only source of income for a kilo, of course, a minor gets $0.10 to the dirty business of beauty in 45 minutes on d. w. o. raring to read. ah, everyone who loves books has to go insane. ah, the d w literature list? 100 german must reads ah, he stays just in the history books. it is very much a patch of us. we remember for us to refer to shape our future. when we say never again,

we have to mean it was when it's to the problem with today's culture of remembrance is that we embrace jews to the point that they can't breathe. germany is once again debating how it deals with its nazi past. and the issues of guilt, remembrance, and responsibility. should there be more focus on other dark chapters in history? is the culture of remembrance, changing. and if so, how we had to south africa wearing museum is exploring parallels between european and african history. we also go to israel, where the younger generation is rethinking the way the holocaust is. lambert. but

we start to show in germany a country that thought it had learned how to come to terms with its past. but his now realizing that it's an ongoing process with me in november 1938 anti semitism, took a violent turn throughout germany. nazi's been down synagogues, london, jewish homes and stores and murdered many in the ensuing holocaust. the showa, in hebrew, millions of jews were killed. remembering these victims and acknowledging the country's historical guilt for the crimes committed under national socialism is a fact of life in germany. the nation has faced up to this dark chapter in its history. it's been a rocky journey fraught with hurdles, but the holocaust is central to the countries culture of remembrance

versus got on finances like the fact that it's clear that we keep the post alive. and when, when you look to all the countries you soon realize the culture of remembrance of upholstery shames, crimes can't be taken for granted. her play unsaid. this duty helps us learn how important it is to also keep others memories. a life couldn't vietnam, the visit of the document envelope for them. about 22000000 people in germany have a migrant background. meaning one him for like he doesn't identify with the countries historical, built for nazi crimes. and that changes how people look back on history. now the spotlight is shifting to another murky chapter. europe's long ignored crimes during the colonial era. germany is struggling to confront its responsibility of a button on the up impulse to a flood lying on when it comes to sweeping colonial crimes under the carpet. all the former colonial power is the same attitude and germany is no exception. i

english and any higher tone, namely kind of like annex they won't admit anything until there's no way around it . and they string along the victims for as long as possible. cause along a hindu smokey but wait. ready onto the germans praised for how admirably they deal with their dark past. ready ready and no other country in the world has faced its pass. so encouragingly declared jewish philosopher, susan nyman in 2020. does that only apply to the holocaust? did the nazis crimes talk all other crimes against humanity? it's a controversial question. why does guilt for nazi crimes play such a key role for germans? how do they face the historical truth? and how are they now trying to been shut down new paths? venosity fog, when it comes to the question, how can we get young people with a migrant background interested in the shower?

it's 1st important to change our choice of words, humphries, at some say they're not interested because it's not their history, but that for the fundamental misunderstanding to view the show of german history or instead of human kinds history, i've done thought the question always implies, is that it doesn't interest them, but that's not true. the stim sap and nor cima wants to promote understanding. the aim is to boost awareness by asking simple questions as to what does the holocaust have to do with me. and why are we talking about in the home? they didn't do that, we were in his rule as museum director. i knew livi tackles anti semitic stereotypes and jewish self images. good by. it isn't with all these topics, it's always about the past and the present. the question is always, what do people want to see? what do they want to have confirmed? how far are they willing to venture onto another path?

ah, shall know to lead a man has written a book whose title translates as understanding the pain of others. it explores how we deal with historical crimes as showered off. all i look at the ideas we have about victims. how can we establish empathy with victims and their descendants? one, yes, and why as i empathy often so unequally distributed ah, feed him and visited the site of human rights violations. and not just in europe, she meant victims of atrocities and their descendants. and she views the holocaust in the context of what she referred to as a global universal memory. probably the thorny asked question. she asks,

concerns empathy, which victims and historical crimes evoke empathy? enough of it helped us in fights for me. say about i've noticed myself that i tend to feel more empathy for victims of national socialism than for colonial victims. had to put us not to nozzle. i don't like that reaction, but that's just the way it is. how they can assure infant about us. it's a result of various influences of pike, women who tune shall lot of eat a man was born in germany. 9 years after national socialism ended, her father was a member of the party. he kept silent about his nazi past. like most people as an if was i'm to disclose. sean, i think at some point it's too late to have the talk. families should have about the topic and but what's new to day i think is that today's racism, anti semitism and fall right. crimes are making young people ask new questions.

