i already exist, been a part of the livelihood department, the cookie. next on d, w a is a thought they were great, you know . oh, a almost every way we look. nature is under threat from pollution, habitat laws over exploitation and climate change. conservation efforts faced many

challenges and sometimes all we can do is adapt. but as the reports coming up short, it means to be creative. hello, welcome to eco india. i'm sometime around the world. irrigation drought and sea level rise are increasing the solemnity of the soil and stunting crop productivity . one of india's was affected, states is punjab, known as the country's granary. there, the problem is compounded by water login to help maintain farmers livelihoods. scientists are replacing wheat fields with bonds to form an animal. normally found hundreds of kilometers a week in the seat. ah, no, just a few kilometers from the india pakistan border lies shadonna village, infant job. it is home to pharma,

jacko mar. the greatest tread he and many of the fathers here faith is the loss of their generations, old agricultural livelihood. we cannot grow anything. here we have to purchase greens, even for alone. consumption. i have a deck of 4 to 5 leg rubies. i couldn't repay the dead because the bombing was unproductive. got to me what appears to be, nor is in fact, a pin layer of thought that is becoming an increasingly common site in this one for dial region. this accumulation affects oil quality and is hitting farmer scrubs hard color bonding caught the water. it's a line. yeah. we saw the seed and blood the feel, but the cross even to die yacht do not thought it might grow a little, and then you die is going to be a little bug named in state of job gets its name from the fire,

but an ill rivers that low to explains, starting in the 1960 the green revolution transformed agriculture in punjab, hybrid seed, very mechanized farming, pesticides and 40 like this began to be used to maximize agricultural yield. dr. all each other from the punjab agricultural universities has been job has become a victim of its own success. first, engineered by the well known agriculture scientists, dr. dr. gulker, who usually does regularly. he used the deal for the jail inmates to make small bags though that mexican what i do, the rice and wheat and to distribute it to the farmers and throughout the state. and then once they're sniffed, when he have mommy returns out of healing that i can read what it is. and they started way more and more of these crops. and because of that, it looked all on this island live of the source of the time. and the,

the file guard depleted the ground water garden deleted on the one hand far so, fin job, i think severe depletion of the underground. what did the bill having to rely on education from long distance water sources? on the other hand, parts of the job and the thing was logging where the water table is so high that it brings up underground falls and don't batten. once the water evaporates and some areas laden looks around a lot and father got the water logging has started coming up. why? because you are not expecting any gun water. you're, you're using some of the water can weird through canals. diamond again and the other the you have now. shifter from carter with a less water lighting drop for the, vibrating him to it a rice with more rob, like cutting, drop, and needing it on $20.00 to $25.00. indications in se them. so you are filling the

already filled glass, so you're not right, right? you are the charging and that is the major the, the dr. deep thing has been working to help save farmers livelihoods for a decade. now he has been training local farmers to transition to stream farming even though punjab has 5 major rivers. fish is not a major element of the punjabi died and to align echo culture was unthinkable not long ago. dr. things idea is to turn in, learn a line areas into aquaculture at barnes, so farmers can earn a living basically we are not adding anything. we're not putting any kind of stress on the land. it's, i want to learn learn. and if you go down there, you will find where to file a food below you, how the water. so we are just the sometimes they are receiving or automatically. so we're not,

we're not aggravating the problem of walking along and we're not doing any work. we're not adding any water. what we are doing in i already exist, been to line water. we're getting organism far the lively heart of these for the ship needed to start and aquaculture for our schools from india. course to state dr. thing says these feeds are released in dugout boards under strict bio security protocol. the trial for this project began in 2014 on one heck dead off satellite area today more than 100 farmers in this district alone. i was running aquaculture on $450.00 hectic i don't want to get that. we should agree to follow our bonds. but that is the need of the odd because to create katherine's around that phone, you can fill it, you know, go digger deep to make up on and then week we'd

never and we'll get to that we should add fall. it's not a command it. the only thing is if that is hauled roland, i was about to log in, paula putting together some ideas. then the only way forward is selling regular. it is necessary to proceed carefully artificially turning agriculture land into salt water. barnes can have disastrous consequences from bio diversity laws to contamination of water d. both farmers in coastal countries like bungler. the ation will not have been known to pump salt into body fields in order to begin farming stream the good aggregate to learn, nor to be converted into shim farming because their dining areas can also become cell. and i used, if it is getting in the middle, are good to good. learn something like by deliberately pumping the water line water from there. so only we have the water table is high and where this file is already

