[000:00:00;00] hey, ah, every charity begins with the 1st step and every language with the 1st word i learned from the cook. rico is in germany to learn german. why not learn with him? it's simple online, on your mo bile and free to shop. t w's e learning course, nico speak, german made easy. ah ah, he sees just in the history books. it is very much patch of us.

we remember for us to refer to shape our future. when we say never again, we have to mean it was when it's to the problem with today's culture of remembrance is that we embraced jews to the point that they can't breathe. germany is once again debating how it deals with its nazi past. and the issues of guilt, remembrance, and responsibility. should there be more focus on other dark chapters in history? is the culture of remembrance, changing. and if so, how we had to south africa where museum is exploring parallels between european and african history. we also go to israel,

where the younger generation has re thinking the way the holocaust is remembered. but we saw the show in germany, a country that thought he had learned how to come to terms with its past. but his now realizing that it's an ongoing process with me in november 1938 anti semitism, took a violent turn throughout germany, nazi's burned down synagogues, plundered jewish homes and stores and murdered many in the ensuing holocaust. the showa, in hebrew, millions of jews were killed. remembering these victims and acknowledging the countries historical guilt for the crimes committed under national socialism is a fact of life in germany. the nation has faced up to this dark chapter in its history. it's been a rocky journey fraught with hurdles,

but the holocaust is central to the country's culture of remembrance. buses without um finances. so i like the fact that it's clear that we keep the past alive, and when you look to other countries, you soon realize the culture of remembrance of upholstery shane's crimes can't be taken for granted. my aunt said, this duty helps us learn how important it is to also keep others memories alive. can view lanham vista of both of the document on the look for the month. about 22000000 people in germany have a migrant background. meaning one him for like he doesn't identify with the countries historical guilt but nazi crimes. and that changes how people look back on history. now of a spotlight is shifting to another murky chapter. europe's long ignored crimes during the colonial era. germany is struggling to confront its responsibility of a button on the up impulse to afford lang when it comes to sweeping colonial crimes

under the carpet. all the former colonial powers have the same attitude and germany is no exception. i english and spanish, ohio tone english kind of like annette. they won't admit anything until there's no way around it. and they string along the victims for as long as possible cause or long a him be snarky, but wait. ready on to the germans praised for how admirably they deal with their dark past with. ready ready no other country in the world has faced its past, so encouragingly declared jewish philosopher susan nyman in 2020 does not only apply to the holocaust to the nazis crimes top all other crimes against humanity. it's a controversial question. why does guilt for nazi crimes play such a key role for germans? how do they face the historical truth? and how are they now trying to been shut down new paths? venosity fog, when it comes to the question, how can we get young people with

a migrant background interested in the shower? it's 1st important to change our choice of words. home phone is that some say they're not interested because it's not their history, but that for the fundamental misunderstanding to view the show of german history or instead of human kinds history, i've done thought the question always implies that it doesn't interest them, but that's not true. the stupid sap. a newer cima wants to promote understanding for a mr. boost awareness by asking simple questions as to what does the holocaust have to do with me? and why are we talking about in the home didn't get over in his rule as museum director, i knew lovey tackles anti semitic stereotypes and jewish self images good by edison's with all these topics. it's always about the past and the present. the question is always, what do people want to see? what do they want to have confirmed?

how far are they willing to venture on to another pass? ah, shallow to be demand has written a book whose title translates as understanding the pain of others. it explores how we deal with historical crimes as showered awful. i look at the ideas we have about victims. how can we establish empathy with victims and their descendants? one yet. and why is our empathy often so unequally distributed? ah, the demon visited the site of human rights violations and not just in europe, she meant victims of atrocities and their descendants. i'm she views the holocaust in the context of what she referred to as a global universal memory. probably the thorny asked question. she asks concerns

