fully lead the country to independence. oh, of ideals. what is remained of his vision? what is the status of human rights and social justice in what's called the world's largest democracy? willie cynthia headed. this is the moment to unleash a nonviolent pass and re imagined nanny's teachings of elements to gandhi's legacy starts january 20th on d. w. germany produces the leopard to battle. take now it has hold hundreds, thousands to countries around the world. most of them here in western europe, and now those countries want to send their tanks to ukraine as the country enters a 2nd year of the russian invasion, or any transfer of tanks requires germany's approval 1st. well to night,

the german chancellor remains silent, but his government, if sending a signal berlin may not give the go ahead to send those tanks. but it might not stand in the way either. i'm brit gulf in berlin. this is the day so it's us not. we are constantly pressing the government and berlin to make them share their leopards low party. bringing at tanks, fighting tanks, offensive tanks. that is a very difficult decision on my own planet. they have over 350 active leopards. and about 200 in storage, my cars enough that it has to be thought amongst carefully, that i'm all good arguments saying why battle tanks right at defense systems kind of before i did a germany will send the tanks. unfortunately, we as those who are waiting for them to be say, to be sent, have to wait one more day. also coming up,

the european union slaps more sanctions on iran for a brutal crack down on protests protested to ron blames on washington dosma. why did the enemies, why did america and the zionist regime, conspire against our nation, our country, and our revolution, and create these riots? ah, well to our viewers watching on p b. s in the united states into all of you around the world. welcome that we begin the day with german battle tanks built for war, but perhaps not the one you crate. russia launched, it's you invasion of ukraine 11 months ago using soviet era tanks, the same tanks that ukraine is used to defend itself. but with a war about to enter its 2nd year with a russian offensive expected in early spring, ukraine says that it needs modern tanks soon in order to push the invaders back. he has requested abram tanks made in the united states and leopard to taints,

made here in germany. so far, you as president biden has not committed to sending tanks. german, chancellor schultz, making it clear if washington wades. so will berlin? well, last week, ukraine's allies meeting here in germany agreed to begin sending some of their leopard at 2 tanks to ukraine. but the tanks, manufacturer, germany must 1st grant can set, oh, bad has not happened. we have worked tonight in this report. ukraine might be one step closer to finally getting the modern and german made battle tanks. it says it urgently needs. poland. prime minister, mateusz more of ascii, said his country will apply for permission from berlin to supply its lepper tanks to ukraine. but he added that poland could also export the tanks without a green light from germany. as part of a coalition of countries supporting key of his go do a stop issue before even if ultimately who were not given the approval,

but within the framework of a small coalition. if the germans were not present in his coalition, we would still send out the tanks together with others to ukraine of them. moments rich 9. we look on, won't god, it's here. although germany has provided substantial support to key if it's been criticized for hesitating when it comes to sending battle tanks or allowing others to do so. but there appears to be a shift in berlin's position. speaking to french television on sunday, german foreign minister on a lena bear box, and berlin would not stand in the way if poland decided to send its leopard tanks to key if and at an e. u. foreign minister meeting a day later, she reiterated the importance of full fledge support for ukraine. mixed up giving is when testing is the soviet dish does. it's important that we as an international community, do everything we can to defend ukraine, so that it wins and wins the right to live in peace and freedom again. i hate to

leave him. he has been asking western allies to supply them with modern tanks for months. officials say the military vehicles, especially the leper tanks, are vital for fighting off an anticipated new kremlin offensive in the spring and for retaking territory. so what is the poland does go ahead and deliver its german, made leopards without waiting any longer for berlin to say yes. ralph stegner is a member of the german parliament for chancellor soldiers, s p. d parties. he spoke with us earlier about whether it's a good move to say we deliver the tanks no matter what the german decision is. i don't think that that's a good thing to respect treaties and legal parisian, but that's again. mm hm. and has to say what they want to do other than it's discussed in the public. it's not germany on the brakes, but it's different countries with different opinions. she'll compare the government