aligned, what is already let us do ship farming. demand for indian shames from china and the u. s. has grown the ship production here to 4000 tons. buddy. farmers corporation with scientists is once again helping them adjust to the new circumstances without was sitting the logical balance. well, with agriculture to land on the fixed, some climate change and more and more people on the planet to feed the salt is on for new food crops, neck and whips tank, changing conditions and increase. he's signed to son, divisor, m all super crook through gene editing but should be really be fiddling with our food. we started improving plants by cross breeding. the best variety is the 1st records of human, selecting ancient grass and wheat date back 10000 years. since then,

we've multiplied corn, wheat, rice, and so yields by several times and read them to something which would probably be hard to identify for one of the early settlers back then. for example, do you know what this is? today? it looks like this doesn't seem like a close relative does it. in the past, decades yields have skyrocketed to feed an ever increasing population. we did not stop at just multiplying yields. our excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and the ongoing conversion of sense of ecosystems to crop land have degraded 40 percent of fertile soils globally. what's more, the climate crisis is forecast to reduce harvests. the problem is we actually need to produce more, but without using moorland and more resources is a 50 percent gap between the food produced to day and what we need in 2050 just just to feed people adequately. if everyone became a vegetarian, we could produce enough sustainably,

but that doesn't look like it'll happen any time soon. if we just stick at the current yield rate 0 as great as can power sample on the back and move on. and then the only way that we would meet those needs is to expand the agriculture frontier even further. which means sort of good bye to the remaining natural ecosystems. scientists are designing brazilian super crops that might produce higher yields and need fewer resources to grow. they want to speed up the process by changing the plants. genetic code with genome editing, such as with rice, drowned was major news. the summer of 2022. it is brutal down there, drought emergency unprecedented droughts and hate waves have put, bought a scarcity into sharp focus. that's a problem for rise of thirsty crop used to be soaked. a new breed might help in the future. this variety, i are 64, is mostly grown in the global south,

but it's eaten worldwide. scientists tweaked it's genes to make it more drought resistant. the new rice uses up to 40 percent less water in some weeks. while the conventional varieties did not survive a week without water in 40 degree heat, half of the gene edited plants did. scientists did this by instructing a naturally occurring gene in the plant to be more powerful. this gene helps reduce the number and size of the plans pores which are responsible for gas and water exchange. fewer and smaller pores meant the plant saved water yields increased or remain the same. the method they used here is called crisper cas 9, also known as genetic scissors or genome editing. it is fundamentally different to traditional genetic modifications or gm technologies. it relies actually on natural processes, but it makes the mutation process much lesser and most gm products contain the

synthetic gene or a gene from another organism inserted into the plant or animal of interest insect resistant cotton. and means, for example, grown widely around the world contain a gene originally found in bacteria. instead of using foreign dna, gene editing makes changes in the characteristics of any organism using the information present in its own genetic code using special enzymes, working like scissors, we can delete, swap or repeat genes present in the plants dna. it will take many dozens of generation until you have only this one gene transferred by crossing and then often will not be very viable. the crystal would just take too long. so the it gene i'm editing is really super powerful because it can go and the single gene change it and boil up. it takes 7 to 15 years to get a crossbred plant with the desired trait with gene editing just a couple of months, plus a few years of testing. globally,

gene editing research is speeding up from only a couple of patterns filed in 2011 to about 2000 patents in 2019 by private companies and public researchers. the us, china, and multi nationals are investing heavily in the technology which is expected to develop into a multi $1000000000.00 market by the end of the decade. it's risky, especially as many new crop varieties are still in the research phase. and little data and few risk assessments exist weekend have been have to see what happens in nature. it's all uncertain, and it will be really experimentation. fedex and we're will be far ahead of the science assigns. we'll have to catch up some experts point to cases of off target genetic changes or cases of deleting much more genetic information than intended. additionally, genes involved in increasing yields, in some type of drought, could crease yields in wet years. and as there is

a large number of genes involved, turning one or 2 genes on or off is mostly not enough here. the less optimized the crop, the easier it is to improve. that's why experts he most potential in quickly developing old varieties that haven't been part of industrial production so far, such as millet and corn, wheat, or magnet, which already have stronger defenses against climate related challenges. but where breeding is still in its infancy. so i don't want to take anything, the tape, the challenge is so significant. i don't wanna take crisper technology don't. i don't want to take shifting diets. i don't want to take restoration, or we guess it's all of these things. the, you genetically edited crops are labeled g m and therefore heavily regulated. but there's increasing discussion about whether the gm label is still appropriate. or if genome editing should be considered a new breeding method, instead of classic genetic manipulation in the us,

