this perhaps the greatest leonardo masterpiece in the collection of the louvre and no, it is not the mona lisa. it is the virgin of the rocks, 2 versions, multiple copies, and a hidden drawing. was there another symbolic meaning to this beautiful painting that perhaps we just don't understand today? to search for answers starts february 10th on d, w. ah ah, he stays just in the history books. it is very much a patch of us. we remember for us to refer to shape our future when we say never again, we have to mean it was when it's to. the problem with today's culture of

remembrance is that we embraced jews to the point that they can't breathe with germany is once again debating how it deals with its nazi past and the issues of guilt, remembrance, and responsibility. should there be more focus on other dark chapters in history? is the culture of remembrance changing? and if so, how we had to south africa wearing museum is exploring parallels between european and african history. we also go to israel, where the younger generation has re thinking the way the holocaust is remembered. but we start sho in germany,

a country that thought had learned how to come to terms with its past, but is now realizing that it's an ongoing process. with me. in november 1938 anti semitism took a violent turn throughout germany. nazi's been down synagogues, london, jewish homes, and stores and murdered many in the ensuing holocaust. the showa in hebrew, millions of jews were killed. remembering these victims and acknowledging the countries historical guilt for the crimes committed under national socialism is a fact of life in germany. the nation has faced up to this dark chapter in its history. it's been a rocky journey fraught with hurdles. but the holocaust is central to the countries culture of remembrance versus got on finances. so i like the fact that it's

clear that we keep the past alive, and when you look to other countries, you soon realize the culture of remembrance of upholstery shane's crimes can't be taken for granted. i ought to say this duty helps us learn how important it is to also keep all those memories. a life can view. lanham vista of all the document on the look for other men. about 22000000 people in germany have a migrant background meeting. one him for like he doesn't identify with the countries historical, built for nazi crimes. and that changes how people look back on history. now the spotlight is shifting to another murky chapter. europe's long ignored crimes during the colonial era. germany is struggling to confront its responsibility of a button to see up impulse to afford langham when it comes to sweeping colonial crimes under the carpet. all the former colonial powers have the same attitude and many is

no exception. i, english and spanish, ohio tone english kind of like annex they won't admit anything until there's no way around it. and they string along the victims for as long as possible. cause along a hindu smockey. but wait. ready and the germans praised for how admirably they deal with their dark past with. ready ready no other country in the world has faced its past, so encouragingly declared jewish philosopher susan nyman in 2020 does not only apply to the holocaust to the nazis crimes top all other crimes against humanity. it's a controversial question. why does guilt for nazi crimes play such a key role for germans? how do they face the historical truth? and how i've a now trying to been shut down new paths. venosity fog, when it comes to the ice gin, how can we get young people with a migrant background interested in the shower? it's 1st important to change our choice of words. home phone is that some say

they're not interested because it's not their history, but that for the fundamental misunderstanding to view the show of german history or instead of human kinds history, i've done thought the question always implies that it doesn't interest them, but that's not true. the stem sap on, nor cima wants to promote understanding the aim is to boost awareness by asking simple questions. after what does the holocaust have to do with me? and why are we talking about in the home? didn't get out. we were in his rule as museum director, i knew livi tackles anti semitic stereotypes and jewish self images good by edison's with all these topics. it's always about the past and the present. the question is always, what do people want to see? what do they want to have confirmed? how far are they willing to venture onto another path?

ah, shallow to lead, a man has written a book whose title translates as understanding the pain of others. it explores how we deal with historical crimes as showered off. all i look at the ideas we have about victims. how can we establish empathy with victims and their descendants find yes and why is our empathy often so unequally distributed? ah, the demon visited the site of human rights violations and not just in europe, she meant victims of atrocities and their descendants. i'm she views the holocaust in the context of what she referred to as a global universal memory. probably the thorny asked question. she asks concerns empathy, which victims and historical crimes evoke empathy. enough of it helped us in fights

for me. say about i've noticed myself that i tend to feel more empathy for victims of national socialism than for colonial victims. had to put us not to not i don't like that reaction, but that's just the way it is. how they can assure infant about us. it's a result of various influences if you pick when one to tune the shallow trevino man was born in germany. 9 years after national socialism ended, her father was a member of the party. he kept silent about his nazi past. like most people as an if was i'm to dispose sean, i think at some point it's too late to have the talk. families should have about the topic and but what's new to day? i think that's why is that today's racism, anti semitism and fall right. crimes are making young people ask new questions.

