we will not go to vinci's mysterious masterpiece. ah, this perhaps the greatest leonardo masterpiece in the collection of the louvre and no, it is not the mona lisa. it is the virgin of the rocks, 2 versions, multiple copies, and a hidden drawing. is there another symbolic meaning to this beautiful lady that perhaps we just don't understand today which were answers starts february 10th on d. w with nature is beautiful and useful, but i'll be useful to nature what plants should we grab in our cities to support local ecosystems. how can we keep snails out of our vegetable gardens without harming them or other creatures?

and how can mushrooms help us give something back to nature after our death? all that and more coming up. ah. hello and welcome to tomorrow to day the science show on d. w. and later like this is full of activity, flowers blossoming. butterflies flying and bees humming. scientists have proven that farm land meadows serve as a source of food. a habitat for pollinate is act as carbon sinks and help to replenish groundwater. and they say that's especially true when a wide variety of plans can be found there in large numbers. but doesn't matter whether the various plans are native species or come from other regions

for water to biology is doing in the garden center when they don't even have gotten they're looking for what's on offer for gardens and balconies. japan seager and my stout are on a mission to safe native plant species. the idea about concept is that we want to harness the enormous potential of the millions of green areas that we have in germany and other countries like germany. so we have gardens, allotment, sidewalks, balconies. it's all spaces where there are people living intimately with the spaces where people are interested in planting things in the spaces. and what we want to do is redirect those efforts towards native plants that are threatened at risk of declining already are declining mostly native plans,

the cultivated and urban areas around the world. it could help to slow the decline of biodiversity. but why is the focus a native plans so important with currently recount 13000 non native plants and the entire plan diversity is 370000 plants. so the only supports neophytes. so the non native tons, then we only support a small fraction and these plans already managed very well to disperse, so they are not addressed. whereas many native towns are at risk in germany, around 30 percent of native plans are endangered. landscape architect claudia fagan plague books with tree trips and flowers in her experience. customers don't usually ask for a native or exotic plans. they just want hardy plans that are resistant to disease

and easy to care for and bought that she preferred to planned really not to alicia sean. and where should we make our selections based very much on the design, depending on what people want much, deloitte does. so 1st look at what people want, i think, and then we look at the location by that because they are all really different or if one of the plans not, then we choose the right plan ident pleasant. for example, they can tolerate shade or loans for val i tonic along or species that are able to cope with less water div placement venue offered. select con, it boils down to a mix of native and non native plants. when people do ask about native plants, they usually mean plans that will support in 6 and birds. se, se, claudia frigo. and he, in the garden center, they are a lot of insects. but up potty, nate, us more attracted to exotic or native plants. ah, less it evolved conasauga as of us with your boy,

i can't really say exactly what we see here is that insects like going to non native plants lawanda devlinson because sometimes these plans filled the gap when native plants are taking a break, i'm from plans and i know polish idling on what i said that probably makes most sense is having both variance in follicle. so native species supplemented by non need of one solution. i can think of the friend glendon all that clear servers in the life seat natural history museum. he is a specialist on invertebrates, which includes insects. the museum has around 300000 in its collection. does he think non native plants are a problem for native insects when fetishes as chemical plymouth, and it's not a problem when a new species appears division and the question is always how they fit into an existing ecosystem, please. and that is very difficult to predict and advance learn aquifers because in

a new ecosystem, they encounter many species of animals and plants that they are not prepared for sized meals. so we don't know if there will be negative or positive impacts or no impact at all kind of feel clean up. and what about wild beasts? because controls envy within that depends on how good they are at dealing with changing flora. of course, there are generalists among wild bees in, for example, many bumblebees can use a wide variety of plants for food, but there are also many beeson bumblebees that cannot. they depend on a small number of plants youngers, and when those plans disappear. so to the bees, philip dorski is also a biologist, and he too, is concerned about protecting biodiversity. what looks like a garden where nature has been left to its own devices. it's actually the result of gardening that emulate nature. but other plans he had primarily native species

liking mashed out until the unsee. gov wants ah, was excellent disciplines. mm hm. so the non native plants we have here are mainly crops slung, for example, we have situ on pepper ice pins, which can be used as a spices of growth for and we also have fig trees electrify. and we harvest the fruit on tongue t. jaime flour native plants are primarily for the animals. so like these wild areas here by the pond, not one on flesh and you have its westbridge young ties. but of course, i know there are also native plants that we use, like ment i spoke to you mincer the mix of native and non native plants seems to work well for many animals. like these dragon flies, bee's address. in nature, a garden have many advantages, but it is a lot of work. and gardeners need to be knowledgeable about the plans. it must out

into the and figure like the natural garden. but does it live up to the idea of god that supports native plans and ecosystems? i think the best ratio is probably to have between 10 to 20 percent non natives new fights and the rest 80 to 90 percent native species. and especially for the new fighter would be desirable that they kind of fit into our ecosystems as well. so that in tech pollinators recognize the species, there's still one big sticking point, according to research, as people's perception of what constitutes a beautiful garden needs to change. but maybe it's helpful to know that a garden with such a mix of plants could better survive climate change even

