documentary series founders valley africa to meet the founders in pony there, continent through digital innovation, a transformer. working that health and living conditions in their country. and inspiring the world with their ideas. deli africa, started february 13 on the w. d. ah, ah, with almost every way we look, nature is under threat from pollution, habitat laws over exploitation and climate change. conservation efforts faced many

challenges and sometimes all we can do is adapt. but as the reports coming up short, it pays to be creative. hello, welcome to eco india. i'm sorry that i course. around the world irrigation drought and sea level rise are increasing the solemnity of the soil and stunting crop productivity. one of india's was affected, states is punjab, known as the countries granary. there. the problem is compounded by water login to help maintain farmers livelihoods. scientists are replacing wheat fields with bonds to form an animal. normally found hundreds of kilometers away in the seat. ah, do just a few kilometers from the india pakistan border lies shadonna, village, infant job. it is home to farmer, a deco mar in the greatest tread he and many of the farmers here faith is the loss

of their generations, all agricultural livelihood. when we cannot grow anything here, we have to purchase credence, even for alone consumption. i have a deck of 4 to 5 leg, rubies. i couldn't repeat the dates because the bombing was unproductive. me what appears to be, nor is in fact, a pin layer of thought that is becoming an increasingly common site in this one for dial region. this accumulation affects oil quality and is hitting farmers, crops hard color bonding caught the water line here we saw the theda and the feed, but the crop even to die. yup. do not thought it might grow a little and then it dies. got to me via a little bug named in state of job gets its name from the 5. but in the reverse that lot who explains,

starting in the 1960 the green revolution transformed agriculture in punjab. hybrid seed, very mechanized farming pesticides and 49. this began to be used to maximize agricultural yield dr. or be 2 or 3 from the punjab agricultural universities has been job has become a victim of its own success. first, engineered by the well known agriculture scientists. dr. dr. call could who use that we did, he use the, the deal for the jail inmates to make small packer to throw that mexican what i do, the rice and read and distribute it to the farmers and throughout the state. and then once they're sniffed, letty have mommy returns out of healing that i can read what it is. and they started way more and more of these crops. and because of that, it looked all on this island like the source of the time. and the, the file guard depleted the ground water garden deleted on the one

hand part. so fin job, i think severe depletion of the underground. what did the bill having to rely on education from long distance water sources? on the other hand, parts of the job are facing water logging, where the water table is so high that it brings up underground salts. and don't batten. once the waters evaporate, and some maybe as late, mach 7 will lot, and father got the water logging has started coming up. why? because you are not this expecting any gun water. you're, you're using solver louder, can weird through going out. diamond again and the other. you have now shifter from cotton, with the less water avoiding drop for the 5, if you didn't do it right with more, like getting up and needing it on 20 to 25 indications in a season. so you're filling the already filled glass. so you're not right, right?

you are the charging and that is the major the, the dr. deep thing has been working to help save farmers livelihoods for a decade now. he has been training local farmers to transition to shame farming. even though punjab has 5 major rivers, fish is not a major element of the punjabi died and to line echo culture was unthinkable not long ago. doctor things idea is to turn in line for line areas into aquaculture. barnes, so farmers can earn a living basically we are not adding anything. we end up putting any kind of stress on the land. it's i want to learn and if you go down there you will find where to file like 10 feet below you. how the water. so we are just the sometimes they walk . seeping are automatically so we're not, we're not aggravating the problem of walking along and we entered adding any vote.

we entered, adding any work or what we are doing in i already existing line. what are we getting organism for the lively heart? hold up these farmers. the ship needed to start and aquaculture warned our force from india or some states. dr. thing says these feet are released in dugout born under strict bias security protocols. the trial for this project began in 2014 on one heck dead off the line area. today more than 100 farmers in this district alone . i was running aquaculture on $450.00 hectic i don't want to look at that. we should agree to follow our bonds. but that is the need of the odd because due to create cat demands around that font, you can fill it, you know, go bigger deep to make a pond. and then week we'd never and we're good that we should add fall.

