in tech, as our documentary series founders, valley foliage africa. to meet the founders, empowerment their continent through digital innovation. transforming work and health and living conditions in their country, and inspiring the world with their ideas. under valley africa started february 13th on the w with large or small on land or in the seats. all living organisms are a link in the chain of life cooperating to survive and maintain ecosystems. but

thousands of species up threatened by human activity, including some we've taken for granted for long and now need our help to survive. hello and welcome to eco india. i'm sons that i we sought in southern india with a tiny mamma called them a drop hedgehog, locally as a pony rat. the animal survives primarily on in 6, and such is a natural ally of farmers. but in recent decades, its population have suffered a dramatic decline. we met a conservationist who's working to bring them back from the brink. the wrong back. you've got a very cute, know how this keeps dancing, but haven't come out of talking about this tiny mom and the my doesn't hug. and he's right doesn't he? it is pretty cute. it plays him important to maintain

a healthy, closer to like keeping insight populations under control. unfortunately though, with every passing decade, its numbers are rapidly declining. i mean, i don't know, but that under species has faced local extinction across 32 places in law. recently on the last saw he talks 5 years ago in good. i'm glad i'm reverend come out of my life. who has been gathering information on my does a job of 18 districts and another. his contribution journey began in 2012 during his 1st encounter with them at a time for you. how could i go to look at it and see that it looks like a small cushion while i talk about, is this what it is on the one? what will it approach me at the main and i sit down next to it and i made my decision. i made this map bose because i felt an urge to protect this patient in the time the mendez had told them to make the southern india and is one of the 17 species of hedgehogs in the entire world. to do my next question to mid agent, but i went in a soviet of the nation fee and service during the day and for 2 weeks at night.

article and little by doesn't differ a yes made of shrubs or dense trees. opened das lands like this on its natural habit. naslund saw the natural hybridity for in the martinez. like these have changed over the past 3040 years. okay. bite is subject to people's changing needs for roads and g. plantation. events like a martyr about ridden per day. constant change. this animal has nowhere to go and has faced local extension in those places such an etiquette, the very roads that got through these glass lamp also end up being a threat to head talks. they walk on to the road and lay there to observe as much heat as possible. this ident baskin heat ends up with numerous hedgehogs being run all of a vacant lemma. legally, hedgehogs are highly sensitive, even the tears the slightest sound. even the drop of a pin, what does it do? it quickly disdains itself and goes up into a ball. listen, abandon what items, what the head talks is of the defense mechanism, human t as a weakness. and the best way to understand how when weight is hunted,

is to reach out to people directly. i am not only are you in the book of revenue regularly conduct service as a part of visitors to help and gather evidence from people. moving is had oxford medicine, san yes, the ourselves have used it for children and when my father had issues with his piles, we burned it spines on gold and he, in here the smoke 9, many with his people have hunted, fall, and eaten. he talks, not only do they do this in your town, yes, they catch and eat them all, but they usually come together in dues or 3 as a group. one. yes, the little ones ran away, but we got the big one was done. they only allow her to give it to the boy alonzo nipple. see that he choked. looks beautiful. let's stick one in goldy much. but if to do that, the others and little ones that are dependent on that family are done with their lives are all working with the list of threats mentioned so far as from humans alone, for the species with an average lifespan of just 3 to 5 years. ensuring of survival

under such circumstances as an impossible dusk. but robin believes the best place to start us with the younger generation. what a lot do we have to have in this programs in over a 100 schools so far as alady marketplace is where he talks are available on google maps and choose schools in the are those locations wondering look i, when i sort of it off, i think it why do people have superstitions back in the days? people held on to beliefs like if i eat this animal, my disease will be cured up. i mean, even though hunting as a concept no longer exist on their suppositions, what has not left them when it comes to in working a sense of urgency in my live contribution making an impact at a community level is a much harder task than conducting programs in schools, but i've been collaborates with don't i, it's an organizers bob rituals, doing world locals in the conservation process. and what other than a powerful storytelling technique to glass people's attention for

