ah, this perhaps the greatest leonardo masterpiece and the collection of the louvre and no, it is not the mona lisa. it is the virgin of the rocks, 2 versions, multiple copies, and a hidden drawing. was there another symbolic meaning to this beautiful painting that perhaps we just don't understand today? search for answers start to february 10th on d. w. ah . lodge a small on land or in the seat. all living organisms on a link in the chain of life cooperating to survive and maintain ecosystems. but

thousands of species up threatened by human activity, including some we've taken for granted for long and now need our help to survive. hello and welcome to eco, india. i'm sons that i we sought in southern india with a tiny mammal called the ma drops hedgehog locally as a pony rat. the animal survives primarily on in 6 and as such, is a natural ally of farmers. but in recent decades, its population have suffered a dramatic decline. we met a conservationist who's working to bring them back from the brink. the wrong. thank you. very cute. no that keeps dancing, but haven't come out of talking about this tiny mamma. the my doesn't tug. and he's right, isn't he? it is pretty cute. it plays an important role in maintaining a healthy, closer to like keeping in the population under control. unfortunately,

the, with every passing decade its numbers are rapidly declining. i mean, i don't know, but that species have faced local extinction across 32 places in some, in larger, recently on the last saw he talks 5 years ago and revenue come out of my life who has been gathering information on them and does a child of 18 districts and his contribution journey began in 2012 during his 1st encounter with them and as a job for you, how could i go to look at it and see that it looks like a small cushion while i talk about is this what it is and then what will it approach me at the main and i sit down next to it and i made my decision. i made this map bose because i felt an urge to protect this patient in the family. the mendez had chosen to make the southern india and there's one of the 17 species of hedgehogs in the entire world to do my next question to mit agent. but i went in the field service during the day and for the late at night article

a little by doesn't differ a years made of shrubs or dense trees opened grass lands like this on its natural habit. roslyn felt a natural heavy duty. st. martinez, like these have changed over the past 3040 years. welcome by the subject to people's changing needs for roads and g. plantation event and took a market about written for day constant change. this animal has nowhere to go and has faced local extension in those places such an etiquette, the very roads that got through these glass lamp also end up being a threat to her talks. they walk on to the road and lay there to observe as much heat as possible. this advent of asking heat ends up with numerous hedgehogs being run all of a vacant lemma. legally, hedgehogs are highly sensitive, even the tears the slightest sound. even the drop of a pin, what does it do? it quickly disdained itself and goes up into a ball. listen abundant. what items, what the head talks is of the defense mechanism, human t, as a weakness. and the best way to understand how when weight is hunted, is to reach out to people directly. i am not only are you in the book of revenue

regularly conduct service as a part of visitors to help and gather evidence from people. had oxford medicine, san yes, the ourselves have used it for children and when my father had issues with his piles, we burned it spines on gold and he in here the smoke 9, many with his people have hunted fall and eaten. he talks, not only do they do this in your town, yes, they catch and eat them all, but they usually come together in dues or 3 as a group. one, yes, the little ones ran away, but we got the big one which only only allow her to give it to the boy alonzo. people see that he choked. looks beautiful. let's stick one in goldy much. but if they do that, the others and little ones that are dependent on that family are done with their lives or working with the list of threats mentioned so far as from humans alone, for the species with an average lifespan of just 3 to 5 years. ensuring of survival under such circumstances as an impossible dusk. but robin believes the best place

to start is with the younger generation. what a lot do we have in this programs in over a 100 schools so far as alady marketplace is where he talks are available on google maps and choose schools in the are those locations wondering look i, when i go to crop thinking good, why do people have superstitions back in the days, people held on to beliefs like if i eat this animal, my disease will be cured up. i mean, even though hunting as a concept no longer exists, there suppositions what has not left them. when it comes to in working a sense of urgency in my live contribution making an impact at a community level is a much harder task than conducting programs in schools. but i've been collaborates with don't i? it's an organizers bob rituals do involve locals in the conservation process. and what other than a powerful storytelling technique to glass people's attention for