empathy, which victims and historical crimes evoke empathy in us. but it helped us in fights for me say about i've noticed myself that i tend to feel more empathy for victims of national socialism than for colonial victims. had to put us not to nozzle. i don't like that reaction, but that's just the way it is. how they can assure infant about us. it's a result of various influences of pike women to tune. now a lot of eda man was born in germany 9 years after national socialism ended. her father was a member of the party. he kept silent about his nazi past. like most people as if was i'm to dispose sean, i think at some point it's too late to have the talk. families should have about the topic and but what's new to day i think is that today's racism,

anti semitism and a fall right crimes. and making young people ask new questions, like, what are you doing? pardon? what a hell victim muscle, what are you doing to help bring the perpetrators to jumpstart? was likely upon more people are asking what can be done, but of course, against the backdrop of what happened here in the past. i, when i'm truly put afforded doesn't buffy. i'm a procedure undeserved. a lurched and for. yeah. i know. you know, google inebriation crossed i enough from often from like november. no it's not that often dice ish, will that ask? avoided for not united with phillotson and bond restrict lesbian and memorial in the lavette social assaye in berlin. since 1960 but a monument wasn't built until 50 years after the bloody pock romeus targeting jews . it's a reminder of how the nazis used the synagogue as a site to round up juice for deputation. from here they were loaded into trucks or

forced to walk to the freight train station sometimes at night and sometimes in broad daylight with every one watching the holocaust vall, i'm the holocaust was a crime that involved countless people should be often in the places where jews lived for the lord, it was a crime that many profited from him. he's one of the people looted from their neighbors. i'm. most importantly, however, his boss was that this wasn't just a mass murder of people to put a symbolic murder. the systematic, he planned extermination of the jews of europe. germany railey historian, danina calls it a rupture in civilization. the nazis called it the final solution. thus planning klamath with you guys come on top of the database, 2000 mention of i'mma is like that target ever

months have once diesel with ella i think i in the final solution. i don't, i ashmond, sentenced to death in israel, in 1961. in germany. those responsible for the crime that outfits stood trial for the 1st time in 1963. the trial took place thanks to the efforts of attorney, general fitz bower. persevering in the face of a germany that largely wanted to forget the shame of its nazi past and against a web of intrigues within the german post war justice system. to day immemorial in frankfort commemorates his fight for a member id. is d, additional did hold. he was not only concerned with the holocaust, it wasn't just about him as a jewish emigrant himself knew. it wasn't just about the crimes against the jews.

he was just as concerned with the crimes against cynthia and roma g o from he was concerned with the rehabilitation of deserters. but he also wanted to assess the world war for what it was fostered, an illegal war of aggression and injustice creek. and so he always had the bigger picture and mind mc germans only grasped the full extent of the holocaust. in 1979. when mobbing chomsky many theories, holocaust hit tv screens, it unleashed long buried feelings and repressed memories and made it impossible to look away from nazi tara and how it to a family's apart. what is his cry? what does he done? said the, it's you don't want these scenes were suddenly in every living room in germany and people started rethinking german identity and the holocaust holocaust. the series was designed to trigger exactly bad us the trigger. and the broadcast reacted quickly and that it senses and realized this development needed to be backed up

this award winning documentary to picks the socio political background and explosive atmosphere in germany following the broadcast of holocaust. in 1979, only cuba foot ost talem, mom. i need greg noticed that a study kind siena alst via bump, man, like after in spent at ortiz, me to one must to send us copeland's to swiss francs. acted as if students wanted your fish nuggets. i am got an exposure dump. faucet isn't down lager, and it rots in cuba. gumps feler spring, nodded. suddenly, the whole nation was talking about the enormity of the nazis crimes. finding new ways to make history immediate unknown from it for the future. saba nor cima read the diary of anne frank as a child with her parents own experience is as refugees from pakistan in mind. today,

she advises the government undeveloped concepts for the prevention of racist and anti semitic violence. of the candidates, as does the core, i dare is that young people should empower themselves if i should frame their own opinions, share their experiences and understand that their story too can be relevant or important to columbus. luxurious to live on thank whatever it is like. and frank diary made her a symbolic figure in the history of the holocaust. the learning lab at the anne frank educational center in frankfort invites guests to interact with her story under 92 experiences and perspectives of young people to day. education can have a decisive influence on how history is remembered, yon. and through this of course, what we learn in school is important to developing a culture of remembrance of what we remember. and what i'm don't is ultimately derived from our education fis has sparked to more recent discussion about gym and

