ah, the world's rich and powerful are once again mixing and mingling in the swiss alps, no not unsafe more. it's in davos home of the world economic forum, the annual meeting, where the global elite shakes, hands makes deals and dreams up solutions to humanities. biggest challenges. this is not a feel good summit. ukraine's 1st lady used her platform at the meeting to power, fully urge leaders to use their influence to end the war that is destroying her country. with a special mention of china, russia most powerful ally who still refuses to condemn moscow's aggression. i'm nichol fairly can berlin and this is the day. ah, we are facing a threat and a collapse of the world as we know it. we were serious know much more support,

but there's more to be honest, the small to my friends that will be no let up in our staff for support to ukraine . we hope and we are trying to organize a bigger support for euclid and we need assistance. we need to defend our citizens to one year, 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, we will support ukraine as long as needed. you all know that russian aggression was never intended to stop at ukraine's waters. this war will move forward and trigger wider crises if ukraine use us. oh, also coming on, china's population shrinks for the 1st time in decades. well look at what some see as a demographic time ball, or there's a lot of should to have today. but who does to have kids?

the unemployment rate is so high. covey destroyed everything. there is nothing we can do. ah, welcome to the show. we begin the day and davos where hundreds of the world's most influential movers and shakers are gather this week for the annual world economic forum. the stated motto of the event improving the state of the worlds and of that is really what they're therefore list of possible topics to tackle is longer than ever. a looming recession, climate change growing in equality, and of course, the horrendous war and ukraine to de ukraine's 1st lady elaine. as the lamps got dressed leaders and called on them to step up their efforts to bring the conflict to an end. she said it was a crucial 1st step in finding solutions to the many other pressing global issues. here's part of her speech. yes, the, which of this is, how does the world expect to reach climate neutrality?

if it can't even stop the burning down of whole ukrainian cities, you see me. this is what russia does with its artillery missiles. iranian drones get them on skin with you all know that russian aggression was never intended to stop but ukrainian borders. he muttered, the supreme, this war can move forward animals and ignite wider crises if you crane loses if show her sort of nipple of her. but how can peace be achieved? well, those the landscape have a clear plan and the ukranian 1st lady brought it with her to davis. she came bearing letters from her husband, volota mere zalinski setting out his proposal to end russia's war against his country. one of them was meant for a chinese leader shooting, paying china has been an important partner for moscow and so far, refused to condemn rushes invasion to lend scott also had a letter for european commission. president was a fund and i the chief reaffirm the blocks financial support and urged member states to provide the weapons that ukraine needs. first task for europe is to

support financially. we have accepted a package of 18000000000 euros for the year 2023, and the 1st trash has been approved yesterday of 3000000000. it's crucial to keep the state of ukraine up and running, paying salaries, for example, hospitals running schools going on. then of course, military equipment is of utmost importance. here it's a task of the member states. but i think personally ukraine needs the military equipment that it can handle and that it is asking for like, what, for example, well, as it is not the european union who is a owning any kind of a new military equipment, it's the member states. we have to decide on, but am always positive on advanced material advanced equipment because if they can handle it, they and they needed, they should get it. i was european commission in chief, was enough on the line there. and germany has major decisions ahead over its

military support to ukraine. after the u. k is offered to challenger tanks and being sent to ukraine. berlin is under pressure to allow the delivery of german made leopards ukraine. hopes of fleet, of these modern battle things will help change the course of the war. but the export, even from other nations, requires german authorization. the decision now sets on the desk of germany's new defense minister to day boris pastorius was named to replace christine alumni to resign. yesterday. historian has been a state level politician for more than a decade now. he's at the head of germany's armed forces. boris pastorius is an old hand with a new job. taking the reins of germany's military during times of war and europe. he told reporters he was ready for the task come yamato disability and respectfully enormous task before me. from the ministry of defense, it is already

a great challenge in peacetime, and even more in times when germany is involved in a war in directly. but i'm a, i'm aware of the responsibility and the great significance and em all the more grateful that i have been entrusted with it to good harvard on that i will throw myself into this challenge with 150 percent from day one along for the last 10 years pastorius herself does interior minister in the state of louis saxony? varnishing a reputation as reliable and unafraid to speak his mind. chancellor ala sholtes hopes, those qualities, will help steer the armed forces through considerable change. s. mitchell, i'm fine, don't. he is not only a friends and got politician abaz's, but also someone who has a lot of experience and security policy fruit. there. the who has worked very openly and closely in his previous function with the goodness via on to and to also

