live in freedom and now they have to swallow some weird foreign object that they don't understand. i don't like the smithy donkey that's dictatorship. we're living in the dictatorship of the free market. and i get the impression that i'm being spied on more and more. a lot of them push on it the freaking the present british. now the 1st polish chips are in place. they can be read electronically. they clearly identify each and every cow and lay a busty. nelly is optimistic. when you can discover your job, you can see that many farmers work hard and really need these subsidies. being able to identify the cattle better, makes the allocation of fat it possible to distribute it better to those who need

it most. it was investigation or to the mash in the end, the real winners are the cause. the can cows still nobody is demanding that they be fenced in like elsewhere, and denied their freedom. oh. what you see here is a very, very special bank in the italian capital of rome. it's special because it doesn't manage money. it manages time. time that's worth at least as much to its customers as actual money. to be clear here at the currency is work hours and by exchanging those hours patrons end up hopefully with a deal that not only feels fair, but lets them reconnect with people in their community all with the help of their local kime bank thunder. alessandra, from the time bank gate, alessandro has brought 2 hours with him,

who are what, therefore, he doesn't know yet. then, do it. where do i go with you soon? this is my studio. nice, gentlemen, william morrow hasn't finished setting up his new apartment. he's the guitarist, but when it comes to d i y, he's all thumbs. he wants to put up shouting, but he's worried about drilling into a power cable. but at least he's a member of the time banking she, she young, i'm not going on. who since a room, but be cooler, cause a full little things. it's ideal. if you need some or small done that you can do yourself on it. you contact the bank and they send someone to see or make people wanna work all the seats. they mother alessandro, who is also a musician, is confident that he can install the shelf

impossible without one key. i used to work in construction. so i've done a little bit of everything electrics, with masonry. what else would i agree? and now i can put that to good use when he was there was about to know where in pinado, a multicultural neighborhood in rome, many people here don't have much money, and inflation is consuming the rest. so they exchange, oh, good evening. senior rivera, may i come in? how things go with them? oh, fine. so bitterly. vera is 8 years old and spends a lot of time alone. he'll be soon your do. i need to have friendly company around . what? a dear friend of mine passed away. oh, he was also a kind of confessor for me. i've always had a confessor, friend,

let me pull this story. now to fanny, as there was an hour of her precious time for conversation and playing cards to fanny and vera are also members of the time bank. when the devil to come away, i like to offer my time company and conversation to those who need it. and so on again, when you all get adding behind this inconspicuous door, is the time banks office. the idea is that all activities are worth the same and can be exchanged. if alessandra works from morrow, he can redeem that time from another member. farrah, for instance. there are many time banks in italy and pianos is one of the oldest elario records. all the hours spent there were over 600 last year and the crisis is making the number grow a comment on for legible data types of requests have changed more than anything. no, but we have more requests for practical help walking by with an important

institution for the neighbourhood. her of it, i did he quoted deity he'd be done. it's vital for me. vice olivia dudley mitchell berra has only recently moved to rome and knows very few people here as well as socializing was to fanny. i managing to beat red cards would be a nice addition, but not to wish to penya isn't prepared to grant her. oh, you mean though, that was it because you did it in the home phony, our cd she made and you can get locked out of keeping some one company and i saw a little crystals come november. the exchange is enriching de la companion home with a jetty t shirt until i get off 8 year old farrah says she's unable to pay off her time debt struggle, but she doesn't have to do with, unlike ordinary banks, the time bank is not that strict about repayment oh all day re good very

good news. alessandro is finished too. if he had drilled into a cable, he would have been insured by the time bank. he's not sure what he'll do with his 2 hours of time credit. but more importantly, he's got to know a fellow musician in the neighbourhood, and mighty was, would be nice to play together sometimes. yes. when i yes. let's organize something . morrow. pace back his time at the very same day by teaching guitar in the evening. at the time bank and to fanny redeemed her credit with morrow. she works as a child care worker and playing cards with vera helped her for it. this guitar lesson. i'm very excited. i can't wait to get started. for my 1st communion, i got linens and my cousin go take a tong. honestly, i've been waiting 40 years for this moment. at the time bank,

you only have to give a little to get a lot back. skiing or snowboarding, down the alps is getting more and more difficult each year. that's because human induced climate change is causing temperatures to rise in europe's mountains. shortening the winter season, in the best case, and making it nearly impossible in the worst, even in switzerland, having enough snow is something you can no longer take for granted. and for the people who earn their living from winter sports, the situation is not easy. first, there was no money now there's no snow. patrick again manages the chair, lived at the whole fung ski resort in calvin, and he's worried donations have been collected to keep it running at all your help . and i would like to close. we have fixed costs, unlike big sky results, we only have a limited number of customers to cover them. and that's a big challenge should are reaching critical mammal situation. it is almost

impossible to manage both climate change and the exploding costs in the valley. the lift operator explains that all the smallest ski resorts are on the brink of collapse. according to his study, a total of 40 percent of all suite ski resorts have already closed and the trend is rising sharply. photographer and ortho daniel anchor is following the trail of dead chair lifts with his camera. a structural change is taking place and he's capturing what remains. so i'm biskin dank bar. the old towers and lift stations are quite pretty, really like memorials, without cable car stations to stay there become the band. i spaces on their little mysterious, to go into the land be think a hamlet for them on dorothy 9 good. in san bernardino de ski business shut down 10 years ago, the control center is deserted and the gondolas are dusty. after the initial shock, the village managed to recover with to bug and run cross country skiing and hiking

trails. it's less lucrative, says hotel owner hands. peter velli, but it works. harmon goose. we then decided to concentrate mostly on ski tools. and that's actually proved successful actually. we've had a good season. the last few years. readers are, i'm good us is also who was over they plan to is for their guests with mountain guides depending on the weather but are still fighting to reopen the ski areas. if winter's continued to get warmer, they'll have to adapt, says flooring and merle fools the mr. nature is always stronger and it's good that it's stronger with will always happen. fortunately, we can't change that either. and so it's very clear that we are the ones who have to be flexible side. switzerland is changing, and where lifts have come to a standstill. ski tours and other sports have taken over the slopes

still plenty of ways to enjoy the mountains. that was our look at europe this week . if you missed anything or want to share this episode online, you can find it at d, w dot com on behalf of the whole team here. thank you for watching. stay safe and until next time, goodbye. ah with

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