the ah, this is what they call a more lily. do you know what people do? they hunt for it and are destroying it. yet they are the only do, but you know fine. instead of conveying it as a boarding, scientific subject, if we presented in our fun. ve the real facts i love the are able to understand it easily while working with the locals. bravo, emphasis on how insect the sites are detrimental to the survival of her talks as they are predominantly infect towards and but i'm going to put up being nice homes at a farm was friendly, eat insects that protect our crops. beneficial for farming the little and then for the to get all those don't get your kids hedgehog just leave them be and let them do produce on the bottom. i don't know what it was. i saw a hedgehog. people wonder why i carefully placed it in

a cavity under their program. so they also so i like the do. so the number doesn't want to call the local participation in predicting small mammals adjustment as a talk is nothing short of a necessity but to make an impact on ground. and it's just like the clerical mission from stakeholders who are in a position of power the most. i know if i say i wish to do research and he talks and have a proposal ready. how can you give me some funds? the thing talks it becomes a block for them on them, so only if i try some 15 or 20 times one or to dance, get accepted, 50 grand magog cryptography balance that says combined with input from volunteers are social media. i show the presence of a job in 400 places across 23 districts and he believes there's more to be done as a my does. hatcher isn't listed under any show you in the violent addiction of india. in fact, the world's largest environment cement works. the international union for conservation of nature has still listed the matter a joke as

a species of these cancer. and one of the main reasons is because that isn't enough data. you fill out the opinion that large animals are more important than smaller ones. both important point my good on the are all dependent on each other. so he talks are important as the plea kim and important role in the food chain, which and the level one of fungus blevins goal is to create the contribution action plan for small mammals adjustment. after talk, they show the local and national government institutions to gather more data and continue communicating with the public to make them in a safe space. well well, ah, the in this river dolphin proved to be a master of survival. 50000000 years ago. when the c inhabited, dried up, adapted to the river, that was only the meaning habitat. only more recently to become one of the was most threatened mammals. a reporter took a look at the challenges facing this very animal in pakistan. ah,

the in this is one of the longest on the ition subcontinent. it's been home to read in the civil dolphins for centuries. in pakistan. nadine, we'd need love to watch them dive in me, but i did about 30 dolphins in this bad idea. when the water level is low, it becomes easier to support them in the slow moving water. your body may have come to you on the colonial. that's a corvette raj has 7 that indicate millions of acres of food and cash crops. and since province nasdaq mcdonny grew up here. as a boy, he and his father joined dolphin rescue operations and

into 900 seventy's. he assisted italian naturalist, georgia of clarity. and as to search on industry over dolphins, the enemy he minute micro vote when he bought a vehicle. i was 8 years old at the time when my father had milady. in his research on the dog family, he praised my father did knowledge about the animal, came down, the body may have some mom for peter p and get yana in the local language. cindy industry were dolphins, known as tan, also called blind dolphins, because they rely on the sense of hitting, rather than sight de, navigate the river than the water using eco location. if you see photos of them, they actually have the tiny little pinhole. where, where i would normally be it just something that has evolved over time. because if

you see that in the is very soft serving and it's full impediment. so it actually looks like teeth like china, location. so they make noise like click to navigate, to find out about their environment to find an additional 50 k, so that they don't actually need over the course of maybe it was a lot to use. i because they develop tentative system, which is even dolphins. habitat became pigmented through the construction of beverages, confining them to a fraction of their former range. their numbers have dwindled to just to 1000. putting them on the i you see ends read, list of endangered fishes. me dr. santano and his team vote for the sin by like department. they had ask you dolphins that becomes tended and can as while

searching for food. after tricky to ask your patient, data turned the endangered animals to the main to channel and barely focus preferred to bring the dalton up to the surface. so it can take a breath, cause it can only go without oxygen for a short while. sometimes we must move adults and after the rescue and during that time it could have a heart attack. same about that i school me don't. and also at risk from the effects of climate change and contamination from urban and industry. v. as the effort of local and international conservationists have begun to make a difference in this actually is one of the positive story will do many, many threats despite the numbers going on. but i think that needs to be done in terms of controlling pollution and trying to limit especially the