china and many latin american countries. genome edited crops don't need to be labeled or controlled as g m. and the sector plans to bring several crops to the fields in the coming years. india also decided to ease its regulations in 2022. as highly advanced as gina editing methods may be conventional breeding will remain as important. neither will be able to make up for the huge burden we currently put on our ecosystems. but they'll probably fill the food gap in the future. to europe now, and a grassroots movement fighting the rampant problem of illegal garbage dumping in bosnia and herzegovina. some 3 decades after the inter apnic war in the former yugoslav republic, the country remains a deeply divided, but people are coming together to restore the natural beauty of this shed whom have

when suffered cuba calls. the activists answer over 30, this time aged 7 to 77. he's often surprised at the success of his initiatives while yet yet all this was opera was not for the most part, the people have organized themselves for threats. don't go pick it up. no institutions or citizens, action groups or companies are involved here again, only citizens of every age and that necessity serves croats, pontiacs and others yield sort of by for ortho bush, nocka, your stolley. this time they're working on the banks of the bars know the river that gave this country it's name. it's an idyllic slice of natural paradise, at least at 1st glance. but a closer look, reveals old tires in the water on the bank. opposite. nature swiftly covers over almost everything, but underneath the trash remains for a very long time. the longer it remains,

the harder it is to clean up later. countrysides littered with waste are a huge problem. in bosnia and people here are fed up las vegas as i star by. but he own allred is a really dirty, become a polluted by factories that dump everything imaginable. in to them, i used to talk coin, people to like that just tossed their trash straight into the with his daddy guy. louder all nationalities here from every country you, the people are waking up to this hullabaloo for years. soft. cuba has been battling the garbage and it's everywhere. he says, authorities aren't taking enough action yet. i don't i that she probably marbles. one reason we have so much trash and bosnian hits a go vina is that we don't have waste disposal services everywhere. neil, especially not in the countryside father with the last 5 years. another reason is that the authorities don't penalize illegal numbers at the school. the either lack the means or the necessary information is alma ilene emory,

though it does not have the what are the fact like his thought and so soft? cuba has been setting up hidden cameras. they record the offenders and deliver crucial evidence to the authorities. postal palmer poll, 3 of them, a garage on a postal pump. we take action when citizens inform us. good morning will. oh, and whenever we catch someone who has dumped garbage illegally, he'll, we try to penalize them to the maximum extent possible, nor does what an nestle we got. nashville was still, he wasn't that's not always the case. according to suffolk, hubert, his principal means of raising awareness is the internet's in 2020. he started the facebook group, be the change. the list of accomplishments is already impressive. so far, there have been more than 3500 clean up an issue is throughout the country involving over 20000 participants. and what's new for bosnia is the reach across

borders and ethnic groups. people everywhere organizing themselves because they believe the state has dropped the ball. they have to fema, what do you want is nature and the environment are beautiful again, what people can come here for a rest. if western europe can achieve that, why shouldn't it be possible in bosnia hubert now, others are beginning to join in local waste disposal services. for instance. many here have been struggling with insufficient funding and outdated equipment, with some help from suffolk who but the service here got hold of a trash compactor. the next step is separating the trash did a little dog. so dog, one result of our cooperation with the facebook group is that we've introduced 2 different bins. so trash can be separated right now, but it's a start. i suppose you have to remember now. so there's just too little environmental awareness among the citizens and across the country. in general. yes, he, grudgingly, ah, yes, i got the same deal and go to him. and he doesn't have to look far for an example.

a parking lot close by is littered with trash left behind by a flea market held there. they come to clean it up every week, but soon after it looks just the same buckley acco beaten i was, and i, yes, that we have to put more work into raising environmental awareness. so the population will understand ecology on these, that the, and the humans. i have this problem better and especially what it means to care for the environmental problem. he starts does not, she does not cheap. this, i got to go for the along the bosner. they've been making good progress. young people are putting lots of energy into it. every piece of trash is another small victory. it doesn't take long for them to pile up quite a mountain of the authorities then do their part and have it picked up. here is the product of just a few meters of river bank. that man, that may like massaging this because i want need her to be clean,

