ah, ah ah, ah, me almost every way we look. nature is under trick from pollution, habitat law, over exploitation and climate change of mission efforts. there's many challenges and sometimes all we can do is adapt. but as the reports coming up short, it means to be creative. hello, welcome to eco india. i'm sorry that i hope around the world irrigation drought and sea level rise are increasing the solemnity of the soil and stunting crop productivity. one of india's was affected, states is punjab, known as the countries grande. there,

the problem is compounded by water login to help maintain farmers livelihoods. scientists are replacing wheat fields with bonds to form an animal. normally found hundreds of kilometers away in the sea. ah, do just a few kilometers from the india pakistan border lies the shadonna village, infant job. it is home to farmer, a gentleman the greatest threat he and many of the farmers here faith is the loss of their generations. old agricultural livelihoods, my dear, we cannot grow anything. here we have to purchase grains even for our own consumption. i have a debt of 4 to 5 like rupees. i couldn't repay the debt because farming was unproductive academy, had i what appears to be snore is in fact opin layer of salt,

that is becoming an increasingly common site in this one's for dial region. this accumulation affects oil quality and is hitting farmers, crops, hard color bar in colorado. the water is the line here. we saw the seeds and blood the fields, but the crops eventually died. yup. do not thought it might grow little and then he dies. got to meet the little bog, named in state of job gets its name from the 5, but ill reverse that law to explains. starting in the 1960 the green revolution transformed agriculture in punjab, hybrid seed, mechanized farming, pesticides and 49. this began to be used to maximize agricultural yield dr or b, 2 or 3 from the punjab agricultural universities as been john has become a victim of its own success. first engineered by the well known agriculture scientists, dr. dr. gulker, who usa,

we did regularly. he used the deal for the jail inmates to make small pagger though that mexican what i do, the rice and wheat and to distribute it to the farmers and throughout the state. and then once they're sniffed, let he have mommy returns out of healing that i can read with eighty's. and they started way more and more of these crops. and because of that, it looked all on this island live the source of the time. and the, the file guard depleted the ground water, guarded deleted. on the one hand, parts of the job, i think severe depletion of the underground. what did people having to rely on medication from long distance water sources? on the other hand, parts of and job are facing what logging where the water table is so high that it brings up underground salts and don't batten. once the water evaporates and some

media layer, mach 7, lot, and father got the water logging has started coming up. why? because you are not expecting any gun water. you're, you're using some of the water can weird through canals. diamond again and the other the you have now shifter from carter with the less water letting drop, $4.00 to $5.00 to get him to rise with more rob, like cutting rob, and needing it on 20 to 25. indications in a season. so you are all filling the already filled glass, so you're not right, right? you are the charging. that is the major the, the dr. deep thing has been working to help see farmers livelihoods for a decade now. he has been training local farmers to transition to stream farming. even the open job has 5 major diverse fish is not a major element of the punjabi died. and to line echo culture was unthinkable not

long ago. doctor things idea is to turn in, learn a line areas into aquaculture at barnes, so farmers can earn a living basically we are not adding anything. we are not putting any kind of stress on the land. it's, i want to learn, learn, and if you go down there, you will find where to file a food below you, how the water. so we are just the sometimes they are receiving or automatically. so we're not, we're not aggravating the problem of walking along and we're not doing any work. we're not doing any work or what we are doing in i already exist. been to line what are we getting organism far the lively heart heard of these farmers. the ship needed to start and aquaculture formed. our schools from india was still state. doctor thing says these seeds are released in double bonds under strict bias

security protocol. the trial for this project began in 2014 on one heck dead off satellite area. today. more than 100 farmers in this district alone are running aqua on $450.00 hectic. i don't want to look at that. we should declare to follow our bonds. but that is the need of the odd because to, to create katherine's around that phone, you can fill it, you know, go digger deep to make it on. and then week we never and we're good that we should add fall. it's not as amended. the only thing is if that is whole problem, i was logging paula calling to gather some ideas. then the only way forward is selling regular can. it is necessary to proceed carefully artificially turning agriculture land into salt water barns can have disastrous consequences from bio