possess as the strength and calmness needed for such a big task. the face of the current changes pastorius will have plenty to do at a ministry known as a career killer. modernizing the military, strengthening, fighting forces and handling weapon supplies to ukraine of possession, figures have called on him to turn germany's site and vendor or turning point into a reality. so he needs a steep learning curve and he has to start quite soon because the expectations on, on germany, arnold lowering the r a will increase in the next months. therefore, he has to show leadership and to bring site and when the into practical terms and practical experience for the others. pastorius will have no time to settle in his 1st big appointment, a meeting with his u. s. counterpart in berlin. later this week. so a new defense minister in town,

ben does the story. his appointment also meanwhile, seen changes to germany's policy on ukraine is did. oh, he is chief political correspondent, mean as well. he will have to learn to swim instantly after his official appointment this thursday. because the u. s. defense secretary will be here in berlin, and you'll want to talk how best to supply you train with weapons, how best the west can see a support ukraine militarily. there is a big, high level meeting of international defense ministers on friday at ramstein military base, or where we're hearing that there is a bit of movement. germany could agree to give its consent, potentially, so that other countries can deliver combat tanks to ukraine. now that is of course, something where germany has come under a lot of pressure in recent weeks and months. germany so far is not willing to deliver those combat tanks itself, but might give its consent so that others can deliver those german made tanks. but whatever those decisions imply,

it all have sites. the chancellor has made it clear that they lie with him, no matter who leads the defense ministry. so some personnel changes here in berlin and lots of talk of supporting ukraine from around europe. let's get some perspective and bring and ref out boss on. he's with the german institute for international and security affairs in berlin. thank you so much for joining the day tonight. we're only a few weeks into the new year and it looks like the western response to the warning crane is evolving. the u. k has already pledged battle tanks we just heard of. there will other countries now step up their game to well, as we just heard, we have to wait for this meeting and lunchtime. but yes, the noise is that with this kind of, you can move. there is really, really not massive, but there is a momentum growing. finland is also pledged more support poland anyway, has been over the forefront. and well, we'll see whether there will be this kind of change fundamentally with main battle tanks. but i wouldn't be surprised if at least the low numbers,

say 2000 or 50 in total in the coalition of countries could be actually agreed on. and that still doesn't mean that they will arise the next day to ukraine. it will still be a process of months, but it is a critical time because everybody expects a new intensification of the fights over the coming weeks out and germany seems to be the main. hold out here. what signal does that send to ukraine? well, this has been a story really for months, as you said, and german decision makers, at least in the government. they also point out that actually germany's performance overall isn't that. and we have to live at actually about was the been, say, france practically. we just have been very bad, let's say in presenting our actual assistance also in the military side. so i don't know where the germany really can be seen as the main stumbling block. but yes, is this question of main battle times that is critical because really, as you said,

there is the need for giving approval. and i think that is really what is on the cards. now with this personnel change that we could see that. and then if 3 or 4 countries will deliver the electric pet times, then maybe 2 or 3 months later, germany will also come along and provide its own forces. so germany is critical for that one question, but no overall we have provided a lot of air defenses, petra systems, artillery pieces and so on, so forth. so really it's a big one. picture. ok, let's look at it from a different angle. then how does germany is position factor into european and more broadly, and nato's response to the war? well, germany is obviously a very large and central country in europe and as such as nato is gearing back into its old rationale mainly territorial defense. the defense of the lions. it is ultimately really a key state but it is not delivering yet it's sort of full weight or you know,

we're not investing sufficiently. we are way back in terms of what we are initially promised already to build up since already several years. 2 percent of our gross domestic product. and you know, in germany traditionally was well the frontline of a potential conflict with the former warsaw pact. now obviously we're not, but still we have this kind of central central role, maybe not frontline, but as an industrial heartland. so i think ideally, germany would be a backbone to provide a lot of material. and also a leader in terms of bringing both western and eastern european countries together . france has amended some difficult relations with some eastern european countries who are set obama cross overtures to russia in the past. but, you know, france has moved on from that still, i think germany really has to play this bridging role. and i hope there is going to be catching up process. so it's