industrial pollution the ends up in the river. this is the time combo and also impacts everybody. long term measures i needed to consider the industry was ecosystem, and biodiversity. and to ensure that it's dolphins don't disappear, since they can be found. novia else are not growing up to moon bite. i remember battles floating in and out through the windows of my childhood. though the one of the most common animals in the world here in india, battles have become harder to sport me to the cities, towns or the countryside. conservation is sim, denny has come up with a solution to boost their numbers, and it's not just the book who can benefit. you mean, you know you to say that or my god, the pharaohs because we all know all over the place. sometimes the most common

birds are the ones that are the ones that just disappear completely. randy law is an author of children's books who lament the lord is a parent of the friendly house battle. but it was nice to my balcony. 2 bed, 2 families of a journey fighting like the football for somebody husband is like somebody as his wife and they're fighting away. it was quite amusing to watch, but also live disappeared. sparrows have severely declined, especially in towns and cities across the world, which is a cause for concern. the poor suggest that generally up to 80 percent of birds have vanished from some urban areas of the country and even gone locally extinct in others. ecologist, so he'll madden points out a few reasons for this by those like living close to june beings in the day,

most recent history we were living at houses which were accessible. it was already conditioned, died leaving not so much pollution so you your, we were not so separated with outside world and those battle had access inside the houses to mignon. there are 2 other big problems as towns and cities don't have green flying around like they used to. and packaging has improved. spirals cannot feed on what might have fallen on the ground. a bigger killer might be pesticides used around the city. these chemicals have killed off insects. the main food source was paddle chicks. so the areas are insect fee battled orders battle doesn't have high row dean, ditch food, to feed to the chicks. but the jacks are going up. they eat up massive amounts of food. and this have food has to be provided by the parents as

beckon gordon smith's battle is small, as they are on an incredibly important part of the ecosystem. they feed on insects and act as a natural pest control to, as their numbers have declined. in some areas, insect numbers have increased and crops can be at risk level cascading effect to the ecosystem. we have an example of angina, degraded, of mean and, and there was rewards for killings, battles. and then there was massive shortage in california is the massive shortage of greens. so the ecosystem is connected. so they had food shortages because they started getting sparrows. but a few box and deli are putting in the effort to support the birds the goody monday . safety for us in eas, daily's, one since 2022. the daily, for us department has been working on around one and a half acres of forest here,

creating a unique quote for the little bird. good idea, graham, as it is called translates to a village, but house battles. but the battles, dude. a few instinct as these are such as will be walden me induced the insects to make their hole. and this is a ready supply of insects for breeding sparrows which are bleeding in the nest that we are made with battles need speed to fly over short distances. and the thief bes here gives them the tans to also fly from good. i yet ramp to the fringes of the city outside. another is the avenue biodiversity park on the other side of delhi, where around 40 acres of forest land has been turned into us battle cans of italy. ringback this is the one of the glass species are the dates of the hospital

depend upon there, there in the pollen seats. and sometimes they feed on the typical glasgow on the parts also of disguised species. so they provide a very good motel for the full model of the hospitals. dr. hussain is a wildlife ecologist at the park who is in charge of providing battles with what they need, including food and shelter, hospital the same edinburgh, and then a clarity caught on a private arts in the album, or the why lord defaulted habitats. so we have given this space for them as the semi urban a hospitals where you have the feeling divided the required and the building a space. how do you have the building or devices? so did they got on foot board? the things they thought of i did a graph of i will of their own life is spent over the last 15 years, dr. hussain says the house battle population has been growing locally at the beginning. they were confined in pockets,

but today they can be cited all over the park. the park also has, was agnes. so if they're going to go to within for they will be fairly, so they're improving and it really were many good rate miss. and i'm wondering about this given i. 4 i've seen hard booth 100 in all of that other one time. natural habitats in open forests are vital interventions in cities that are rapidly modernizing. it will take a continued effort from initiatives like these before the battle truly becomes our friendly neighbor again. well, no doubt. those battles would enjoy a tasty wool, but in many places it's an underground tree that's not so easy to find. it also in salvation and contamination, are destroying soil, fertility threatening, not just op one populations, but also our food security. our next report shows how my crops can help roubles,