diversity laws to contamination of water d. both farmers in coastal countries like bungler. the ation will not have been known to pump salt into body fields in order to begin farming stream. the good agriculture learn shall not be converted into sim farming because their dining areas can also become cell. and if it is getting in the middle, are good to learn something like by deliberately pumping the water and water from their deep. so only we have the water table is high and we have this, the title is already slide what is already made. let us do ship farm and demand for indian shames from china, and the u. s. has drawn the ship production here to 4000 tons. buddy. farmers corporation with scientists, is once again helping them adjust to the new circumstances without worsening the logical balance. well, with agriculture, the land under threat from climate change and more and more people on the planet to

feed the soldiers on for new food crops that can withstand changing conditions and increase. he's signed to son, divisor, m all super crook through gene editing but should be really be fiddling with our food. we started improving plants by cross breeding. the best variety is the 1st records of humans, selecting ancient grass and wheat date back 10000 years. since then, we've multiplied corn, wheat rice and saw yield by several times and read them to something which would probably be hard to identify for one of the early settlers back then. for example, do you know what this is? today? it looks like this doesn't seem like a close relative does it. in the past, decades yields have skyrocketed to feed an ever increasing population. we did not stop at just multiplying yields. our excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides,

and the ongoing conversion of sense of ecosystems to crop land have degraded 40 percent of fertile soils globally. what's more, the climate crisis is forecast to reduce harvests. the problem is we actually need to produce more, but without using moreland and more resources is a 50 percent gap between the food produce to day and what we need in 2050 just, just to feed people adequately. if everyone became a vegetarian, we could produce enough sustainably, but that doesn't look like it'll happen any time soon. if we just stick at the current yield rate 0 as great as can power sample on the back and move on. and then the only way that we would meet those needs is to expand the agriculture frontier even further. which means sort of good bye to the remaining natural ecosystems. scientists are designing brazilian super crops that might produce higher yields and

need fewer resources to grow. they want to speed up the process by changing the plants. genetic code with genome editing, such as with rice, drowned was major news. the summer of 2022. it is brutal down there, drought emergency unprecedented droughts and hate waves have put, bought a scarcity into sharp focus. that's a problem for rise of thirsty crop used to be soaked. a new breed might help in the future. this variety, i are 64, is mostly grown in the global south, but it's eaten worldwide. scientists tweaked it's genes to make it more drought resistant. the new rice uses up to 40 percent less water in some weeks. while the conventional varieties did not survive a week without water in 40 degree, he'd half of the gene edited plants did. scientists did this by instructing a naturally occurring gene in the plan to be more powerful. this gene helps reduce the number and size of the plans pores which are responsible for gas and water

exchange. fewer and smaller pores meant the plant saved water yields increased or remain the same. the method they used here is called crisper cas 9, also known as genetic scissors or genome editing. it is fundamentally different to traditional genetic modifications or g m technologies. it relies actually on natural processes, but it makes the mutation process much lesser and most gm products contain the synthetic gene or it gene from another organism inserted into the plant or animal of interest insect resistant cotton and means for example, grown widely around the world contain a gene originally found in bacteria, instead of using foreign dna, gene editing makes changes in the characteristics of any organism using the information present in its own genetic code using special enzymes, working like scissors, we can delete swap or repeat genes present in the plants dna. it will take many

dozens of generation until you have only this one gene transferred by crossing and then often will not be very viable. the crystal would just take too long. so the it genome editing is really super powerful because you can go and the single gene change it and bullock. it takes 7 to 15 years to get a crossbred plant with the desired trait with gene editing just a couple of months, plus a few years of testing. globally, gene editing research is speeding up from only a couple of patterns filed in 2011 to about 2000 patents in 2019 by private companies and public researchers. the us, china, and multi nationals are investing heavily in the technology which is expected to develop into a multi $1000000000.00 market by the end of the decade. it's risky, especially as many new crop varieties are still in the research phase. and little

data and few risk assessments exist weekend have been have to see what happens in nature. it's all uncertain, and it will be really experimentation. it's, ah, we're, we'll be far ahead of the science assigns. we'll have to catch up some experts point to cases of off target genetic changes or cases of deleting much more genetic information than intended. additionally, genes involved in increasing yields, in some type of drought, could crease yields in wet years. and as there is a large number of genes involved, turning one or 2 genes on or off is mostly not enough here. the less optimized the crop, the easier it is to improve. that's why experts he most potential in quickly developing old varieties that haven't been part of industrial production so far, such as millet and corn, wheat, or magnet, which already have stronger defenses against climate related challenges. but where

