with foreign planet in the 16th century, it meant being a captain and setting sail to discover a route a race linked to military interests, a race linked to political and military prestige, but also linked to main financial with adventure full of hardships, dangers, and death. but jillions journey around the world starts january 19th. ah, ah, in global trade a, something that we all depend on, but rarely think about until something goes wrong. we all remember the stunning

images from march 2021 when the gigantic container ship ever given broad global traits to a halt. by getting stuck in a narrow waterway in the suez canal, the vessel left almost 400 ships in a traffic jam. the blockade held up around $9000000000.00 of goods. men for destinations around the world are dependent on fragile global supply chains is one of our topics on this week's edition of made. d w's weekly business show. and these are other reports. big chances are recycling cements can drastically cut emissions big profits, how corporations exploit nature's knowledge, and big benefits, making sustainable fashion in indonesia, up the history of global supply chains is a grim one. it began with exploitation and slavery. the 1st product of

a truly global supply chain was most likely run for its production. slaves were moved from africa to the caribbean, to grow sugarcane, which was sourced from india. eventually the liquor ended up in distilleries in the us and europe capitalizing on lower salaries and cheaper resources from other countries. as also the main motive for modern supply chains today. expanding transport networks like the suez canal, turn supply chains into a mass phenomenon. car parts, for example, can now be delivered just in time to avoid storage costs. today, smart technology has revolutionized supply chains again. now they rely on sophisticated robots and 3 d printing. but what happens when one link in the chain breaks? can we keep producing if our supply chains fail, dw smiley on hotter, looked into the problem. this is a german industrial site with state of the art production facilities. but what

happens when a war disrupts global supply chains the fro? materials will end at the moment. people are trying to make the best of a shortage economy for work. germany is experiencing a commodities crisis. what has to change and how? yeah, we are currently depended on china more. oh, let's take the auto industry refueling. could look like this in the future. studies say that 3 out of 4 new cars in europe could soon be cause. this is an opportunity for chinese carmakers to break into the european market. as in chinese competitors have an edge when it comes to accessing raw materials. in comparison to conventional vehicles, e cause require 3 times as much copper, for example, as well as lithium, nickel, cobalt and rare earths for the battery. but these markets are dominated by china, which invested early in international mining ventures. now,

china controls the processing of raw materials, the sharing global demand. here in germany. it's not just the auto industry that needs them. a number of new sectors, the competing for the same materials, copper and nickel, and not just required for e car, batteries, wind and solar energy robots. 3 d printing services and other digital technologies also depend on these metal. this is the same for cobalt, lithium and rare earth elements, which is driving up their prices does in with the commodity crisis, slowing down investment and renewable energy. osgood, let's say, what needs to be done? your homework. there's a lot of catching up city. europe is relied on functioning supply chain for too long. one way to address if investing in local extraction, doctor stores there is tremendous potential in scandinavia, in the balkans or in spain and portugal in terms of raw metals,

all of retired voice. also. it's also important to expand recycling to reese mouth, and we use expensive metals and find possible alternatives to read us as well as looking for new suppliers. that's good. the often highs all scope will that if i'm sourcing a lot of small quantities from different countries, that's obviously going to increase the price real kaiser, what is applies to via and that will get passed on to the consumer. oh, i think happen. but if the focus is only on the price, there's the risk of making industry dependence and vulnerable in the current crisis. like in any other, we have experts, analysts, and everyday people who say that they saw it coming all along who claim they were aware of looming supply chain issues. years before they happened, for example. but no one can predict the future with other certainty, and being

a know it all in hindsight, can even be dangerous. according to business psychologists want is hindsight bias. often people claim after a crisis that they saw him coming all along. this is known in behavioral economics as hindsight, bias or colloquially, as the knew it all along phenomenon, whether it was russia's invasion of the brain and the subsequent gas crisis. but 2009 financial crisis. the 2012 euros on jet crisis, or the 2020 pandemic. even experts often claim after the event that they saw it coming in. how many of us thing sometimes that certain things were bound to happen? but that can't be true. because economic crises, natural disasters, pandemic and wars can never be predicted for sure. after all,