a well planned and planted garden that's equipped to combat climate change may be no match for snails. and no wonder worldwide they were over $40000.00 species of snails. and they can be found everywhere in the sea, in fresh water and on land. and they love to eat where the native plants or exotic species snails love them all. so do we stand a chance of keeping them out of our gardens? now that's what you call moving at a snail's pace. a snail this big travels at 0.003 kilometers per hour. that's just 3 meters an hour. and it's carrying quite a load. the shell on its back provide shelter when it's too cold or too warm. in this hole in the front door allows the snail to breathe. their eyes are also

fascinating. an antenna extends outward like a telescope. though the eye on top can only tell light from dark, but snails have an impressive sense of smell and can tell when something tasty is growing in a garden. snails not only love to creep around, they also love to eat a lot. they consume their weight in food every day. never ration appetite often causes conflict and makes them the bane of every gardener. oh ah! but all snails are not the same. those with a shell help to keep gardens healthy. they feed mainly on dead plant and animal remains playing

a key role in homeless formation while cleaning up the garden. at the same time. only slugs, essentially, snails without shelves are considered garden pests. like the spanish slug. how can you combat slugs? most methods focus on killing the intruders, but that affects both slugs and snails alike. household salt is especially brutal slugs die painfully from dehydration and beer traps are so attractive that they laur snails from neighboring gardens. even organic slug pellets made from ferric phosphate can be harmful to snails, natural enemies, such as hedgehogs, mice and birds. it all depends on how many sales they eat. what's the right method? covering plant beds with dry material is one alternative to gathering up and relocating snails each day. sawdust. egg shells,

sand ash or dry coffee grounds are tough to slither across. slugs like a damp predators like runner ducks are an especially effective but labor intensive option. a one to one mixture of chili powder and cinnamon works to at least in countries where snails aren't familiar with the scent of cinnamon. it keeps them from smelling letters. when she leave it, and once it is lug has tasted a plant with chilly on it, it'll never go back and word gets out as quickly. he'll sprinkle the mixture over the bed between with some on the leave, some on the soil, it's non toxic, but unappetizing for slimy. let us thieves snails are a minor problem compared to the major threat posed by climate change. wold wide droughts and dry periods are increasing, often leading to crop fadia. but in the long term arid ground also poses an

existential problem from micro organisms, plants and animals. and therefore, for us as well, much research has been conducted to find remedies. in switzerland, for example, they are looking for ways to make the best possible use of water in agriculture. water is a precious resource, philipo nay. as a researcher at the swiss center of excellence for agricultural research or agro scope. he has been ideas about how to preserve water is supposed go on what important goal is finding the right amount of water up so we can use as little of it as possible for irrigation, while still achieving the best possible, what all it was, a blur who i found a 100000000 objective cutty, that monet is working on a drip irrigation system. for orchards. each tree needs

a little more than 12 leaders per day and using the right amount in the right places helps conserve water. bosa reminds me of an australian publication which demonstrated that drip irrigation can reduce water usage by 50 percent discount sycold got older. other studies may be less optimistic, but all of them come to the same conclusion. drip irrigation is an efficient method of distributing water to fruit trees, especially when used in combination with ground sensors. are 2 separate sensors at different depths and the ground measure its moisture. when the song gets to dry, the sensors send out a signal indicating that the tree needs water. the signal triggers the watering system up to 3 times a day. monet has conducted trials on 30 different fields and has developed a fully automatic irrigation system. it prevents waste and guarantees high yields

the sales cova. we are in a part of the orchard, a that for experimental reasons like we have interrogated at all is in get to alsco was occur, leaf wasn't, we observe is that the fruit here is not only on, it's not the best quality of quality ah preserved in terms of 1st choice that would cost the grow or tens of thousands of francs per hector in income. the mosque wits at that deal to over new polar, the product of the drought is noticeable between the trees. the dry summer has caused major problems with these trees have died if they hadn't been irrigated over by the columbia. the tell you how long a tree will survive without water. in fact, a tree has mechanisms that allow it to survive without water. he lebell made the seal of evil, so without water, they stop growing and can't thrive, quasi pris,

develope the growth of the shoots and the branches go will be completely starved, was as will the growth of the fruity culprit mope a requisite if we so it's the yields the quality of the production that is affected by the lack of water t a 50 by horrible magdalena assigned from sam probes. there is another way to measure and trees need for water. den durometer is a research project by monet's colleagues, measures the diameter of the tree trunk during the course of a day. the trunk expands or contracts. when the sun shines, the tree loses water and becomes thinner. when watered in the evening, it expands again over night. if a tree doesn't get enough water, it can't regenerate and experiences what's known as water stress that has a negative effect on yields. the researchers irrigation system is faster and more precise, and also more reliable than juvenile when the irrigation is well adjusted. it

ensures that human errors won't occur. e, it's often valves that people forget to close, that lead to waterways toward one of these are pasco, now li, as water becomes scarce, commodity around the world. water saving technologies like these are more vital than ever. mushrooms have been around for longer than humans. the oldest fossil fungi discovered by research is, is some 700 to 800000000 years old. mushrooms pop up everywhere and can do amazing things to their qualities or even of interest to undertake his mushroom. my sylium can be used to make things like bricks and houses that are really stable. and fun guy can decompose organic material, including complex life forms. a lab coat,