the ah, or this is what they call a more lily. do you know what people do? they hunt for it and are destroying it. yet they are the only do, but it united fine. instead of conveying it as a boarding scientific subject, if we presented in other fun viii the, the real fact i love the, are able to understand it easily. while working with the locals. bravo emphasizes on how in fact the sites are detrimental to the survival of her talks, as they are predominantly infect towards. and but evans, with a being of what type holds out a farm, was friendly, eat insects that protect our crops. beneficial for farming the little and then to get all those don't get your head talks, just leave them be and let them do produce on the bottom. i don't know what it was . i saw hedgehog, people wonder why i carefully placed it in

a cavity under their program. so they also, so i like the do. so the number doesn't want to call the local participation in predicting small mammals adjustment doesn't talk is nothing short of a necessity. but to make an impact on ground, and it's just like grabbing the clerical ignition from stakeholders who are in a position of power when almost an hour. if i say, i wish to do research and he talks and have a proposal ready, how can you give me some funds getting choked? it becomes a block for them on them. so only if i try some 15 or 20 times one or to dance, get accepted. 50 grands and got cryptography balance that says combined with input from volunteers are social media. i show the presence of a job in 400 places across 23 districts. and tom and he believes there's more to be done as a my does have drug isn't listed under any ship in the violence prediction act of india. in fact, the world's largest in network, the international union for conservation of nature,

has still listed the message as a species of these cancer. and one of the main reasons is because that isn't enough data. if you fill out the opinion that large animals are more important than smaller ones, water important point, my good on the are all dependent on each other. so he talks are important as the plea kim, on an important role in the food chain which and the level of under blevins goal is to create a contribution action plan for small mammals adjustment after talk show the local and national government institutions to gather more data and continue communicating with the public to meet someone out of favor space for well, ah, the in the river dolphin proved to be a master of survival. 50000000 years ago when to see it inhabited, dried up, adapted to the rivers that would only be meaning habitat. only more recently to become one of the was most threatened mammals. i report, i took

a look at the challenges facing this very animal in focused on ah, the in this is one of the longest on the ition subcontinent. it's been home to read industry of a dolphin. for centuries. spoil here in pakistan, nevada. we'd need love to watch them dive me, but i did about 30 dolphins in this bad idea. when the water level is low, it becomes easier to support them in the slow moving water. your body may have come to you and the colonial cur barrage has 7. can that indicate millions of acres of food and cash crops in sin province? nas mcdonny grew up here. as a boy, he and his father joined the dolphin rescue operations

and in delight, 100 seventies, he assisted italian naturalists, georgia clarity, and as to search on in the raised my father. knowledge about the animal cane down the body may have the mom for peter t and get yana in the local language. cindy industry dolphins are known as dan, also called blind don fence because they rely on the sense of hitting rather than sight navigate the river, sandy water using eco location. if you see photos of them, they actually have the tiny little pinhole. where, where i would normally be it just something that has evolved over time. because if you see that in the, it is very clothing and it's full. and so it actually looks like teeth like china. they use a location so they make noise like to navigate to find out about their

to find fish and the 50 k, so that they don't actually need over the course of maybe they've lost, could use a been i, because they've developed them, which is even better don't than habit it became pigmented to the construction of better i just can finding them to a fraction of their former range. their numbers have dwindled to just to 1000. putting them on the i you see ends read, list of endangered fishes, me dr. santano and his team vote for the sin by life department. they'd ask you dolphins that becomes tended and can as while searching for food. after tricky to ask your patient, data turned the endangered animals to the main to shannon ballet for coffee preferred to bring the dalton up to the surface. so it can take

a breath cause it can only go without oxygen for a short while. sometimes we must move adults and after the rescue and during that time it could have a heart attack. same about that, it would that i school me. don't pins are also accurate from the impacts of climate change and contamination from urban and industrial v. as the effort of local and international conservationists have begun to make a difference in this actually is one of the positive dory will do a mini mini threat despite not the numbers are going on. but i think that needs to be done in terms of controlling the pollution and trying to limit especially the industrial pollution and stuff in the river on the combo and also impacts on equity. busy long term measures i needed to consider the industry was