we're not fortune tellers. at most, it's possible to calculate the probability of such risks, and those probabilities are mostly very low. so where does this sense of having known it all along? come from human beings, have a need to bring order to chaos. so they convinced themselves the world is predictable. that leads to considerable errors in judgment. so what can we learn from this generalizations like that was obviously going to happen are problematic. they overlook the fact that similar cases could turn out quite differently in future. in the case of russia, some claim, the policy of reproach when through trade has failed. but many experts said that's nonsense, intense trade relations reduce the likelihood of war. empirical evidence confirms that a hasty abandonment of this approach would make our world less safe. another problem with

hot side bias, the awareness of other risks is diminished. many managers vastly overestimates the probability of the current crisis repeating itself, but lose sight of other weaknesses in their company. their focus is only on the current crisis, instead of preparing financially for the next crisis. for example, hindsight bias stops us learning from experience, which is the one good thing that we should be taking away from a crisis. so remember only with the benefit of hindsight, wise, learning from mistakes to make better decisions in the future. that's also an essential approach to the climate crisis. and it's one needed when dealing with mass of c, o. 2 emitters like the cement production, cement as a key ingredient of concrete, which we used to construct, buildings, bridges, and roads. its production makes up 8 percent of global c o 2 emissions. that's more

than 3 times as much as the aviation industry, the cement industry. we're a country, it would be the 3rd largest emitter in the world. in recent decades, it's production has been increasing rapidly. in 1995, 1500000 tons of cement were produced in 2021. that number rose to almost 4500000000. but despite its dangerous environmental impact, only 2 percent of concrete waste is recycled. to make new concrete, christiane put failures visit a business us working to increase that number. some things under construction everywhere you look, but sand and gravel, the raw materials used for producing concrete are becoming scarce. and how do we avoid making concrete deserts that can't absorb rainwater? experts are already developing solutions that work germany creeds,

280000000 tons of concrete waste every year. but at least this rubber will soon be repurposed into new concrete. holstein accompanied in southern germany, specializes in recycling, building materials, a crushing machine turns the concrete pieces into small granules, which are sorted by size. the granules are then sold to cement manufacturers. what's good for whole theme can also be good for the environment, which i know onside processing can save millions of truck kilometers how the kilometer i'm spawn. sam used to produce concrete is usually doug from large pits, then transported hundreds of kilometers. the same is true for gravel. the 2nd component in concrete, but sand and gravel are becoming scarce. at this construction recycling plant,

old red roofing tiles are also used to produce concrete, recycled sand, as taken from an old construction pit. it's cleaned and saved before being sorted by size of the of a bomb. everything here used to be a bridge or a floor slab or a house and we're making something new from it. all. this material would have ended up in landfills and in some dumbbells, and that we could use it to make high quality building products that are used in new construction projects. will i use the recycled products? are then delivered to customers like to this nearby concrete manufacturer. this company is different from most of its competitors, because globally, only 2 percent of building materials get recycled. but this company depends on recycled materials, which account for 30 percent of its entire production and the recycled concrete is less expensive to the materials are mixed in this

plant. and then deliver to customers to the final product will look like this. a building material that many customers prefer over conventional products. this new tool, while it's becoming more popular because people understand that we have to conserve resources. and that's why demand is now greater than before, middle away, nicholas will be if we'll other solutions are also being developed at this cement plant, for example, permeable, concrete that can absorb rainwater. helping improve urban climates. this to somebody, they can wazell this inch date. rainwater seeps through this concrete and goes under ground one which can help improve ground water levels include fos, a, household beautiful, basal or done enough, and then warmed, can cause the water to evaporate. muscle with eliminating hot surfaces, utah mountain unkindness, or hasan flicking a good one. this could help prevent concrete deserts,

with completely sealed surfaces and recycled construction materials are also brought to this southern german company, which it uses to make concrete blocks. ingredients clued, recycled sand, and recycled rock granules. they are constantly testing new stone formulas in the lab. experimenting with different colors, shapes and components to increase the portion of recycled content, which is 30 to 40 percent. the recycled look is intentional and performer. you know, we're primarily talking about up cycling horn quantity. we want to produce a very high quality design. b, this tile pattern creates an entirely new surfaces. you look on the, on the gun loyal. this is what it should look like. a new generation of recycled