it's not a command it the only thing is if there is whole problem, i was a lot of logging follow putting together than some ideas. then the only way forward is sometimes it is necessary to proceed carefully artificially turning agricultural land into salt water. barns can have disastrous consequences from bio diversity loss to contamination of water debo farmers in coastal countries like bungler. the ation will not have been known to pump salt into the field in order to begin farming stream. the good agricultural land shall not be converted into shim farming because they are joining 80 eyes can also become cell a nice if it is got aid in the middle, are good to good. learn something like by deliberately pumping the water line, water from the deep. so only where the water table is high and where this the tile

is already slide, what is already my letters? lucian farming demand for indian shame from china and the u. s. has grown the ship production here to 4000 tons. buddy, farmers corporation with scientists is once again helping them adjust to the new circumstances without was the name the logical balance. well, with agriculture, the land under threat from climate change and more and more people on the planet to feed the soldiers on for new food crops that can withstand changing conditions and increase. he's signed to son, divisor, m all super crook through gene editing but should be really be fiddling with our food. we started improving plants by cross breeding. the best variety is the 1st records of humans, selecting ancient grass and wheat date back 10000 years. since then, we've multiplied corn, wheat rice and saw yield by several times and read them to something which would

probably be hard to identify for one of the early settlers back then. for example, do you know what this is? today? it looks like this doesn't seem like a close relative does it. in the past, decades yields have skyrocketed to feed an ever increasing population. we did not stop at just multiplying yields. our excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and the ongoing conversion of sense of ecosystems to crop land have degraded 40 percent of fertile soils globally. what's more, the climate crisis is forecast to reduce harvests. the problem is we actually need to produce more, but without using moorland and more resources is a 50 percent gap between the food produce to day and what we need in 2050 just just to feed people adequately. if everyone became a vegetarian, we could produce enough sustainably, but that doesn't look like it'll happen any time soon. if we just stick at the

current yield rate 0 as great as can could power sample on the back and move on. and then the only way that we would meet those needs is to expand the agricultural frontier even further. which means sort of good bye to the remaining natural ecosystems. scientists are designing brazilian super crops that might produce higher yields and need fewer resources to grow. they want to speed up the process by changing the plants. genetic code with genome editing, such as with rice, drowned was major news. the summer of 2022. it is brutal down there, drought emergency unprecedented droughts and hate waves have put, bought a scarcity into sharp focus. that's a problem for rice of thirsty crop used to be soaked. a new breed might help in the future. this variety, i are 64, is mostly grown in the global south, but it's eaten worldwide. scientists tweaked it's genes to make it more drought

resistant. the new rice uses up to 40 percent less water in some weeks. while the conventional varieties did not survive a week without water in 40 degree, he'd half of the gene edited plants did. scientists did this by instructing a naturally occurring gene in the plant to be more powerful. this gene helps reduce the number and size of the plans pores which are responsible for gas and water exchange. fewer and smaller pores meant the plant saved water yields increased or remain the same. the method they used here is called crisper cash 9, also known as genetic scissors or genome editing. it is fundamentally different to traditional genetic modifications or g m technologies. it relies actually on natural processes, but it makes the mutation process much lesser and most gm products contain a synthetic gene or

a gene from another organism inserted into the plant or animal of interest insect resistant cotton and means for example, grown widely around the world contain a gene originally found in bacteria, instead of using foreign dna gene editing, mixed changes in the characteristics of any organism using the information present in its own genetic code using special enzymes, working like scissors, we can delete swap or repeat genes present in the plants dna. it will take many dozens of generation until you have only this one gene transferred by crossing and then often will not be very viable. the crystal would just take too long. so the gene i'm editing is really super powerful because it can go and the single gene change it and boil up. it takes 7 to 15 years to get a crossbred plant with the desired trait with gene editing just a couple of months, plus a few years of testing. globally, gene editing research is speeding up from only

a couple of patterns filed in 2011 to about 2000 patents in 2019 by private companies and public researchers. the us, china, and multi nationals are investing heavily in the technology which is expected to develop into a multi $1000000000.00 market by the end of the decade. it's risky, especially as many new crop varieties are still in the research phase and little data and few risk assessments exist. we can have been have to see what happens in nature. it's all uncertain, and it will be really experimentation fact, and we're will be far ahead of assign, assigned to will have to catch up some experts point to cases of off target genetic changes or cases of deleting much more genetic information than intended. additionally, genes involved in increasing yields and some type of drought could crease yields in wet years. and as there is a large number of genes involved,