a diplomatic but also economic and material role that germany has to play. it's not the leader but a central pillar definitely. and we still have to move for effort in that respect. and i want to talk sanctions because the regime doesn't seem to me hurting the russian economy as much as was hoped. how much more can a turn that screw? well, yes, that's true. i am. we did underestimate the resilience of the russian economy. also, the russian bank, central bank did a great job instead of placing the deficit for the time being. there is of course, always somewhat more room. there is also called from a personal sanctions, but i wouldn't see that there is a real new game changer around the corner. what is much more important is, will we see the effect off the last rounds of sanctions to really bite soon? so the oil embargo has been only in force since early december. the price kept similarly, and now there is this data coming in,

the russia really is currently forced to sell it oil at almost half the price of already said price cash. so there was a debate $60.00 per barrel. now it's around $35.00. apparently, the russia is being able to sell, and so this will really cut into the russian budget. so yes, last year russia was really still having record sales this year. it's look a lot different. and i think the sanctions will show more effect over the coming months. but yes, there are not a silver bullet. and i don't think we really can expect massive new sanctions over the coming weeks. help us on. great speaking to you and thank you for your time. thank you. ah, for the 1st time in decades china's population has declined by 850000 people according to official numbers. and that doesn't sound like much for a country of more than a 1000000000, but this moment marks a trend will be seeing over the century. for jackson's show that by 2100 china's

population will be lower than it was even in the 1960s. this demographic shift is predicted to have massive consequences on china's economy and social stability. and that is likely to echo around the world's oh, here's a look back at how china has trying to manage its population of to new booming mega cities, teeming with people. that's the image of 21st century china. and yet, china needs more babies. for the 1st time in 60 years, it's population is shrinking. despite dropping its notorious one child policy some years ago. chinese couples are reluctant to have more children those out. so are you feel that the economic pressure on young people is quite high, especially for those from outside of beijing who live here. it's already really difficult. for those of us that were born in the eighty's, most of us are from one child families. there's

a lot of pressure when it comes to taking care of your parents and improving your quality of life in the future. you'll have audi. allie, with this is an inevitable outcome at the moment, people born in the 2 thousands which is reaching the twenty's. and right now, many young people don't want to have kids. so that's because of the economic circumstances and the social environment. so that's contributed to decline and population growth. wine back to the 19 fifties and china's population was exploding. fueled by chairman mouse believed that a large population was a key component of china's strength. but this led to poverty and food shortages, especially in rural areas. in 1979 authorities introduced a strict one child policy with families who violated it, facing hefty fines and other penalties, but worries over a decline in the working age population that could threaten china's position as the

wells manufacturing powerhouse prompted a change in 2016, the rules were relaxed to permit parents to have 2 children. 2 years ago, the policy was expanded to allow couples to have up to 3 children, law decades of social conditioning from the one child policy as well as economic worries. i mean that chinese couples remain unconvinced. well, what not? we don't think about it too much. we only care about whether having a 2nd child is good for our family. i don't feel like should have more children because the birth rate of this country is falling. is what we don't think that way . i'm happy as long as our family is happy with having only one child. carla, goal of wounds i show. china is still the most populous country in the world. but if it can't be verse, it's slowing rate of population growth. it's set to face a demographic time bomb. earlier i spoke to a russian, she is a researcher and the erasure grew where she covers chinese foreign policy and

domestic politics. i asked her to give us a sense of the significance of this population decline. so this, as you mentioned, is the 1st time in a around 60 years that china has experienced 8 population decline. and it is significant in the sense that it highlights the severity of china as demographic picture. it basically says that china's aging prices is officially here. what's the reason for this historically low birth rate? yes, so the population decline, as you said, is driven mainly by low bye bye bye. historically low birth rates. and this is primarily due to the rising cost of child bearing in china as of 2019, there is a study that says a cost of raising a child up to the age of $18.00 is nearly 7 times of china as a g. d p per capita. of that year, and

a co 19 has actually exacerbated this trend of lowering fertility willingness among young couples. because because of the unpredictability of large downs, under the 0 co policy, there is a decreasing sense of financial or financial stability and security among young people. china arrived at this point, much earlier than expected, is the economy purely to blame for this? this, this trend is basically due to a accelerating decline of people's willingness to have children. because of the reasons i mentioned before, and corbin 19 has simply exacerbated those challenges because of this negative effect on the economy. specifically in terms of decreasing domestic demand, it's being called a demographic time ball. what will this mean for the country,