breeding is still in its infancy. so i don't want to take anything with the tape. the challenge is so significant. i don't wanna take chris for technology don't. i don't wanna take shift and diet. i don't want to take restoration or additional. it's all of these things. the, you genetically edited crops are labeled g m and therefore heavily regulated. but there's increasing discussion about whether the g m label is still appropriate. or if genome editing should be considered a new breeding method, instead of classic genetic manipulation in the us, china and many latin american countries. genome edited crops don't need to be labeled or controlled as g m. and the sector plans to bring several crops to the fields in the coming years. india also decided to ease its regulations in 2022. as highly advanced as gina editing methods may be conventional breeding will remain as important. neither will be able to make up for the huge burden we currently put on

our ecosystems. but they'll probably fill the food gap in the future. to europe now, and a grassroots movement fighting the rampant problem of illegal garbage dumping in bosnia and herzegovina. some 3 decades after the internet tonic war in the former yugoslav republic, the country remains deeply divided, but people are coming together to restore the natural beauty of this shed whom heaven. when suffered cuba calls the activists answer over 30, this time aged 7 to 77. he's often surprised at the success of his initiatives while yes, your order was opera was not for the most part, the people have organized themselves for 1st don't go pick it up. no institutions or citizens, action groups or companies are involved here yet. okay. only citizens of every age and that in a city. i thought if serbs croats pontiacs and others,

you said by for ortho bush, naca, your sally, this time they're working on the banks of the bars. know the river that gave this country it's name. it's an idyllic slice of natural paradise, at least at 1st glance. but a closer look reveals old tires in the water on the bank. opposite. nature swiftly covers over almost everything, but underneath the trash remains for a very long time. the longer it remains, the harder it is to clean up later. countrysides littered with waste are a huge problem in bosnia and people here are fed up las vegas as i stop by. but yeah, now that is a really dirty, lumpy, comma, polluted by factories that dump everything imaginable in to them. yeah, i used to talk boy, people to like, they just tossed their trash straight into the, with his daddy guy. louder all nationalities here from every country you,

the people are waking up to this hullabaloo for years. soft. cuba has been battling the garbage and it's everywhere. he says, authorities aren't taking enough action yet. i don't i that she probably marbles. one reason we have so much trash and bosnian hits a go vina is that we don't have waste disposal services everywhere. neil, especially not in the countryside. father. my father was another reason is that the authorities don't penalize illegal numbers at the school. the other lack the means or the necessary information is alma ilene emory, though it does not the what are the fact that i just thought and so soft? cuba has been setting up hidden cameras. they record the offenders and deliver crucial evidence to the authorities. postal palmer poll, 3 of them, a garage on a postal pump. we take action when citizens inform us that good morning will. oh and whenever we catch someone who has dumped garbage, illegally, hill, we try to penalize them to the maximum extent possible. nor does,

wouldn't nestle me, god, nashville was told that he wasn't. that's not always the case according to suffolk, who, but his principal means of raising awareness is the internet's in 2020. he started the facebook group, be the change. the list of accomplishments is already impressive. so far, there have been more than 3500 clean up initiatives throughout the country involving over 20000 participants. and what's new for bosnia is the reach across borders and ethnic groups. people everywhere organizing themselves because they believe the state has dropped the ball. but they have to fema, what do you, what is nature and the environment are beautiful again, what people can come here for a rest. if western europe can achieve that, why shouldn't it be possible in bosnia hubert? now others are beginning to join in local waste disposal services. for instance, many here have been struggling with insufficient funding and outdated equipment,