like, what are you doing? pardon? what to help victims muscle. what are you doing to help bring the perpetrators to jumpstart? was likely, upon more people are asking what can be done, but of course, against the backdrop of what happened here in the past. i will not truly put a forwarded lesson buffy. i'm a positive and these are stellar stunt for. yeah. i know, you know, google inebriation crossed i enough from often from north november north and on that often dice, issues that ask avoided for not united with phillotson and bond restrict lesbian and memorial in the lavette. so shall say in berlin, since 1960 but a monument wasn't built until 50 years after the bloody pop romans targeting jews. it's a reminder of how the nazis used the synagogue as a site to round up juice for deputation. from here they were loaded into trucks or forced to walk to the freight train station sometimes at night and sometimes in

broad daylight with every one watching the whole coast vo, i'm the holocaust, was a crime that involved countless people should be often in the places where jews lived for the lord, it was a crime that many profited from him. he's a homeless and the people looted from their neighbors in. most importantly, however, his boss was that this wasn't just a mass murder of people to put a symbolic murder. the systematic, he planned extermination of the jews of europe. germany railey historian, danina calls it a rupture and civilization. the nazis called it the final solution thus planted klamath, william, i he got come on top of the database. 2000 mention of i'ma is like that target every month. once dish widow up

he think i in the final solution. i don't, i should been sentenced to death in israel in 1961 in germany. those responsible for the crime that al smith stood trial for the 1st time in 1963 the trial took place thanks to the efforts of attorney general fitz bower. persevering in the face of a germany that largely wanted to forget the shame of its nazi past and against a web of intrigues within the german post war justice system. to day immemorial in frankfurt commemorates his fight for a membrane is key, emotional did hold. he was not only concerned with the holocaust, or it wasn't just about him as a jewish emigrant himself knew. it wasn't just about the crimes against the jews. he was just as concerned with the crimes against cynthia and roma,

b u t o from he was concerned with the rehabilitation of deserters, but he also wanted to assess the world war for what it was fostered and a legal war of aggression and injustice creek. so he always had the bigger picture in mind that mc germans only grasped the full extent of the holocaust. in 1979. when mobbing chomsky many fairies, holocaust hit tv springs, it unleashed long buried feelings and repressed memories and made it impossible to look away from nazi tara and how it to a family's apart. what is his cry? what does he done? said the it's you know what the scenes were suddenly in every living room in germany and people started rethinking german identity and the holocaust holocaust. the series was designed to trigger exactly bad us to trigger. and the broadcast reacted quickly, and that it's sensitive and realised this development needed to be backed up. this

award winning documentary depicts the socio political background and explosive atmosphere in germany following the broadcast of holocaust in 1979. only cuba foot at austin m mom. i need the geek nos dash 20 kind sina alst debunk man select after in spent it asked me to one must to send us copeland's to suit with folks acting as if students wanted your fish nuggets. i am got an exposure dump, fuson his and don drago and it rots in cuba. gumps feler spring garden. suddenly the whole nation was talking about the enormity of the nazis crimes finding new ways to make history immediately and to none from it for the future. saba nor cima read the diary of anne frank as a child with her parents own experience is as refugees from pakistan in mind. today, she advises the government undeveloped concepts for the prevention of racist and

anti semitic violence. of the candidates, as does the core, i dare is that young people should empower themselves that i should frame their own opinions, share their experiences and understand that their story too can be relevant or important to columbus. luxurious to live, i'm fine with everything. and frank diary made her a symbolic figure in the history of the holocaust. the learning lab at the anne frank educational center in frankfort invites guests to interact with her story under 92 experiences and perspectives of young people to day. education can have a decisive influence on how history is remembered. the island through this course, what we learned in school is important to developing a culture of remembrance of what we remember. and what i'm doing is ultimately derived from our education fis, has spot to more recent discussion about gym and colonialism. the crimes committed