sidewalk with lots of green grass sprouting up in between and space for water to seep into the ground. this is what many customers now want a growth market for the concrete industry. the ideas behind lucrative modern technologies often come from nature. more specifically, the discoveries of indigenous peoples. sometimes corporation use their knowledge to create a patent that then generates billions and revenue. but the profits are not passed on. that exploitation did abuse, louise osborne, explains cosmetic seal the power of real coal press all gonna pharmaceuticals specially developed to help soothe and relax. unique cleaning product. remove tough things like tomato fills. many of them contain ingredients originally derived from nature. and why not? i mean, there's a lot we can learn from the environment. it's not that simple. over the last

decades, companies and institutions have claimed natural compounds and substances of their own and hijacked the knowledge of how to use them. they have profited something to the tune of billions of dollars, who's paying the price. welcome to the world of bio, piracy bio prospecting is defined in the united nations document as the exploration of plant and animal species for the utilization of their genetic resources. it basically describes companies and institutions looking for new natural substances to use in their product. then in recent decades it's, it's pharmaceutical companies. it's buying their companies regard recalled through companies can we're chemical companies as well a claiming intellectual property rights relating to lourdes. the research and

development that they've been doing and they're doing that through payton's. the idea is that new inventions cost companies, time and money and research to help them make that back. patents, give them exclusive rights over that innovation for a set period of time. the bought in that the should have a bad system or did. and the industries od appreciate it for the reset, but it becomes more problematic when traditional knowledge of communities is involved. take the name tree, known as the tree of life and india. it has vast medicinal and healing properties. and it can also be used to make organic pesticides and fungus sites. in 1995 us multinational w r. grace was granted a european patent. manime oil used as part of it, so gannet fungicide, mnemic for a brand worth over $60000000.00 per year. according to a 2008 report indigenous communities in india had already been using name oil as

a fungicide for centuries. but others profited from their knowledge. the appropriation and commercialization of genetic resources like plants extract from indigenous knowledge for profit. this is where bio prospecting can turn into bio piracy. companies use patents to protect innovations without fair compensation for communities, whether genetic material and knowledge comes from. there should be a balance between the advancement at knology and also what is entre if not on it should be preserved. it should not be misappropriated. it took 10 years for the european patent on the use of the name pound to be overturned. but this is far from a typical outcome for indigenous communities. they often lack the funds and support to fight peyton's. and there are other problems too. it can also be harmful to buy

a diversity. hootie a gordon. i is a plant fountain, south africa. it's like a cactus, essentially, it doesn't look appetizing, which is pretty fitting because he is a natural appetite suppressant. the son people of the region used the plant to keep them going wrong hunting, but its properties made it very attractive. the business research south africa's count for for scientific and industrial research, c, f i. r, used the plan to extract to formulate the molecule p 57 as a hunger suppressant for treating obesity in the 19 ninety's. the center peyton's at the molecule and licensed it to multinational farmer company pfizer. and then you k based biotech fighter fam. no credit was given to the sun people and there was so much interest and hi about this on the parents and the researchers in newspapers. it's reported globally on that it was decimated by opportunity,

so people came out and sort of decided they were going to make money off off on the removal of this plan. the sale of this plan who dea has had to be protected and south africa namibia, illegal harvesting is one of the main threats against the plant. it took until the early 2, thousands for the fan people to become aware of the cfo patent. with help from n g o's, the community successfully campaigned for the role of their traditional knowledge to be acknowledged under a benefit sharing agreement, they were to receive milestone of royalty payments. it's not clear how many cases of bio piracy there have been. the united nations has tried to instigate a solution under its convention on biological diversity. the aim of the nagoya

protocol is to share benefits from bio prospecting with indigenous communities. there is a growing recognition in general that the whole issue of nature and by diversity is important. and it's important because calls you worse, are more, more interested in a more aware and asking questions. nuts, rick coach la ganga, executive director of the union. unethical bio trade. it's a membership based organization that helps companies comply with the protocol and awards them with a certification on that product. if they do, all these regulations are still you are still on the elephant. sometimes when clear . still on land, there is a framework one that extends around 200 nautical miles from a nation's border into the ocean. beyond the new frontier for exploration and potential exploitation, the high seas offer an abundance of possibilities. marine organisms