like, what are you doing? pardon? what to help victims muscle. what are you doing to help bring the perpetrators to jumpstart? was likely, upon more people are asking what can be done, but of course, against the backdrop of what happened here in the past. i, when i truly could afford it destiny. garcia. i'm a positive undeserved de la stand for. yeah. i know, you know, google inebriation, christina from often from learned november. no, it's known that often dice ish, will that ask? avoided for not united with ellison and bond to stick lesbian. a memorial in the lavette social assaye in berlin since 1960. but a monument wasn't built until 50 years after the bloody pock romeus targeting jews . it's a reminder of how the nazis used the synagogue as a site to round up juice for deputation. from here they were loaded into trucks or forced to walk to the freight train station sometimes at night, and sometimes in broad daylight with everyone watching the holocaust, vo,

i'm the holocaust was a crime that involved countless people should be often in the places where jews lived for the do like, it was a crime that many profited from him. he's a homeless people looted from their neighbors in. most importantly, however, his boss was that this wasn't just a mass murderer, people to put a symbolic murder, the systematic, he planned extermination of the jews of europe. germany railey historian, danina calls it a rupture and civilization, the nazis called it the final solution. thus planning them up, oh, i gotta come on top of the database to 1000 mention of i'm with

he thinking in the final solution and elf iceman sentenced to death in israel. in 1961 in germany, those responsible for the crimes at auschwitz stood trial for the 1st time in 1963 . the trial took place thanks to the efforts of attorney general fled spouse, persevering in the face of a germany that largely wanted to forget the shame of its nazi past and against a web of intrigues within the german post war justice system. to day immemorial in frankfort commemorates his fight for a membrane is g. additional did hope. he was not only concerned with the holocaust, or it wasn't just about him as a jewish emigrant himself knew. it wasn't just about the crimes against the jews. he was just as concerned with the crimes against cynthia and rome, w t o from he was concerned with the rehabilitation of deserters,

but he also wanted to assess the world war for what it was fostered, an illegal war of aggression and injustice creek. um, so he always had the bigger picture and mind mc germans only grasped the full extent of the holocaust. in 1979. when marvin jump skis, miniseries holocaust hit tv screens, it unleashed long buried feelings and repressed memories and made it impossible to look away from nazi tara and how it took families apart. what is his cry? what does he does? is that the? yes, you did. these scenes were suddenly in every living room in germany and people started rethinking german identity and the holocaust holocaust. the series was designed to trigger exactly bad us to trigger, and the broadcast reacted quickly and that it senses and realized this development needed to be backed up. this award winning documentary depicts the socio political

background and explosive atmosphere in germany following the broadcast of holocaust in 1979. only to buy food out of town loom. ma'am, i need a deacon out. stanish 20 kind siena. alst. dear bump man snack of didn't spend it asked me to one must to send us copeland's to suit with folks. acted as if king. it's wanted your filthy northwards. i am gotten expedia dump, fuson his and don logan, and it had seen kill gumps feler spring, nodded. suddenly the whole nation was talking about the enormity of finance these crimes finding new ways to make history immediately and to none from it for the future. saba nor cima read the diary of anne frank as a child with her parents own experience is as refugees from pakistan in mind. today, she advises the government undeveloped concepts for the prevention of racist and