turning one or 2 genes on or off is mostly not enough here. the less optimized the crop, the easier it is to improve. that's why experts see most potential in quickly developing old varieties that haven't been part of industrial production so far, such as millet and corn, wheat, or magnet, which already have stronger defenses against climate related challenges. but where breeding is still in its infancy. so i don't want to take anything with the table. the challenge is so significant. i don't wanna take crisper technology don't. i don't wanna take shift and diets. i don't want to take restoration or with dish, or it's all of these things. the, you genetically edited crops are labeled g m and therefore heavily regulated. but there's increasing discussion about whether the g m label is still appropriate. or if genome editing should be considered a new breeding method, instead of classic genetic manipulation in the us,

china and many latin american countries. genome edited crops don't need to be labeled or controlled as g m. and the sector plans to bring several crops to the fields in the coming years. india also decided to ease its regulations in 2022 as highly advanced as genome editing methods may be conventional breeding will remain as important. neither will be able to make up for the huge burden we currently put on our ecosystems. but they'll probably fill the food gap in the future. to europe now, and a grassroots movement fighting the rampant problem of illegal garbage dumping in bosnia and herzegovina. some 3 decades after the indirect panic wore in the former yugoslav republic, the country remains a deeply divided by people are coming together to restore the natural beauty of this shed whom heather when suffered cuba calls the activists answer

over 30. this time aged 7 to 77, he is often surprised that the success of his initiatives while yet yet order was up or was not for the most part, the people have organized themselves for threats. don't go pick it up. no institutions or citizens, action groups or companies are involved here again, only citizens of every age in that nitty. i thought if serbs croats posley acts and others yield sort of by throughout ambush nocka your stolley this time they're working on the banks of the bars. know the river that gave this country it's name. it's an idyllic slice of natural paradise. at least at 1st glance, but a closer look, reveals old tires in the water on the bank. opposite. nature swiftly covers over almost everything, but underneath the trash remains for a very long time, the longer it remains,

the harder it is to clean up later. countrysides littered with waste are a huge problem in bosnia and people here are fed up las vegas as i star by video. now that is a really dirty hobby, comma polluted by factories that dump everything imaginable in to them. i used to talk foisy, people to like they're just tossed their trash straight on to the river, his daddy guy, louder all nationalities here from every country you, the people are waking up to this hullabaloo for years, soft. cuba has been battling the garbage and it's everywhere. he says, authorities aren't taking enough action yet, i don't, i that she probably marbles. one reason we have so much trash and bosnian hits a go vina is that we don't have waste disposal services everywhere. neil, especially not in the countryside. father. my father has another reason is that the authorities don't penalize illegal numbers at the school. the other lack the means or the necessary information is alma ilene emory,

though it does not the what are the fact that i just thought it. and so soft, cuba has been setting up hidden cameras. they record the offenders and deliver crucial evidence to the authorities. hostile panel poll, 3 of them, a garage on a postal pump. we take action when citizens inform us. good morning. oh, and whenever we catch someone who has dumped garbage illegally, he'll, we try to penalize them to the maximum extent possible, nor does what an nestle me god. last thing we're still a little isn't that's not always the case according to soft cool, but his principal means of raising awareness is the internet's in 2020. he started the facebook group, be the change. the list of accomplishments is already impressive. so far, there have been more than 3500 clean up an issue is throughout the country involving over 20000 participants. and what's new for bosnia is the reach across borders and ethnic groups. people everywhere organizing themselves because they

believe the state has dropped the ball. they have to fema with huge one is nature and the environment are beautiful again, what people can come here for a rest. if western europe can achieve that, why shouldn't it be possible in bosnia hubert now, others are beginning to join in local waste disposal services. for instance, many here have been struggling with insufficient funding and outdated equipment with some help from suffolk who but the service here got hold of a trash compactor. the next step is separating the trash did a little dog. so dog, one result of our cooperation with the facebook group is that we've introduced 2 different bins. so trash can be separated right now, but it's a start. i suppose you have to remember now. so there's just too little environmental awareness among the citizens and across the country. in general, you see grudgingly ah, yes, i called vision deal, michel darrel and he doesn't have to look far for an example. a parking lot close

