in tech, as our documentary series founders valley africa to meet the founders. empowering their continent through digital innovation, transforming work and health and living conditions in their country. and inspiring the world with their ideas. on the valley africa watching out of the w documentary provincial no more autonomous electric buses are being put to the test in a small bavarian town. eat fuels at cruising altitude. can synthetic fuels really help to lower emissions, filthy fossil fuels. they've been for losing the environment for decades. going

solar could be the answer, but there is a catch ah, welcome to tomorrow to day d, w science program. solar energy accounts for just 3.7 percent of global energy production. so we'll need a lot more to meet our climate change goals. but where we put all those solar panels, they occupy a lot of space and land can be expensive and hard to find. and we needed for our cities, houses and the streets. nature also has to have it space and let's not forget our farming land. we are already using a lot of our soil to farm food and are facing a growing space. but what if we grew crops and generated energy at the same time?

it's time for aggravate takes an enticing idea with the prospect of doubling your harvest. the photovoltaic or p v. modules are designed to ensure the soil beneath them can still be used for growing plants. there are various options. one is solar fences with the space in between them being used to grow crops or flowers or for livestock or the modules could be built in a way that gives the panels enough space to rotate towards the sun. but how to plants fair that grow underneath or right next to the panels. we've been growing lots of different kinds of crops, things that you would see at your local farmer's market. so tomatoes, peppers, squash ob, regime. and all these different types of prompts have seemed to do really well. so the plants still do get in a flight. in fact,

tomatoes and chili peppers even doubled their yield when shaded by solar panels. that's because too much sun means they get stressed and stop photo synthesizing and stop growing in a world that's getting hotter and hotter the modules ensure that less water is needed for irrigation. the trend for the near future is promising. according to a market analysis institute, the global market is anticipated to grow by almost 40 percent in the next 5 years. aggravate takes, could save a lot of land and water in dry regions, or those that rely heavily on agriculture like india, indonesia, and many african and south american countries. floating voltage might just be the next big thing. the idea behind float oval takes solar panels are mounted on raf like structures which rest on a body of water only of pimples in coverage of all there is awards which are bill

along the road in the road give above 23. however, a one pico installed capacity. this is thomas randall, the evaluate economic and technological feasibility of large scale floating p v systems to put this into perspective. on these $23.00 terror would generate as much electricity is the whole world of needs to be in a year. you can already see what that might look like at one of the world's biggest floating solar farms in singapore. in this case, the solar plant floats on the surface of a reservoir and produces enough energy to power about 16000 for room apartments in the city state. the water also cools down the floating panels, making them more efficient. the panels in the associated structures have to withstand wind waves and corrosion so far though multiple studies have not found

any severe impact on either water quality or ecosystems. experts expect float o voltaic to expand by up to 30 percent annually over the next 5 years. mainly in asian market, but europe, africa and the u. s. are starting to invest as well. so other, any other places left to put solar panels? how about up in space getting closer to the actual source queue. the sun shines 24 hours a day and you need 0 land back on earth. so why don't we install solar panels in the earth's orbit? the bridge lead space energy initiative with around 50 partners from industry, government and science is planning to put a solar panel satellite in space by 2035 the us china and japan are also taking part in the solar space power quest. and this is how it might work. satellites in the earth's geo, stationary orbit,

which is around 35000 kilometers from earth, harvest energy using huge solar panels. and after converting it beam down the resulting microwave radiation down to earth on the ground, a network of receiving antennas, or rick tin as collect them microwaves and turned them to electricity for the grid . each satellite would produce 2 gigawatts of continuous power. as much as around $700.00 utility scale wind turbines, they'd be huge around 1.7 kilometers in diameter and would weigh several 1000 tons . the satellites could beam energy to earth 24 hours a day. the microwaves are considered safe and harmless for animals and humans, and about a quarter of the strength of the midday sun. one drawback is that energy is lost during the transmission and the conversion process. while the costs of getting the

modules into space are well sky high. even if we manage to build in finance, solar power satellites in the decades to come, there are already more feasible ways of generating solar energy quickly without losing urgently needed land. and all of them are cheaper, faster, and far more promise. ah, the sun's wounds and lights were what made life on earth possible in the 1st place . the sun itself is a massive bull of electrically charged gas around every 11 years or so. the upper lay is become especially active, and then it gets very stormy in space. it's expected to happen again in the next year or 2. rodrigo yet pays from ecuador, sent us the following question about the effects of sun storms. do solar

storms post a threat to terrestrial technologies? eruptions on the sun surface can unleash huge waves of radiation into powder space together with enormous clouds of matter. just 8 minutes later, the high energy radiation reaches us on earth followed another 20 minutes later by electrically charged particles in the wake of solar winds. most of the sun's radiation is kept at bay by the earth's magnetic field. but solar storms do constitute a hazard for satellites. the highly energetic particles can destroy electronic components, and at the worst case scenario disrupt the satellite data transmissions to earth. at the same time, the radiation and shower of particles, ionize the upper layers of the atmosphere. while this results in the pretty sight of polar lights, it also alters the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere. that, in turn,