can live in extreme pressure temperatures, darkness, animals like sponges, produced chemicals that have the potential to treat cancer. the global market projected for marine biotechnology by 2025 is $6400000000.00 with the potential for use in pharmaceuticals, chemical and biofuel industries. nations a currently trying to figure out how to share the ocean's resources, equitably. countries in the global south don't want to be left behind bio discovery by a prospecting. however you want to call it to make scientific and technological advancements. well, it's clear that we need it. it has very, very significantly contributed to kind of human human well being. and if you look at all kinds of medicines, they're based on natural remedies. they're based on bio prospecting. so by

prospecting is perfect is important to bill remain very important in the future. but it has to be done in a way that is fair to the biodiversity rich nations, where the solutions of found. one way is by creating guidelines on what can be patented and how companies and research institutions should work with indigenous and local researchers, developers and marketers. working together gifts, both local communities and companies alike, the opportunity to profit it also ensures the protection of the species providing us with the means to make advancements in technology, health, food security, and beyond. it is possible to use traditional knowledge ethically. we met denny korea, dini flesh an entrepreneur whose company makes environmentally friendly clothes while fighting the exportation of women in indonesia,

the farm to closet. ethos of the brand has become an inspiration and role model for others. and that sells globally. a price that works occasion on women in village as a new job. well taking care of my mom. my name is danny thought, and i'm the father and be all of a book. i see them. not only that, we want to change how close are made. we actually want to change also how it's being grown. everything is really digital. we, you have social media and left side in order to reach consumers on the global level . really, it's about clearly and simplifying the pros that such that people can get emotional attachment as well. so the process behind closed away from all the chemicals away from the feeling that really heard of environment to actually healing the my background actually has nothing to

do about fashion. i'm development economists and my work took me through villages a fucking in asia and there for the 1st time i saw how our quotes are made by women with their hands. when i was in the villages, i started realizing that there are women who flies are impacted by our everyday choice of what we wear. and i realized that i wanted to then build a bridge between people all around the world who care about this issue. care about where to close, come from. with the very women will actually make it the very women who the plan that are used to make everything we make all the colors is actually made a plan of indigenous indonesian knowledge that has to exist through a generation. but if law in the pursuit of lowering the cost of fashion,

we have to really work very hard, make sure there is enough awareness and therefore the man for all these products basically. and we were actually very happy because we manage the ship, our product. now, over 30 countries and that manage the profane all the field work that we do on the religious level. we're not another fashion, but we're not another business, but we are a model for change. we're here to show that there is a different way that you as a business can grow, you can be successful. but at the same time also making sure that every choice literally empowers those who are previously. and i have a choice we have managed this plastic years built wonderful, well,

birth farm for father fashion supply chain. and our hope is actually to really significantly scale that. so our goal is that within the next 5 years we wanna scale that $1000.00 hector's. that wraps up another episode of made i, mattie xena, thank you for watching and see you next time with ah, with

ah, with a cradle of human kind dry in south africa, more of our ancestors boston can be found here than anywhere else on earth. researcher joseph braga asks the question when, but more importantly,

why did human beings come into existence? the answer is a scientific breakthrough with 15 minutes on d. w to the point of strong opinions, clear positions, international perspectives. western countries are accelerating the support for you . craig from i'm a be close to the time. all happens double seems to help us on to the boys. we are bang for your grade is the west joining the point with on d. w a is increasing every year in many im gonna working on lunch with holiday

destinations drowning in plastic white. we read wine and happy to look at the causes i every year of the exports over $1000000.00 tons of plastic with there. another way. after all, the environment isn't to recyclable. make up your own mind. d. w. made for mines. ah, will you become a criminal? i already know that with hackers paralyzed between your societies. computers that i showed you and governments that go crazy for your data. we explain how these technologies work,

how they can go for but how they can also go terribly. watch it now on youtube. ah ah, this is dw news live from berlin. joe biden comes under investigation for the 1st time as president. special council is appointed to look into biden's handling of classified documents. after lawyers find more files, that is home. also coming up in the far north, swedish miners hit a rare earth metal jackpot.