ecosystem, and biodiversity. and to ensure that it's dolphins don't disappear since they can be found novia. and so not growing up here and moon by. i remember battles floating in and out through the windows of my child, who though the one of the most common animals in the world should india battles have become harder to sport me to cities, towns or the countryside. conservation is sim, denny has come up with a solution to boost their numbers, and it's not just the buzz who can benefit. you mean, you know, you say that or my god, the pharaohs because we all know all over the place. sometimes the most common birds are the ones that are the ones that just as a feel completely. randy law is an author of children's books who lament the lord

is a parent of the friendly house battle. but it was nice to my balcony, to fathom 2 families of a journey fighting like the football better. somebody husband is, i think somebody is his wife and they're fighting. who is it? is it the light amusing to watch? but all that they've disappeared. spatter have severely declined, especially in towns and cities across the world, which is a cause for concern. report suggests that generally up to 80 percent of birds have vanished from some urban areas of the country and even gone locally extinct in others. ecologist so his mother and points out a few reasons for this by those like living close to human beings. in the time of recent history, we were living in houses which would accessible. it was not a condition died living not so much pollution,

so you we were not so separated with outside world and battle have access inside the houses to make new there are 2 other big problems as towns and cities don't have green flying around like they used to and packaging has improved, spirals cannot feed on what might have fallen on the ground. a bigger killer might be pesticides used around the city. these chemicals have killed off insects. the main food source was paddle chicks. so the areas are insects be startled, the others battled doesn't have high rubin ditch food to feed to the chicks. but the chicks are going up. they eat up the massive amounts of food and this have food has to be related by the parents. i'd gotten smith's paddles small as they are out, an incredibly important part of the ecosystem. they feed on insects and act as

a natural pest control to, as their numbers have declined. in some areas, insect numbers have increased and crops can be at risk level. cascading effect to the ecosystem. do we have an example of angina? degraded, of, mean? and then there was rewards for killing battles. and then there was massive shortage in $340.00 of the massive shortage of greens. so the ecosystem disconnected. so they had food shortages because they started getting sparrows. but a few box in delhi are putting in the effort to support the birds, the goody monday. safety for us in eas, daily's, one since 2022. the daily, for us department has been working on around one and a half acres of forest here, creating a unique quote for the little bird. good idea, graham, as it is called drunk leads to a village. what house battles? but the battles. dude, a few instinct hotels. these are such as with the baldwin,

we induced in 6 to make their whole. and this is a ready supply of insects for breeding. a sparrows which are bleeding in the nest that we have made with battles need space to fly over short distances. and the thief bes here gives them the chance to also fly from good. i as ramp to the fringes of the city outside. another is the avenue biodiversity park on the other side of delhi, where around 40 acres of forest land has been turned into us battle guns of eatery . this is the one of the glass species are the dates of the hospitals depend upon there, there in the pollen seats and sometimes they feed on the typical grass. go on the parts also of disguised species. so they provide a very good motel for the full metal of the hospitals. dr. hussain is

a my life ecologist at the park who is in charge of providing specials with what they need, including food and shelter, plus barrow, the same adamant bird. and then claire got on a paradox in the urban or the why lord defaulted hybrids. so we have given this space for them as a semi or been a hospitals where you have the feeling divided the request and the building a space. here. do you have the building or devices? so did they got on foot board? the things they thought of i did a graph, the level of dead i like to spend over the last 15 years, dr. hussain says, the house battle population has been growing locally. at the beginning. they were confined in pockets, but today they can be cited all over the park. the park also has, was agnes. so in their category within. so there will be fairly, so they're improving and it really were many good. listen i'm,

i learned about this mcgill. 4 i've seen 201 time in buckets. not too heavy dad's in urban ford is our vital interventions in cities that are rapidly modernizing. it will take a continued effort from initiated like these, before the battle truly becomes our friendly neighborhood again. well, no doubt. those sparrows will enjoy a tasty one, but in many places it's an underground treat that's not so easy to find. it also insemination and contamination or destroying soil, fertility threatening not just of one population, but also our food security. our next report show how my crew can help rebels, the damage one to your duty basically is destroying the soil and now and not renewable. christina cruise specializes in the interactions between