anti semitic violence. and the candidate just assumed the core idea is that young people should empower themselves that i should frame their own opinions, share their experiences and understand that their story too can be relevant or important to convert. luxurious to love, i'm fine with everything. and frank diary made her a symbolic figure in the history of the holocaust. the learning lab at the anne frank educational center in frankfort invites guests to interact with her story under 92 experiences and perspectives of young people to day. education can have a decisive influence on how history is remembered. the island through this course, what we learned in school is important to developing a culture of remembrance of what we remember. and what i'm don't is ultimately derived from our education fis has sparked to more recent discussion about gym and colonialism. the crimes committed in the colonial era are still badly addressed in

history lessons. why is so little attention paid to the victims of genocide such as in former german south west africa all the crimes of colonialism, overshadowed by holocaust remembrance. it's a sensitive question from the polarizing one. and for me to name that one really important lesson from the showa, it's that you must never so people fates, into hierarchies. germany's culture of remembrance was years in the making. decades of research and schools have solidly and cadets in mainstream society, keeping the memory of the holocaust alive remain is a challenge. not just in germany. mm. ah. in israel, remembrance is also being reconsidered now that the last holocaust survivors are dying, their grandchildren and great grandchildren are mulling ways to remember the past.

without them tell levine, israel 2022 or an autumn afternoon. 2 generations are coming together. hannah malika and sharon went us, they're involved in the initiative to koran bus along remembrance in the living room, which brings holocaust survivors together with young israelis in a private setting. they are is that we are doing it together. we're sitting together, we're listening. we 1st we listen and then we share and then we talk. and the call on the cell on the purpose is not to remember for the sake of remembering. we remember for us to repair, to shape our future. when we say never again, we have to minute hannah mocker is 99 years old. she survived the to read inch that ghetto, forced labor and the ocean its concentration camp. she shares her experiences and

meetings with the younger generations held around the world and also online rest oh service as a beetle, anita, understand what happened matter so they can prevent it from ever happening again. dish the daily they need to understand that things that appear to be minor can result in terrible things. lead that life a people think it can never happen again. but many forget, go and seek her and basle on helps them understand how people acted back then must say her. yeah. victim on. assume it now. all right, glad about him. hell, the future of holocaust remembrance is also a central concern at the advice him. israel's holocaust memorial in jerusalem, which opened in 1953 escaped jets to day. and israel, there are very, very few young people who are able to hear from their grandparent's 1st hand about what happened back then by. in other words, soon the eye witnesses will no longer be able to speak to us directly. there are

fewer and fewer that has major implications because that means that a very natural connection to the subject. namely through one's grandma grandpa is disappearing. vic fit the hall of names and yet for him, a place of remembrance for the 6000000 jews who were systematically murdered in the name of. now, the id ology, the museum's goal is to use documents, personal possessions and survivors. testimonies to convey to future generations. what happened the international school for holocaust studies is also a part of yard for him. an educational institution for teaching the history of the sure continental changes and the culture of remembrance are underway here as well. again, this is a nice little ferguson, i've seen the thing we have to understand that is really, society is very, very mixed. may say that it is a very heterogeneous society, if you will,

in israel, about half of the jews in israel are of european ancestry. are ash canarsie jews, others have their roots in iraq, north africa, and yemen. and for them there may be a cultural bond or a national bond through israel, but not necessarily a biographical one. these are you shipping all of a niche omitting of your graph issue? it is the 3rd and 4th generations in particular that are being impacted by these changes. here at the school, estella who trains young students studying to be teachers. 6 years ago, estelle decided to make a lawyer and emigrate from germany to israel. as it is from an and family and so on the one hand we are getting further and further away from the events of the holocaust illness as well. and of course, in israel, we already geographically distant from the places where the holocaust took place and had the places where the family histories existed before the persecution of the holocaust stack of one ham. some. on the other hand,

the family connections are just not as strong as they were for the 2nd generation. weatherford, it's fight again. that's who on the future of commemoration is also a concern at zacharon bas alone, 10 years ago when it was 1st initiated by a younger generation, it was still small. but to day it is almost gruen into an institution itself. and being given a place among official commemorations now to johannesburg, south africa, where studying european history is helping young people come to terms with their own country's experience of violence and oppression. the south african metropolis of johannesburg. at the heart of the sprawling city scape is the holocaust and genocide center. it's founder and executive director is tarley knights, who was born in israel in 1961. the historian has lived in south africa finale for decades. she's dedicated her life to this project. it was never