colonialism. the crimes committed in the colonial era all still badly addressed in history lessons. why is so little attention paid to the victims of genocide such as in former german south west africa all the crimes of colonialism, overshadowed by holocaust remembrance. it's a sensitive question and the polarizing one. and it's for me to name that one really important lesson from the showa. it's that you must never so people's fates into hierarchies. germany's culture of remembrance was years in the making. decades of research and schools have solidly entered it in mainstream society, keeping the memory if the holocaust alive remain is a challenge. not just in germany. mm. ah. in israel,

remembrance is also being reconsidered now that the last holocaust survivors are dying, their grandchildren and great grandchildren are moving. we used to remember the past without them televi israel 2022 on an autumn afternoon, 2 generations are coming together. hannah mancha and sharon went us, they were involved in the initiative to caron bus alone, remembrance in the living room, which brings holocaust survivors together with young israelis in a private setting. that that they, they are is that we are doing it together. we're thing together. we're listening with 1st we listen and then we share and then we talk. and the columbus fell on the purpose is not to remember for the sake of remembering, we remember for us to repair, to shape our future. when we say never again, we have to minute hannah, mocha is 99 years old. she survived the treat in start ghetto, forced labor and the ocean,

its concentration camp. she shares her experiences and meetings with younger generations held around the world and also online. oh for service, as a beetle need to understand what happened massive so they can prevent it from ever happening again this the daily, they need to understand that things that appear to be minor can result in terrible things like that life. people think it can never happen again. that many forgets and seek or, and boss alone helps them understand how people act back then i say yeah, the active on assume it now all recall and about him hell, the future of holocaust remembrance is also a central concern at the out vashem israel. holocaust memorial in jerusalem, which opened in 1953 escaped jets to day. and israel, there are very, very few young people who are able to hear from their grandparent's 1st hand about

what happened back then by. in other words, soon the eye witnesses will no longer be able to speak to us directly. there are fewer and fewer legal that has major implications because that means that a very natural connection to the subject. namely through one's grandma grandpa is disappearing. vic fit the hall of names and yet for him, a place of remembrance for the 6000000 jews who were systematically murdered. in the name of nancy ideology, the museum's goal is to use documents, personal possessions and survivors. testimonies to convey to future generations. what happened the international school for holocaust studies is also a part of yard for him. an educational institution for teaching the history of the sure confidence changes in the culture of remembrance are underway here as well. again, this is a nice little favors and i've seen the thing we have to understand that is really,

society is very, very mixed. they say that it is a very heterogeneous society. are you in israel about half of the jews, and israel are of european ancestry. ash, canarsie, jews, others have their roots in iraq, north africa, and yemen. and for them there may be a cultural bond or a national bond through israel, but not necessarily a biographical one. these are you shipping all of a knish, omitting of your graph issue? it is the 3rd and 4th generations in particular that are being impacted by these changes. here at the school estella who trends young students studying to be teachers. 6 years ago, estelle decided to make a lawyer and emigrate from germany to israel. as it's from n and family and so on the one hand we are getting further and further away from the events of the holocaust ellis as well. and of course, and israel, we already geographically distant from the places where the holocaust took place and had the places where the family histories existed before the persecution of the

holocaust stack of one ham. some. on the other hand, the family connections are just not as strong as they were for the 2nd generation. weatherford, it's fighting a nazi on the future of commemoration is also a concern at zacharon bas alone, 10 years ago when it was 1st initiated by a younger generation, it was still small. but a d, it has almost gruen into an institution itself. and being given a place among official commemorations now to johannesburg, south africa, where studying european history is helping young people come to terms with their own country's experience of violence and depression. the south african metropolis of johannesburg. at the heart of the sprawling cityscape is the holocaust genocide center. its founder and executive director is tarley knights who was born in israel in 1961. the historian has lived in south