the damage one we are doing basically either destroying the soil date is it, and now and not renewable battery source. christina cruise specializes in the interactions between plants, soil, and microbes. what we have been doing so far during the last decade, jawandra years, navy, east genius soils as a substrate to grow plan. we've been under valuing them and expecting them to stay healthy, but tilling over using chemicals and climate change are harming our soils. this is a problem for growing food, as well as resources for clothing and construction. soil is also key to storing carbon and filtering water to make sales healthy again, we need to start seeing them as what they are, entire ecosystems teeming with hidden life. i'll run by my groups. a healthy soil will have a diversity of microbes. the most common ones are bacteria and fungi. one of their

most important jobs is transforming nutrients. every single nutrition cycle on the planet is mostly driven by my. jennifer wood has a background in soil microbial ecology and studies how microbes affect ecosystems. none of these cycles that really exist in a vacuum. they all into linked. one of those nutrients cycles is with carbon. plants and animals are made mostly of carbon. and when they die, they're broken down by micros. no microbes, no decomposition, another nutrient cycle, athens of nitrogen, which makes them most of the air around us and is one of the main new transplants used to grow. plants can't get it from the air by themselves. so they partner with microbes, microbes, specifically fungi, also exchange other nutrients of plants. they have a very fine routes called hifi. the intertwined themselves with the roots of the plant. a fungus is really good at releasing things like phosphorus was fight from

so the plastic. so it does that and exchanges that repair in return with things like sugars which the crack and make 3 photosynthesis. there's also some evidence. this relationship makes the plant more able to withstand drought and disease in a degraded soil. these new chain cycles aren't working as well as they could be. climate change is one cause of degrading soils with drought and extreme weather, causing them to dry out and a road intensive. agriculture can be another cause as pesticides, and irv asides kill off beneficial microbes and reduce their activity. the more degraded soil is the more chemicals are needed to grow stuff degrading this while even further. even though different parts of the world have very different soils, one thing all degraded agricultural souls have been. comment is that they're susceptible to disease. degraded soils also lose their ability to hold and filter water are more susceptible to erosion and have lasses as beneficial microbes,

meaning plants don't grow as well. but soil health is about more than just our food security, boil communities, and so health is actually the foundation of all ecosystems but natural and man, hey, if the foundation of something crumbles, everything else comes tumbling down. no till agriculture, leave soil undisturbed, which allows the microbes living inside the clamps to thrive. specifically those fund guy, high feet, which are important for soil structure. there can be a kilometer of them and a gram of soil and cover crops planted to leave in the ground, provide micros of carbon to chow down on, as well as reduce erosion and nutrient los well and encourages those fungal microbes to grab. it can also be made into a liquid fertilizer. this compost, he concentrates microbes into a form that can be sprayed on fields. unfortunately, this kind of farming just isn't possible everywhere. you can do it. that's

fantastic. ease, warped, we warms, but the ball room. mm hm. did vast and mountain areas where the soil, the celtic grady they, these techniques are multi. now, you can recover the soil in your time. here's room microbes come in on a larger scale. the most common use is, is bio fertilizers. they're used like chemical base fertilizer, except they contain fungi or bacteria. a problem with commercial microbial products is that the microbes are not specifically adapted to environment. non native microbes could find it hard to survive, rendering the process useless. and because these are living organisms, they could cause an imbalance in the micro biome. lucy's sampling, we, we really have june to taking close to duration, especially a league foul john lucas, this brad foster, and they are, maurice de kinsey sank. since soils are different around the world,

we would ideally develop microbial products for specific regions, but that will take time and more research. unfortunately, our soil health is an emergency. we are going to need it because we actually cover soils in the seas. the cheapest way to to recovery because we are covering them while we are maintaining productivity to for large farms. bio fertilizers are a step above chemicals and where possible agriculture that relies on helping native my groups like on this farm is the way to go. human beings are the top of the food chain. this position comes with responsibility. it falls upon us to maintain the balance in our ecosystem. if we don't stop over using the resources we've been provided and refused to stepping to protect species who are well notable nature will have to step in. we're already seeing this happen in many

parts of the world. think about what you can do course correct before it's too late . i'll see you again next week. good bye. and thanks for watching. ah. with ah, ah, with

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