of cohen, for instance, on what the governor friend says they're different sides to that. so and bringing tanks, fighting tanks, offensive tanks. it is a very difficult decision that has to be thought about as carefully. indeed that was ralph, stayed there, a member of the german parliament talking about politics and war. my next guest tonight is a u. s. military man through and through mark montgomery search for the 3 decades focused on surface warfare for the u. s. navy, he is now a senior fellow at the foundation for defense of democracies in washington, d. c. it is good to have you with us on the program tonight. mr. montgomery, we are trying to get clarity on this side of the atlantic about what the germans are planning to do with their leopard to change. what's it look like from your side of the atlanta? well, 1st thank you for having me and i think you're right there. we need clarity. i

think the germans are slowly getting to the position where they are going to allow for 3rd parties to transfer their leverage has as yet your previous report mentioned that 12 different countries have leverage. i think there are about 2000 them in the western european military. so there's a group of countries that could be a coalition of the willing to transfer them. i think it's best that they transferred with german permission. eventually the polls made it clear they do it without, but you begin to get into logistic challenges right away. if you start to do that without permissions and clearly there's confusion in berlin between the foreign minister, defense ministers positions over the last 48 hours. and there is silence coming from the chancellor, olaf, schultz. if you could put yourself in his position to me, can you see any reason for this hesitancy or for this lack of communication? what i think at this point where we have to recognize germany,

actually is one of the, the largest 3 contributors to the military mission, ukraine. you know, after the united states and united kingdom, they're very big player. and so they've done, they've done a lot. and i don't want to be critical of them. we're at this point now where these are, these are needed battlefield systems. and we really need to have one type of tag, the worst thing i think we can do the gradient is give them challenges from the u. k. abrams from the united states and then leopards from everybody else. we really need to get a consolidated group of leopards from germany, plus the 11 or the countries that are purchased them and push those leverage. and they have a good, single supply chain logistics chain to work off of we wouldn't solve this, this, this perceived impasse if the americans were to say, ok, we're going to send some abrams over to ukraine. that will give german chancellor sholtes cover because he have said he doesn't want to make this decision without

the americans being on board. i mean, would that solve this if we just got a yes from washington? i think what that would provide is political cover, as you mention if, if you do that, then the chancellor has the cover of i'm, i'm falling in the footsteps of the united states. as i mentioned earlier though that introduces a significant, legit, logistical issue. i'll just give you 11 quick differential the, the german tanks are diesel engines, very consistent with the russian and former soviet tanks. the engines that you credit are used to working on the n, when a was abrams are using basically a jet engine tank. a jet engine drive and it's a completely different maintenance problem. completely different type of fuel. it's really a logistics nightmare so. well that might be a good political solution. it's a, it's a horrific military. i've been noticing the way some commentators are,

have been trying to explain what, what's going on is particularly with the chancellor's silence. and some have said that perhaps inside the chance to read there is concern that if germany gives the green light for these tanks to be sent to ukraine, that, that will require all of these countries here in europe. they have to replenish their supplies of, of tanks and that would be an opportunity for the united states then to move in and maybe say we can provide an answer to this, this sudden lack of leopard two's. i mean is that a legitimate concern? and i ask you that because i know a report that come, it came from your foundation this week says that i'm replacing military equipment transferred to ukraine by the united states. nato allies could lead to about $21000000000.00 in foreign military sales for american industry. so are the germans, perhaps worried that the americans are going to take advantage of a, of

a situation that people don't want to talk about? that's a great question. and if they are worried they shouldn't be. and here's why. the principal that article was about con countries that delivered former soviet equipment to the ukrainians early in the, in the 1st 69 months at this conflict that allowed the ukrainians to fight over the summer in the fall. that is going to be replaced by western equipment and u. s. companies will compete for that and probably when a lot of it but these lepper tanks, if you're, if you're the swiss, excuse me, the swedish, or the fins. and you transfer a company 12 tanks to ukraine and you have 36 other leopard tanks. you're going to buy leopards is the relief release of the replacements. the last thing you want to do is go by 12 and one a ones. and now have a mixed fleet of am on a one, abrams and leopards. it will be impossible to maintain montgomery joining us tonight with the foundation for defense of democracies. miss montgomery is good to

have you on the program, valuable insights tonight. thank you. thank you. oh, hundreds of thousands of russians are thought to have left their homeland since september. that was when russian president vladimir putin announced a draft of young men to fight in ukraine. now these men, these people, they've gone to destinations around the world, including one place that's likely, phil's familiar. i'm talking about serbia. the eastern european country has wong had close ties with russia, ties that have only gotten stronger since the war broke out. our correspondent funny char met one man who was able to escape putins draft, but not pollutants prop. again. the owner didn't feel they had to change the name or the requirement to wash invaded ukraine. customer swear, not put off. they admire the russian leader. both didn't is the routine is the only