plants, soil, and microbes. what we have been doing so far in the last 2 and the navy e d. u soil out at the strike to grow plan. we've been under valuing them and expecting them to stay healthy, but tilling over using chemicals and climate change, or harming or soil. this is a problem for growing food, as well as resources for clothing in construction. soil is also key to storing carbon and filtering water to make cells healthy again, we need to start seeing them as what they are. entire ecosystems, teaming with hidden life all run by my groups. a healthy soil will have a diversity of microbes. the most common ones are bacteria and fungi. one of their most important jobs is transforming nutrients. every single nutrition cycle on the planet is mostly driven by mars. jennifer wood has

a background in soil microbial ecology and studies how microbes affect ecosystems. none of these cycles that really exist in a vacuum. they all into linked. one of those nutrients cycles is with carbon. plants and animals are made mostly of carbon. and when they die, they're broken down by micros. no microbes, no decomposition, another nutrient cycle. athens of nitrogen, which makes them most of the air around us and is one of the main new transplants used to grow. plants can't get it from the air by themselves, so they partner with microbes, microbes, specifically fungi, also exchange other nutrients of plants. they have a very fine routes called hifi. the intertwined themselves with the roots of the plant. a fungus is really good at releasing things like phosphorus, phosphate from. so the plastic. so it does that an exchanges that were in return with things like sugars which the crack and make 3 photosynthesis. there's also

some evidence this relationship makes the plant more able to withstand drought and disease in a degraded soil. these new chain cycles aren't working as well as they could be. climate change is one cause of degrading soils with drought and extreme weather, causing them to dry out and a road intensive. agriculture can be another cause as pesticides, and irv asides kill off beneficial microbes and reduce their activity. the more degraded soil is the more chemicals are needed to grow stuff degrading this while even further. even though different parts of the world have very different soils, one thing all degraded agricultural souls have been comment is that they're susceptible to disease. degraded soils also lose their ability to hold in filter water are more susceptible to erosion and have less of those beneficial microbes, meaning plants don't grow as well. but soil health is about more than just our food security, boil communities, and so health is actually the foundation of all ecosystems, but natural and man,

hey, if the foundation of something crumbles, everything else comes tumbling down. no till agriculture, leave soil undisturbed, which allows the microbes living inside the clamps to thrive. specifically those fund guy, high feet, which are important for soil structure. there can be a kilometer of them and a gram of soil and cover crops planted to leave in the ground, provide micros of carbon to chow down on, as well as reduce erosion and nutrient los well and encourages those fungal microbes to grab. it can also be made into a liquid fertilizer. this compost, he concentrates microbes into a form that can be sprayed on fields. unfortunately, this kind of farming just isn't possible everywhere. you can do it. that's fantastic. ease, warped, we warms, but the ball room. mm hm. did vast the mountain areas where the soil, we sell the grady they, these techniques are multi. now you can recover the soil in your time.

here's room microbes come in on a larger scale. the most common use is, is bio fertilizers. they're used like chemical base fertilizer, except they contain fungi or bacteria. a problem with commercial microbial products is that the microbes are not specifically adapted to environment. non native microbes could find it hard to survive, rendering the process useless. and because these are living organisms, they could cause an imbalance in the micro biome. lucy's sampling, we, we really have to do taking close to duration, especially a league foul john lucas, this brad foster and they are maurice teaching t. thank. since soils are different around the world, we would ideally develop microbial products for specific regions, but that will take time and more research. unfortunately, our soil health is an emergency. we are going to need it because we actually cover

soils in the seas. the cheapest way to do recovery because we are covering them while we are up maintaining productivity to for large farms, bio fertilizers are a step above chemicals and where possible. agriculture that relies on helping native my groups like on this farm is the way to go. human beings are the top of the food chin. this position comes with responsibility. it falls upon us to maintain the balance in our ecosystem. if it don't stop over using the resources we've been provided and refused to stepping to protect species who are while notable nature will have to step in. we're already seeing this happen in many parts of the world. think about what you can do to course correct before it's too late. i'll see you again next week. good bye. and thanks for watching. ah,

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davinci, mysterious masterpiece. this perhaps the greatest leonardo masterpiece and the collection of the louvre and no, it is not the mona lisa. it is the virgin of the rocks, 2 versions, multiple copies, and a hidden drawing. was there another symbolic meaning to this beautiful painting that perhaps we just don't understand? the search for answers start to february 10th on d, w ah

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