africa for nearly 4 decades. she's dedicated her life to this project. it was never a museum come while don't engage in any more. we wanted people to come again in again, visit temporary exhibitions, visit our resource thing to come to events come to phil's, come to dialogues, engage that was very important to me personally into all of us tolley nights and her team spent a decade planning, collecting donations, and networking the center opened in 2019 and became part of johannesburg. cultural life architect lewis levine, drew up his design, in consultation with survivors of the show her and the genocide. in rwanda, it's architecture that makes the history more tangible. the railway lines are embedded in rock and stone. they are not parallel, they are going to the sky and the railway lines symbolized journeys,

journeys of the holocaust beyond julie's of general fine journeys of oppression at suffering. journeys of modernity that brings progress, but all sole pain. since the 19th century south africa has been home to the largest jewish community in all of africa. but this place of remembrance is not just for them. it's also for the post to parties, nation as a home and young people, especially. so why do you choose them to tell? are the histories because in the country that suffered from a very painful past. and he still struggling with that past off colonialism off racism of apartheid. it's very difficult for us to actually speak about ourselves. everything in our minds is translated through our own history. it is easier in a way to have another entry point. roughly 30 years after the end of apartheid,

the chasm between rich and poor is still very evident. reconciling a divide is a mammoth task for south africa's democracy. with children, the racial and the honoring policies that were created by the nazis have resemblance to a bought of dave laws in south africa in i'll be very honest with you or south africa still struggling with racism and inequality infects i'll africa is now most unequal. country in the world which so a lot of that is between the different races. so there's a reality, we can't deny that. and so when kids come through this center, it's an opportunity to speak about that. and to address that. since the way the violence against african migrants in 2000 a night, conflicts continue to flare up xenophobia and racism. a themes that the center aims

to tackle together with students and teachers like mumsy melinda from red hill high school. my parents did tell me about a part in what they went through and is so see some of those things. you know, when i teach my kids about my students about a potted, i make them look around the immediate environment and say to them, what do you see? that is the legacy of a potted, in other wits way? is the evidence of those things. so it's very, very important that they make those connections and also to see that history is not just in the history books. it is very much a part of us history. that's not just in books, like these pieces of clothing, for example. they belong to people from the tootsie minority in rwanda, brutally murdered. in 1994, the violence was stoked by racist propaganda on the radio. a genocide in heart of africa. since then it's been crystal clear to tarley nights. it's essential to fight against hatred, indifference,

and silence. rwanda was always the, it had to be the, this outburst of violence, deadly deadly violence is really important to speak about how quickly things can happen. how quickly, almost a 1000000 people can be killed. you do not need to build an arch with, you can just heal with your hands with machetes with grenades with knives. and i think for us in south africa, who wonder, more than other cases of jail site is the most important case. to the center works with volunteers like irina class, born in 1931. she experienced nazi brutality as a child in poland. here and now she tells her story. ah, from 9 years onwards i lived was my mother,

my uncle and my grand mother. one small room in the warsaw ghetto sinks were not easy at all because i had to almost grow up over night for many years. i couldn't talk about my experiences by my story. couldn't die was me. i felt i had to bring back surpass tarley nights. his family history is also part of the museum. what? because 2 of her relatives names were on oscar schindler's list. her father moses here on the left. and her uncle henrich, survived the holocaust. being on that list save their lives. i am the memorial candle, so i am carrying the memory off the family. and i am very, very proud that this a center in a way is a legacy, is

a legacy project to the family members that were murdered. those that survived a passion for, for history, but the passion for learning from history, understanding history and learning from it for this tally nights is a recipient of the 2020 to go to metal. that was our it's 21 with some new perspectives on remembrance. cold turkey. good bye for now and see you next time. ah ah ah,

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truth starts february 18th on d w. b. ah ah, ah. ah, this is dave dublin years live from bud lane. grief in pakistan is a suicide bombing claims more than 80 lives in a mosque inside the police compound. most of the hospitalized all police officers,