by is littered with trash left behind by a flea market held there. they come to clean it up every week, but soon after it looks just the same buckley acco beaten i was, i, yes, that we have to put more work into raising environmental awareness. so the population will understand ecology nice. that the, and the humans i have this problem better capital and especially what it means to care for the environmental problem. he stops, does not she of not cheap. this, like i legally along the bosner. they've been making good progress. young people are putting lots of energy into it. every piece of trash is another small victory. it doesn't take long for them to pile up quite a mountain of the authorities then do their part and have it picked up. um, well here's the product of just a few meters of riverbank that man that man, i'm george in this because i want nate her to be clean with no lesser. that's when i leave the house. i want it to be beautiful. all around green and you know trash.

i miss mitchell. ha nissan. what's you? she's much nicer with. everything clean and green instead of full of trash ready. zillow. mr. smith, i'm glad we were able to clean up at least a little today. watch the movie, maybe half of what scattered around here. oh. and with that, a new environmental awareness is growing along the banks of the bosner. cleaning up the natural environment. does more than just remove the ice sort of garbage. it boosts biodiversity and livelihoods. a former software engineer and coming not has found rewarding work in the restoration of leaks. tanks and rivers. it's helped more than a 1000 families returned to farming lands they had given up as lost. ah ah, agriculture has changed

a lot in the tangela district of diamond lydell. many farmers have given up going rice and coconuts and swish to legumes like peanuts, which are robust and neat less water because dropped is a chronic problem and his teeth compounded by extreme feather events like cyclop gotcha. in 2018. the uses piece in c, nasa captured images of the policy and stone that destroyed fees and wiped out around 80 percent of the region. scogel trees. a disaster for the past 3 years. that seemed less and less trained on linda ne, lowe's jewish and there was no water even in the bore. well, so many farmers had to leave about the they had to find work as daily wage laborers . i think young people started working in convenience stores, but farmers who have large areas of land can't just leave. they're still farming, but it's hard for them. i'm not going to. and ben, if you don't get a software engineer nimble, one was on

a visit home from his job and away been to site drones track. he saw 1st hand how people struggled to find water in the aftermath and looking around. he could see by local water bodies were dried up from the cutting crowds littered with garbage and eroded by illegal sent mining. they were unable to absorb the inundation of water and stored it for future dry seasons. newman want to work for a change, and so he stayed. he had a good merely and said he meant the water resources here were not in good condition . the underground water levels became very low and there were no connections between the different legs. and because the water channels were in such bad shape, when going all the rainwater went into the sea, i wanted to do something on them. we 1st tackled a 500 acre lake in paris, ronnie village. i looked on his project grease 20000 rupees, and donations the cube lint of about 220 years. that the initial funding and the

help of numerous volunteers never began to dig out the dry of lake to make it deeper. to dug up as to was used to create a small island for buzz and fried, forced the banks of the canards leading to the lake by me and then the 89. and if we restore the lakes groundwater, supplies get replenished bottles in some places. water has flowed back into boar wells to do it. if the legs are in good condition watermark, reach the villages during the rainy season, it goes into the lake. when i got in summer they become a water source word offers work is spread quickly across the country. closer to home, farmers said to patty, approached nimble him to ask him for help in his own community. the village had lost its leak. a precious source of water after prolong drought medium. well, there's only one and i will any one of them. 2 days later he got to work on

a lot of. he cleared the water channels to the lake. we had, we didn't do anything. he did it all holiday when he cleared the water channels and the lake area to have been the one of the, as a result for in the ground water levels have increased by about 50 meters going up . well, i mean, it's been a big success modem of video vendor a few years ago, newman. hi, gwen, good hardly have grieved it. but he and his supporters have already to vibe more than $100.00 leaks in india. and he has plans to take his vote to not and sri lanka as well. nibble has created value, been watered as a, was for the future, and plans to revive many more in ears to come. well, as we saw to be a little bit of creativity can take us far and this matters when it comes to solving some of the biggest challenges our generation faces. if you have creatively solved the problem, to make your neighborhood cleaner and greener,

tell us about it as equal india and d w dot com until next week. good bye. and thanks for watching. ah ah ah, ah, with

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