with some help from suffolk who but the service here got hold of a trash compactor. the next step is separating the trench did a little dog. so dog, one result of our cooperation with the facebook group is that we've introduced 2 different bins for trash can be separated right now, but it's a start. i suppose you have to remember now. so there's just too little environmental awareness among the citizens and across the country. in general, you see grudgingly ah, yes, i got the same deal, michel, darrel and he doesn't have to look far for an example. a parking lot close by is littered with trash left behind by a flea market held there. they come to clean it up every week, but soon after it looks just the same book, walk, beaten. i was, i, yes, that we have to put more work into raising environmental awareness. so the population will understand ecology on these that the, and the humans i have this problem better. and especially what it means to care for the environmental problem. he starts does not, she does not eat this,

they got to go further along the bosner. they've been making good progress. young people are putting lots of energy into it. every piece of trash is another small victory. it doesn't take long for them to pile up quite a mountain of the authorities then do their part and have it picked up. um, well here's the product of just a few meters of riverbank that man that man, i'm george in this because i want need her to be clean with no lesser. that's when i leave the house. i want it to be beautiful. all around green and no trash. i miss me. check. ha nissan. what's you? she's much nicer with. everything clean and green instead of full of trash shady zellow mister smith. i'm glad we were able to clean up at least a little to day fortunately. mm hm. maybe half of what scattered around here. oh and with that, a new environmental awareness is growing along the banks of the barza. cleaning up

the natural environment. does more than just remove the ice sort of garbage. it boosts biodiversity and livelihoods. a former software engineer and coming nod has found rewarding work in the restoration of leaks. tanks and rivers. it's helped more than a 1000 families returned to farming lands they had given up as lost. ah ah, agriculture has changed a lot into 10 java district of diamond lydel. many farmers have given up going rise and coconuts and fish to legumes like peanuts, which are robust and neat less water because dropped is a chronic problem and his teeth compounded by extreme feather events like psych loan gotcha. in 2018. the youth disputed in see nasa captured images of the powerful stone that destroyed fees and wiped out around 80 percent of the agents.

coconut trees, a disaster for the past regent that seemed less and less trained on linden the lows, and there was no water even in the boar. well, so many farmers had to leave the they had to find work as daily wage laborers and young people started working inconvenience to the farmers who have large areas of land can't just leave. they're still farming, but it's hard for them. i'm not going to ben if you don't get a software engineer nimble one was on a visit home from his job and away from the site on track. he saw 1st hand how people struggled to find water, indoctrinated and looking around. he could see by local water bodies were dried up from the cutting crowds littered with garbage and eroded by illegal send mining. they were unable to absorb the inundation of water and as toward it for future dry seasons. newman want to work for a change,

and so he stayed. he had a good meal and said he left the water resources here were not in good condition. the underground water levels became very low and there were no connections between the different legs. and because the water channels were in such bad shape, when all the rainwater went into the sea, i wanted to do something on them. we 1st tackled a 500 acre lake in paris, ronnie village. i looked on his project grease, 20000 rupees, and donations. the cube lent off about 220 years with this initial funding. and the help of numerous volunteers never began to dig out the dry of lake to make it deeper. to take up up to was used to create a small island for buzz and fried, forced the banks of the canards leading to the lake and me and then the 89. and if we restore the lakes groundwater, supplies get replenished with in some places water has flowed back into bore wells

to it. if the lakes are in good condition watermark reached the villages during the rainy season, it goes into the lake. when i go in summer, they become a water source word office work is spread quickly across the country. closer to home, farmers said to patty, approached nimble him to ask him for help in his own community. the village had lost its leak. a precious source of water after prolong drought medium and i would as then i will any one of them. 2 days later he got to work on a lot of. he cleared the water channels to the lake. yet we didn't do anything. he did it all holiday when he cleared the water channels and the lake area to have been the one of the, as a result for in the ground water levels have increased by about 50 meters going up . well, i mean, it's been a big success modem of video of them a few years ago, newman. hi, gwen, good. hardly had grieved it. but he and his supporters hep already divide more than

100 lakes in india. and he has plans to take his book to not in sri lanka as well. no one has created valuable water as it was for the future. and plans to revive many more in the us to come well, as we saw to be a little bit of creativity can take us far. and this matters when it comes to solving some of the biggest challenges a generation faces. if you have creatively solve the problem to make your neighborhood cleaner and greener, tell us about it as equal india a d w dot com until next week, goodbye and thanks for watching. ah, [000:00:00;00]

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