with no lesser. that's when i leave the house. i want it to be beautiful, all around green and you know trash. i miss mitchell. ha nissan. what's the issue? it's much nicer with everything clean and green instead of full of trash ready. zealous. oh mr. smith, i'm glad we were able to clean up at least a little today or just the mm hm. maybe half of what scattered around here. oh. and with that, a new environmental awareness is growing along the banks of the barza cleaning up the natural environment. does more than just remove the ice sort of garbage. it boosts biodiversity and livelihoods. a former software engineer and coming nod has found rewarding work in the restoration of leaks. tanks and rivers. it's helped more than a 1000 families returned to farming lads they had given up as lost. ah,

agriculture has changed a lot in the 10 java district of thomas lydell. many farmers have given up going rice and coconuts and fish to legumes like peanuts, which are robust and neat less water because dropped is a chronic problem and his teeth compounded by extreme feather events like cyclop gotcha. in 2018. the youth disputed in c, nasa captured images of the policy and stone that destroyed fever and vibe out around 80 percent of the regents coconut trees, a disaster for the past regent that seemed less and less friend fawn linden, the lows and there was no water. even in the boar wells, so many farmers had to leave little about the they had to find work as daily wage laborers. i think young people started working in convenience stores land, but farmers who have large areas of land can't just leave. they're still farming, but it's hard for them. i'm not going to ben if you don't get a software engineer. nimble. one was on

a visit home from his job and away from the site on track. he saw 1st hand how people struggled to find water, indoctrinated and looking around. he could see by local water bodies were dried up from regarding crowds, littered with garbage and eroded by illegal cent mining. they were unable to absorb the inundation of water and as toward it for future dry seasons. newman want to work for change, and so he stayed it again nearly and said he meant the water resources here were not in good condition. the underground water levels became very low and there were no connections between the different legs and because the water channels were in such bad shape window and all the rain water went into the sea. i wanted to do something on them. we 1st tackled the 500 acre lake in paris, ronnie village. i looked on his project grease 20000 rupees,

and donations the cube lint of about 220 years. that the initial funding and the help of numerous volunteers never began to dig out the dry of lake to make it deeper. dug up towards use to create a small island for buzz, and freed forced the banks of the candidates leading to the league army in the needle. and then if we restore the legs ground water supplies get replenished. laurel in some places, water has flowed back into bore wells to do it. if the legs are in good condition, water won't reach the villagers. during the rainy season, it goes into the lake, oregon. in summer they become a water source word office work is spread quickly across the country. closer to home, farmers said to patty, approached nimble him to ask him for help in his own community. the village had lost its sleek, a precious source of water. after a prolonged drought medium. well,

there's only one and i was only one of them. 2 days later he got to work on a lot of. he cleared the water channels to the lake. we had, we didn't do anything. he did it all holiday when he cleared the water channels and the lake area to have been the one of the, as a result for in the ground water levels have increased by about 50 meters going up . well, i mean it's been a big success model more video vendor a few years ago, newman. hi, gwen, good hardly have grieved it. but he and his supporters have already to 5 more than 100 legs in india. and he has plans to take his vote to not and sri lanka as well. nibble has created valuable waters or was for the future and plans to revive many more in the us to come well, as we saw to be a little bit of creativity can take us far. and this matters when it comes to solving some of the biggest challenges our generation faces. if you have creatively

solved the problem, to make your neighborhood cleaner and greener, tell us about it as equal india and d, w dot com until next week. good bye. and thanks for watching, ah, a ah, ah, with

who signaling a he had to be got is worry, rushing propaganda spreading like we will to sins media will divide the country after all,

every 4th person here has russian roots and nearly everyone has a tv with conflict zone refresh, banner d, belittles has to hold and russia since the start of the war in ukraine. what is that support to be sent to escalate it into something more active from up to be are shortcut. you've political advisor to bella lucian, opposition, mita threat lamasta's kind of sky up. she claims to be the national leader of bella, luce. but holden, the gentleman, is her claim with 90 minutes on a d. w. o. a lead of contrasts. of ambition.

the for the, the quality 75 years ago, mahatma gandhi peacefully led the country to independence full of ideals. what is the remaining of his vision with what's the status of human rights and social justice in what's called the world largest democracy? where is india headed? this is the moment to unleash on violet pass and re imagine. now these teachings for relevance to us. gandhi's legacy starts january 28th on b, w. ah

ah, put this d w. news live from berlin, russia, a tax ukraine as the west promises more military support, ukrainian to take to bomb shelters amid 8th or raj of missile andrew attacks. the strikes come a day after germany and the u. s. pledge to sent thanks.