a museum come while don't engage any more. we wanted people to come again and again, visit temporary exhibitions, visit our resource center, come to events, come to film, come to dialogues in gauge. that was very important to me personally into all of us . tally nights and her team spent a decade planning, collecting donations and networking. the center opened in 2019 and became part of johanna spokes, cultural life. architect lewis, levine, drew up his design, and consultation with survivors of the show her and the genocide. in rwanda, it's architecture that makes the history more tangible. the railway lines are embedded in rock and stone. they are not parallel, they are going to the sky and the railway lines symbolize journeys, journeys of the holocaust beyond julie's of gentle fine journeys of oppression and

suffering. journeys of modernity that brings progress, but all sole pain. since the 19th century, south africa has been home to the largest jewish community in all of africa. but this place of remembrance is not just for them. it's also for the post to parties, nation as a and young people, especially. so why do you choose them to tell abby histories, because in a country that suffered from a very painful past, and he still struggling with that past off colonialism off racism off apartheid. it's very difficult for us to actually speak both ourselves. everything in our minds is translated through our own history. it is easier in a way to have another entry point. roughly 30 years after the end of apartheid, the chasm between rich and poor is still very evident. reconciling the divide some

mammoth task for south africa's democracy minerals with children. the racial and the honoring policies that were created by the nazis have resemblance to a bought of dave laws in south africa. and i'll be very honest with you or south africa still struggling with racism and inequality. in fact, i'll africa is now most unequal country in the world, which so a lot of that is between the different races. so there's a reality, we can't deny that. and so when kids come through this center, it's an opportunity to speak about that. and to address that, since the wave of violence against african migrants in 2000 and night conflicts continue to flare up xenophobia and racism. a themes at the center aims to tackle together with students and teachers like mumsy melinda from red hill high school.

my parents did tell me about a part in what they went through. and you still see some of those things. you know, when i teach my kids about my students about a potted, i make them look around the immediate environment and say to them, what do you see? that is the legacy of a potted, in other wits way? is the evidence of those things. so it's a very, very important that they make those connections and also to see that history is not just in the history books. it is very much part of her history. that's not just in books, like these pieces of clothing, for example. they belong to people from the tootsie minority in rwanda, brutally murdered. in 1994, the violence was stoked by racist propaganda on the radio. a genocide in the heart of africa. since then it's been crystal clear to tarley knights. it's essential to fight against hatred, indifference, and silence. rwanda was always the it head to baby.

this outburst, the violence, deadly deadly violence is really important to speak about how quickly things can happen. how quickly, almost a 1000000 people can be killed. you do not need to build an arch with, you can just kill with your hands with machetes with grenades with knives. and i think for us in south africa, wonder more than other cases of jail site is the most important case to the center works with volunteers like irina class. born in 1931, she experienced nazi brutality as a child in poland. here and now she tells her story. ah, some 9 years onwards i lived was my mother, my uncle and my grand mother. one small room in the warsaw ghetto.

sinks were not easy at all, cause i had to almost grow up of a night for many years. i couldn't talk about my experiences by my story. couldn't die was me. i felt i had to bring back surpass tarley nights. his family history is also part of the museum watches because 2 of her relatives names were on oscar schindler's list. her father moses here on the left. and her uncle henrich, survived the holocaust. being on that list save their lives. i am the memorial candle, so i am carrying the memory off the family. and i'm very, very proud that this a center in a way is a legacy is a legacy project to the family members that were murdered. those that survived

a passion for, for history. but the passion for learning from history, understanding history and learning from it for this tale nights is a recipient of the 2020 to go to metal. that was our, it's 21 with some new perspectives on remembrance, cold turkey. good bye for now. and see you next time ah ah with

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