for the people and the economy? so in the long term, the chinese demographic situation is definitely a challenge. because china is trying to convert is economy to a more consumption driven economy. but with the aging crisis, there will be a long term dollar pressure on china's domestic demand. and in terms of government expenditure, the government will be expected to spend even more on social security now. and also providing child support. and those are the 2 main, a long term challenges for chinese economy and in terms of its society, i think young people are even more expected today to take care of the elderly. as china's dependency ratio has risen, due to this population to decline, which is projected to continue over the next few years. is there

a chance that can be turned around? what realistic incentives can the chinese government offer it? citizens to have larger families? there are several existing policy initiatives, for example, people with multiple children can have some kind of incentive to choose better housing, buy better houses. and there are also discussions in beijing to issue policies from attorney leave and provide a better support in terms of child care for people who are, who are working. but these policies have yet to remain to be, to be seen how effective they are. and these all tied to as well to see a common prosperity agenda, which is trying to basically improve the quality of life for 4 people. i was able shannon, chinese policy researcher and figure racial group. we

heard how climate change is an urgent issue being discussed at the world economic forum and in few places are the effects felt as acutely as in africa. the horn of africa is now facing the threat of a 5th consecutive failed rainy season and devastating droughts. but a solution could be much closer than many realize. scientists have discovered that despite the frequent grounds, there is an increasing amount of ground water underneath the regions dusty plains which could be used to cope with a long dry spells b. it's the worst drought in 40 years here in somalia makes camps like this one near the town of by do a have sprung up on mass as hundreds of thousands of people have been forced to flee bone dry conditions. many a herders whose lifeline is their animals. they totally depend on regular rainfalls . really of the we will come here above the list. i think is becoming really

difficult for liberal to sustain the lives them in the room turned droughts in the horn of africa are becoming more frequent and more devastating with time. people in this already water, scarce region, can no longer rely on the long range between march and may and the short rains between october and december. whilst livestock said come, and more than 37000000 people in the horn of africa are facing acute hunger. people might be sitting on top of their lifesaver, huge amounts of groundwater. scientists found that most countries in africa would actually have enough underground water supply for more than 50 years. plus, the study shows this water storage is even increasing despite the poor rainy seasons. this is because of the now more common heavy rain showers. they can most

effectively refill the water stored in the ground to become ground water. rainfall needs to be intense enough for the water to quickly infiltrate the soil. these short but heavy down pulls, fill up dry riverbeds. the water then seeps into underground deposits. these findings are extremely exciting, says the agra economist, alaric sandra, who has had years of experience working in africa, come up. there's a great opportunity and a huge untapped potential. if you can access that, you can increase yields in a fairly short time by $100.00 to maybe even 400 per cent. so there's a very big potential to increase production in africa. her capital, real nato, he offered the world bank has allocated money to explore this, and the private sector has already drilling in some places if tapped into on a large scale. ground water could be a game changer for the continents, most vulnerable regions. blue. and

finally for days now we've been covering protests at the german village of nits a lot, which is slated for demolition to make way for a coal mine expansion. it's become a symbol for the fight against fossil fuels and a cause for climate activists from across germany. and beyond, well today, one of the most famous climate campaigners of them all gretta tumor was among a group of demonstrators for detained by german police. and 20 year old swede was physically carried away by officers and riot gear. police said the protesters would be released later in the day. that's our time by make sure to stay in touch, follow our team on twitter, answering that we news and myself at nicole underscore fully. and it's the latest headlines you're looking for. there is a for, it's always our website, d, w dot com for now though from me and the entire team here on the day. thank you so much for spending parts of your day with

ah, with oh, the world belongs to the rich of the way it should be. or should we limit and redistribute the well? and how exactly do the wealthy spend all their money? they buy bunkers for one, a very rich program about rich people made in germany.

next on d, w. the slow death of an african fishing village. people of tomba in sierra leone have made their living from fishing for centuries. but no chinese trawlers are threatening the coast. many villagers have been forced to abandon their families because they have no future in town. ne boats emptiness in 45 minutes on d, w. o. sometimes the b, c i t, the highlights for she knew in books every week, not come up with an exclusive interview with donnie dionne

director of the yard to wash him holocaust memorial. you vowed that you would never visit germany. what are your expectations? we have to think together how to continue to keep the flame of all opposed to remembrance, alive. now he's visiting germany for the very 1st time. the exclusive interview with donnie di today at 2315 u t. c on d w. ah, ah ah ah ah, whether it's upon demick the war in ukraine or the climate crisis, many of us are feeling anything but secure right now. businesses in particular are having a tough time make.