real leader in the world, political, all the others are just politicians progress, but he looks after his country and these people will not order for many here is that an yanine near bol. great. feel that the west cause the ukraine war and yet it's, we're on j. a rush young journalist, flat to last september, before the war. he had reported on corruption arrest the pursuit, which became too dangerous when men started being drafted into the army. i left the because of mobilization because of the re laurice go for to go to jail or a gold true war. well, i would not go to war anyway, so when i could face a jail or torture or anything else you can bigger than i decided to leave. right

now he decided to come to serbia because he had some friends here be he has cape the putin regime. right. but not his propaganda. now, they have problems with information about war. ah, i'm not in the position to tail soviet people want, they should think. and holiday sheet to transform the media. oh, good people, angie sas, you feel safe here, but he plans to leave and he's more open when talking in private than when the camera is rolling. by great city center shows how close links between the countries have helped spread the russia narrative on serbian media rushes propaganda mouthpiece recently launched. a local online service survey has not the most obvious place or for a few. it should a 1000 fleeing russia many serve. see a support the russian regime?

glory to russia is painted just outside serbia's presidential office. paul say more than half of the serbian population cease putin as serbia's closest foreign ally. roman elizabeth. he's a good leader early because he's challenging the leech tomorrow because he shaking up the weld alder. sometimes people in serbia try to break through rushes propaganda. these protest doors are showing the names of bombed ukrainian towns in front of a christmas tree. donated by russia, their attempt to create awareness is quickly cut short though russians are welcome in serbia, but criticism against russia lesson that was dw funny to char reporting there earlier when he told me why survey is such a major destination for russians living in exile. nearly 1000000

people left russia brand since that war began nearly a year ago in ukraine. but yes, a significant number, an estimated 102300000 people actually left for serbia. and you really wonder why? because especially the wants to flat, for political reasons being embraced as we have seen, that report by that russian propaganda have a very awkward experience in this country. because they left for the very reason off of despising putin why the people they are or a great majority of serbians really admire this man. now, a few reasons you have already seen in the report, which is i, it's, it's, it's, it's very as close to a rush against due to direct flights. but also it's, the country itself is very close to the european union. and that makes it quite attractive for russians who flat for economic reasons rather than political to set up a business. and to basically get started, get started with a new life because nobody knows how long this war is going to continue. what i

found quite strange though, really if you look at this journalist, for example, even he himself 1st had difficulties to even say yes or interview requests. because of course, many people have flat, have relatives in russia. and they are just concerned about the possibility that an interview and then even speaking up against flooding their pooty and in serbia may in some way endanger to relatives or their contacts. so this is something like as a take away to say, so for me from this reporting that even though a lot of people so safer in serbia, lot of russians did definitely do not safe enough. many of them to speak up against that regime that they've criticized in russia and fled as a result in that also. but it speaks to the perception of just the vast and powerful reach that vladimir putin. i'm hair, it's beyond russia. and in that also plays in to these close ties between serbia and russia doesn't exactly and debt that reaches due to economic

interests, of course, because so via the serbian government president footage wants to make sure that the population has access to cheap gas. so just a few months after the war began, he signed that contract extended basically the tenure gas pro contract with russia even though officially also said that the countries looking for alternative energy supplies. but he signed a contract and didn't sign whatsoever. any sanctions to be imposed on russia, something however, that the european union really expects from serbia to do because after all, let's not forget, serbia is an e u. membership candidate has been full about 10 years now. and this is exactly here with the frustration and anger, a place in and sets in many suby. ants won't vent their frustration over the fact that they can adjoin fast enough. the european union say many ways. as a result, they turn to russia and they turn the sympathies towards the east and not the west, and it has the,

the invasion of ukraine has its influence. changed. stormy is relationship with russia, not really. in fact, this is the, the main reason for criticism from the european union that they are requesting a suby out to really allies foreign policy according to european union that it wants to join. also, let's not forget that the biggest trade partner, despite or economic interest between russia and zuba, the biggest trade partner still the european union for serbia. however, very officially, the serbia president maintains a very neutral tone, he says, and a neutral stance towards a russia. but if you ask me personally, i really think that he sending a little mixed messages because for one serbia backed as back to few you and resolutions condemning the aggression against ukraine condemning the war. but on the other hand, as i just pointed out, they are serbia until today didn't signed anything that's related to imposing