in the colonial era all still badly addressed in history lessons. why is so little attention paid to the victims of genocide such as in former german south west africa all the crimes of colonialism, overshadowed by holocaust remembrance. it's a sensitive question and the polarizing one. and for me to name, there is one really important lesson from the showa. it's that you must never so people's fates into hierarchies. germany's culture of remembrance was years in the making. decades of research and schools have solidly entered it in mainstream society, keeping the memory if the holocaust alive remain is a challenge. not just in germany. mm. ah, in israel remembrance is also being reconsidered now that the last holocaust

survivors are dying, their grandchildren and great grandchildren or moines. we used to remember the past without them televi israel 2022 on an autumn afternoon. 2 generations are coming together. hannah, monica and sharon went us, they're involved in the initiative to koran bus alone remembrance in the living room, which brings holocaust survivors together with young israelis in a private setting that they, they are is that we are doing it together. we're thing together. we're listening. we 1st we listen and then we share and then we talk. and the columbus sell on the purpose is not to remember for the sake of remembering. we remember for us to repair, to shape our future. when we say never again, we have to minute hannah, mocha is 99 years old. she survived the treat in stock ghetto that forced labor and the ocean its concentration camp. she shares her experiences and meetings with

younger generations held around the world and also online. oh for servants as a beetle need to understand what happened massive so they can prevent it from ever happening again this the daily, they need to understand that things that appear to be minor can result in terrible things like that life. people think it can never happen again, but many forgets. get and seek or, and bustle on helps them understand how people act it back. then i say, yeah, it should assume it now. all right, glad about him. hell, the future of holocaust remembrance is also a central concern at the advocate him israel. holocaust memorial in jerusalem, which opened in 1953 escaped jets to day. and israel, there are very, very few young people who are able to hear from their grandparent's 1st hand about what happened back then by, in other words,

soon the eye witnesses will no longer be able to speak to us directly. there are fewer and fewer legal that has major implications because that means that a very natural connection to the subject, namely through one's grandma grandpa is disappearing. vic fit the hall of names and yet for him, a police of remembrance for the 6000000 jews who were systematically murdered. in the name of nancy ideology, the museum's goal is to use documents, personal possessions and survivors. testimonies to convey to future generations. what happened the international school for holocaust studies is also a part of yard for him. an educational institution for teaching the history of the sure confidence changes in the culture of remembrance are underway here as well. because this is a nice little favors and i've seen the thing we have to understand that is really, society is very, very mixed. they say that it is

a very heterogeneous society. are you in israel? about half of the jews, and israel are of european ancestry, ash, canarsie jews, others have their roots in iraq, north africa, and yemen. and for them, there may be a cultural bond or a national bond through israel, but not necessarily a biographical one. these are you shipping all of a knish orbiting of your graph issue. it is the 3rd and 4th generations in particular that are being impacted by these changes. here at the school, estella who trains young students studying to be teachers 6 years ago, esther decided to make a lawyer and emigrate from germany to israel. as it's from an and family and so on the one hand we are getting further and further away from the events of the holocaust ellis as well. and of course, and israel, we already geographically distant from the places where the holocaust took place and had the places where the family histories existed before the persecution of the

holocaust stack of one ham. some. on the other hand, the family connections are just not as strong as they were for the 2nd generation. and with weatherford, it's fight again at your in the future of commemoration is also a concern at zacharon bas alone, 10 years ago when it was 1st initiated by a younger generation, it was still small. but to day it has almost gruen into an institution itself. and being given a place among official commemorations now to johannesburg, south africa, where studying european history is helping young people come to terms with their own country's experience of violence and oppression. the south african metropolis of johannesburg. at the heart of the sprawling city scape is the holocaust and genocide center. it's founder and executive director is tarley knights, who was born in israel in 1961. the historian has lived in south africa finale for

decades. she's dedicated her life to this project. it was never a museum come while don't engage any more. we wanted people to come again and again, visit temporary exhibitions, visit our resource center, come to events, come to field, come to dialogues, engage that was very important to me personally into all of us tally nights and her team spent a decade planning, collecting donations and networking center opened in 2019 and became part of johanna spokes, cultural life architect lewis, levine, drew up his design and consultation with survivors of the show her and the genocide . in rwanda. its architecture that makes the history more tangible. the railway lines are embedded in rock and stone. they are not parallel, they are going to the sky and the railway lines symbolized journeys,