rubber gloves, safety glasses, some wood, shavings. and fungal, spose from the laboratory. mix them together, add water, and weight that so bob hendricks needs to do to grow a coffin, labeled both as a brother, david, edinburgh, and gratitude. burke would be fans of my mushroom. my celia coffin, the st. it's an invention for folks who think about the generations to come on now who after their death, want to be one with nature and had reached the soil as compost will not contaminated human combust. is that a disrespectful or brilliant idea? the young industrial designer invented his mushroom, my cellular coffin almost by accident. while studying architecture, he dealt with living building materials. since my salia can be used everywhere. the being at his level, it lay my sylium brings life back to the soil self that grows fast. it needs no

electricity, heat, nor light. in fact did even absorb c o 2, while it grows was all the more people who are buried this way, the better it is for the earth that's fundamentally different to our burial rituals today. put her to powder in just 7 days that my salem grows in a pre formed mode, forming a living coffin, whose surface feels like a velvet cushion. the coffin is then dried to stop the growth. the fun guy then lie dormant. the coffin looks like a styrofoam box and is just as light, but it's a completely natural product. that is the inter saunders of what special is the emotional perception when you touch it. so it feels good. hi, by it's warm, soft and light, but also very stable. yeah. so with the corpse inside can be almost to me to stall and way up to $200.00 kilos for the burial, it's placed on

a bed of fresh moss to speed up the decomposition process. the moist moss comes into contact with the dried myself, ian, bringing it back to life. more than 100 people have already been buried in my salem coffins in the netherlands. last year funeral director john von cast her up. so the 1st living coffin for an 82 year old woman, the myself and based versions cost $1500.00 euros cheaper than conventional coffins . ignoring me to not man, sir, i don't think people choose a my sylium coffin for financial reasons. my rather really want to send a signal to the rest of the world. we almost do our part and only leave a small carbon footprint behind on this planet and also blown it off to lad. because around the world,

some 160000 people die each day and they leave traces behind. not just in the hearts of their loved ones, but also is toxic substances. one of the most resource intensive burial methods is the classical christian ceremony with a wooden casket each year, thousands of tons of wood, steel, bronze, and copper are buried under ground. cremation isn't much better. in europe, around 70 percent of people now choose to be terminated. however, this produces harmful emissions and toxic ashes at the cemetery, it can take up to 10 years or more for a corpse to fully decompose in a traditional wooden casket. by contrast with the living coffin, it takes just 2 to 3 years. and at the same time, the myself released his nutrients into the soil for new plants. so word about this, dutch invention had spread quickly. more than $150.00 funeral homes took advantage

of the opportunity to learn about the idea of a ganeth burials from both. hendricks himself ah, he's certainly convinced funeral director york few vague from que live a status taught with burials, deaths and mourning blows and sustainability as a really big topic came out. it's also one that seen a huge boost in recent years when you can. i think it will become even more important toys because the people who will bury us, you and me, are the ones who are on the streets demonstrating with gretta every friday. but today it offers austin in product. i want to be an even if some people aren't yet ready for more sustainable burial culture, bob hendrickson, other few new directors expect that soon. many roaches living coffins as their way of giving something back to the earth.

that's also part of the circle of life. they help to spread plant seeds, they eat insects and keep their numbers attack some even st. quite nice thing. and they often do that from lofty heights. power lines are a popular place for flux of birds to land, which seems rather risky that prompted via ha, ha messiah to send us the question all the way from colombia. why aren't birds electrocuted by power lines? power lines offer birds are lofty landing spot. but they've chosen a high voltage look out more than 100000 volts flow through the cables. by comparison in europe, normal power sockets have just 230 volts. that means the voltage of their perch is

more than $400.00 times higher. and yet our feathered friends don't even notice nothing will happen as long as the bird touches only one cable. no electricity flows through the bird because 2 neighboring points on the cable carry very little voltage. birds can relax and enjoy the view banks to the principle of electric circuits. they function like this. let's use a single wire to connect a battery with a light bulb. nothing happens. electricity doesn't flow through the light both until we take a 2nd wire and complete the circuit causing it to glow. when a bird sits on a power line, it's like a light bulb with just one wire. nothing happens.

because power lines are like positive polls. electricity can only flow when they make a complete circuit together with the ground, a negative pole. that's the reason power lines rarely pose a danger to smaller birds. but power lines and transmission towers can be troublesome for larger birds, like eagles, storks, geese, and even crows room every year. thousands of birds die from electrocution in germany alone. that can happen when they touch 2 cables with their wings and create a short circuit or when they touch both tower and de cable lose. the circuit is then complete and high voltage electricity flows through their body. lulu this dazed duck appears to have been one of the lucky ones. it

hopefully just got a minor shock. if i let is read why i, if you have a science question, send it to us my video text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll give you a little surprise as a thank you. come on, just off. that's it for this edition of tomorrow. today, the d w sign show. it's nice that you could join us until next time. good bye. and remember to always stay cheeriest ah, ah, with

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