sanctions towards russia. so we are seeing a country really in between a 2 chairs to say so that couldn't be farther from each other, between european union and russia. and you really wonder just how risk it is. 14 is of serbia with russia. yes or be a country in conflict? did abuse funny for char as always, money. thank ah. foreign ministers of the european union have agreed to impose a new set of sanctions against iran over its brutal repression of anti government protestors. the ministers are meeting in brussels to discuss a range of issues including punitive measures against iran. there has been no mention of iran revolutionary guards, which some member states you in your say should be listed as a terrorist group. now to ron is taft, the guards with stamping out anti government protests that had gripped the country since september. here's a closer look at the revolutionary guard,

a branch of the iranian armed forces, the home of the founder of modern day iran, and it's a religious government in flames. youth versus old age, and the people versus the state. i mean, that state is made up of the elite revolutionary guards who control most of the economy and security, and the clarence lead by supreme leader, ayatollah hammond nay, who make the rules. the regime has long blamed the west for its troubles, including the latest round of protests should oh, the smell. why did the enemies, why did america and the zionist regime, conspire against our nation, our country, and our revolution, and create these riots. as the supreme leader said, our country is advancing and the enemies don't want our country to make progress. oh,

the protesters don't seem to be buying it. the brutality of the security services, the corruption of the revolutionary guards, the decline in living standards as the country strains under sanctions. all feed into a rejection of the ruling classes. and the authorities seem split on what to do about it. there were announcements that the dreaded morality police would be shut down. and the law requiring women to wear had job be relaxed. but it's unclear if either has happened. meanwhile, the executions of protesters have spurred fresh outrage. death to the dictator, the crowd shouts, not death to america as the regime would prefer. and it's not just young women and students getting involved. these auto workers walked off the job to support the demonstrations. no one knows if or when

a reckoning is coming for the guards and the clerics. but the states brutality has guaranteed that the divisions will not go away anytime soon. ice age paintings in caves, across southern europe, they've long fascinated intrigue. but the meaning of the symbols drawn by those hunter gatherers will. they remained a mystery until now. perhaps, an amateur archaeologist in britain says that he has cracked the code and that he's now able to decipher the messages. those early europeans left on the wall shall be case in the south of france was famous for a reason. it contains hundreds of animal paintings drawn by a hunter, gatherers, tens of thousands of years ago. like in numerous other european caves. many of the paintings are accompanied by mysterious markings like these dots. for a long time,

no one knew what to make of them until ben bacon an independent researcher noticed a pattern. each animal has a dominant number. and these numbers, a sense, of course, is a 3, bison, and rocks are 4. red d roars, 7 ibex or 7. fisher 3, we did, we had decided, probably had to be a time to store some description. because not everyone's gonna have walks, not everyone's killed 4 ox units that had to be had to be time. after evaluating hundreds of drawings, bacon and other researchers concluded that this must have been an ancient calendar . according to the research, as it was used to record sophisticated information about the animal's horse with 3 dots, for example, would mean these animals made 3 lunar faces after the beginning of spring.

and remember, they will have records of effectively all the animals in the area are all the major . so they have a fairly good idea. what animals are at their caves when they're, they're what they're doing. generally the week when they come. and generally, when they need those quite precise, so they contract maybe 10 or 12 different prey species in the area very, very accurately. in the hostile environment where people migrated with the animals, this information could make a difference between surviving and dying. bacon says that the calendar has been used for at least 10000 years until the end of the last ice age. it has been found and caves all over europe, from portugal to ukraine. it shows that hunter gatherers were by no means primitive, but rather clever people who use this form of writing to store vital information.

and they did, it was out and i saw the days almost on the conversation continues online. you'll find us on twitter either w news you follow me on twitter at brit. gov tv. and remember whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day. we'll see that ah ah, with

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ah ah ah ah, this is the w news live from berlin tonight, could the german made change soon to be on their way to you? great. owen says that it is prepared to send the leopard to change to the front lines with or without german permission. germany is hinting that it would not stand in the way also can make up tonight, prosecutors in germany.