journeys of the holocaust beyond. julie's of gentle fine journeys of oppression and suffering. journeys of modernity that brings progress, but all sole pain. since the 19th century south africa has been home to the largest jewish community in all of africa. but this place of remembrance is not just for them. it's also for the post to parties, nation as a and young people, especially. so why do you choose them to tell? are the histories because in a country that suffered from a very painful past, and he still struggling with that past off colonialism off racism off apartheid. it's very difficult for us to actually speak about ourselves. everything in our minds is translated through our own history. it is easier in a way to have another entry point. roughly 30 years after the end of apartheid.

the chasm between rich and poor is still very evident reconciling the divide some mammoth task for south africa's democracy, minerals with children. the racial and the honoring policies that were created by the nazis have resemblance to a bought of dave laws in south africa. and i'll be very honest with yourself after high, still struggling with racism and inequality. in fact, i'll africa is now most unequal country in the world, which so a lot of that is between the different races. so there's a reality, we can't deny that. and so when kids come to this center, it's an opportunity to speak about that. and to address that, since the way the violence against african migrants in 2000 and night conflicts continue to flare up xenophobia and racism. a themes at the center aims to tackle together with students and teachers like mumsy melinda from red hill high school.

my parents did tell me about a part in what they went through. and you still see some of those things. you know, when i teach my kids about my students about a pot it, i make them look around the immediate environment and say to them, what do you see? that is the legacy of a potted, in other words, way is the evidence of those things. so it's very, very important that they make those connections and also to see that history is not just in the history books. it is very much a part of us history. that's not just in books, like these pieces of clothing, for example. they belong to people from the tootsie minority in rwanda, brutally murdered. in 1994, the violence was stoked by racist propaganda on the radio. a genocide in the heart of africa. since then it's been crystal clear to tarley knights. it's essential to fight against hatred, indifference, and silence. rwanda was always the,

it had to be the this outburst, the violence, deadly deadly violence is really important to speak about how quickly things can happen. how quickly, almost a 1000000 people can be killed. you do not need to build an arch with, you can just heal with your hands with machetes with grenades with knives. and i think for i, since i forget who wonder more than other cases of gentle site is the most important case. to the center works with volunteers like irena class born in 1931. she experienced nazi brutality as a child in poland. here and now she tells her story. ah, from 9 years onwards i lived was my mother, my uncle and my grand mother. one small room in the warsaw ghetto

sinks were not easy at all because i had to almost grow up over night for many years. i couldn't talk about my experiences by my story. couldn't die was me. i felt i had to bring back surpass tarley nights. his family history is also part of the museum. what? because 2 of her relatives names were on oscar schindler's list. her father moses here on the left. and her uncle henrich, survived the holocaust. being on that list save their lives. i am the memorial candle, so i am carrying the memory off the family. and i am very, very proud that this a center in a way is a legacy, is a legacy project to the family members that were murdered. those that survived

a passion for, for history, but the passion for learning from history, understanding history and learning from it for this tale nights is a recipient of the 2020 to go to metal. that was our it's 21 with some new perspectives on remembrance, cold turkey. good bye for now and see you next time. ah ah, ah, [000:00:00;00]

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getting ahead using tech as our documentary series of founders valley foliage africa to meet the founders empowering their continent through digital innovation a transformer, work in health and living conditions in their country and inspiring world with their ideas. valley africa started february 13th, a v w. mm. mm no da vinci's, mysterious masterpiece. this perhaps the greatest leonardo masterpiece and the collection of the louvre. and no, it is not the mona lisa. it is the virgin of the rocks, 2 versions, multiple copies, and

a hidden drawing. was there another symbolic meaning to this beautiful painting that perhaps we just don't understand today? search for answers starts february 10th on d, w. ah ah, you're watching, it'll be news live a from burn lane. israel's prime minister pledge is a strong and swift response to attacks over the past 2 days. benjamin netanyahu convened his security cabinet after 2 shootings in east jerusalem. also coming up