changes the timed at satellite communications, signals need to reach the earth. the resulting delay causes our navigation devices to give us incorrect positioning data. t. v and radio broadcasts are also subjected disruption and can even be knocked completely off the air. in 1967, a solar storm came close to triggering a nuclear war. 3 us air force, early warning systems, and the northern hemisphere lost their radar and radio communication. assuming that they were being jammed by the soviet union, the americans put their forces on alert. fortunately, solar researchers were able to convince the relevant commanders that the source of the disruption was the sun. the same energy laden particles can also lead to current surges and high voltage power lines and pipelines when they hit the earth's magneto sphere. in 1989, the canadian province of quebec suffered

a comprehensive power outage due to a solar storm. a similar event to day would have far graybar consequences due to our dependence on computers, all files and apps open during the event. would you delete it? if i want, what is right? why i have you? do you have a question about signs? send it to us as a video text low voice message. if we use a during our program will send you a little surprise as a thank you. come on to start to reduce harmful emissions. europe wants to have only electric cars on its streets in the future, but the technology and electric vehicles requires the use of valuable resources already daring back instruction. so how does that compare to the use of fossil fuels?

let's start to beginning. oil is a fossil fuel, on average, it's pumped from 2 kilometers under ground, that requires pumping stations, and they need power. a single pumping station uses an average of 10000 kilowatt hours per month billed by comparison. an electric car can cover over 60000 kilometers with the same amount of energy, and that's just the consumption of one onshore pumping station of which there are hundreds worldwide off shore. a diesel generator usually produces the required pumping power on an oil rig. it burns $20.00 to $30.00 tons of diesel per day, providing the equivalent of 245000 kilowatt hours of energy. in total, the world's $1230.00 offshore platforms, need over 300000000 kilowatt hours of power per day. then the oil has to be

transported often via pipelines, they transport the majority of the 15000000000 leaders of oil that we use worldwide every day. these pipelines also use pumping stations. an average pipeline has an annual energy consumption of 100000000 kilowatt hours. that alone is enough to power more than $45000.00 electric cars for a whole year. and there are 650 working pipelines worldwide. some of the oil is shipped across the oceans in tankers that use the cheapest, dirtiest fuel shipping is responsible for an estimated $1000000.00 tons of c o. 2 emissions a year, around 10 percent of that $100000000.00 tons are emitted by oil shipping alone. the next step of the refining process means heating the crude oil to over 400 degrees celsius. that requires a large amount of energy provided by oil, gas,

and electricity. but how much energy is that? it's hard to get an accurate figure and estimated 2 to 10 percent of daily crude oil consumption is used to refine gasoline or diesel. mixed the fuel is taken to gas stations by truck. so further fossil fuel burning and c o 2 emissions. finally, the diesel or unleaded gasoline is combusted in car engines, but extremely inefficiently around 60 percent of the energy is lost as heat. so it's not just electric cars that use a lot of resources, regular cars, due to combustion engines, power around $1300000000.00 cars on this planet, scrapping them all and replacing them with electric vehicles just wouldn't be

sustainable. newly developed and more environmentally friendly. e fuels may keep combustion engines on the road. the synthetic fuels could even healthy ideation, industry climb to more environmentally friendly altitude. we've been burning fossil fuels in our motors for decades, damaging our climate with c o 2 emissions. many countries have now decided to ban vehicles with combustion engine by 2035, but renewable synthetic fuels, known as in fuels, could help in the fight to reduce seo to the power. sheila institute in the swiss town of finnegan is looking into synthetic fuels. environmental scientists, christiane bah, is calculating their energy footprint. the results are important because if synthetic fuels are to be manufactured, that they'll need to perform better than traditional gasoline and diesel. they don't still, they've produced, for example,

by using electricity to produce hydrogen via electrolysis. well, the hydrogen is then converted along with c o 2, which don't come from a variety of sources into synthetic hydrocarbon roscoe for e fuels need hydrogen or h 2, which is obtained from water through electrolysis. and c o 2, which can be extracted from the air during the production process and then released again during combustion. ideally, e fuels would be c o 2 neutral. but electrolysis requires huge amounts of electricity, hopefully from renewable energy sources. does the calculus work more and thomas is gone, sample can okay. currently it's still very expensive. and if you want to expand production on a large scale, you need a lot more renewable electricity filling me on la bomb stole expensive. but fuel expert christiane boxes, the main advantage is that excess energy from wind and solar can be stored as

e fuel e fuels are unavoidable for a climate neutral future. dea nicky, track of after this endless, don't stick at all suit the fuels will become much cheaper. dba not as cheap as electric motors or hydrogen engines for normal usa, ortho vosta, but they'll be cheaper for long range applications that are hydrogen and electron mobility. shalaka of on digger also also stove on the elixir albany thought. an electric motor is efficient for private cars, but eep mules may be the only way to reduce c o $2.00 and $1.00 industry in particular, aviation synthetic kerosene is the 1st expected application. and sim haley on a swiss company is already working on e, kerosene, their pilot project and the german tone of unit will soon be producing renewable fuel for commercial use. the basic ingredients of

e kerosene are sunlight, water, and c. o 2, a large mirror field focuses the sunlight onto a receiver tower. there the water and c o 2 are converted thermal chemically into a synthetic gas, which in turn is liquefied into e, kerosene. this entire process as c o 2 neutral. when transforming the sunlight into e, kerosene around 30 percent of the energy can be stored. the process has been tested and now needs to be tried on a larger scale trans creve, it's long term. so we'll probably start our 1st commercial plant in spain in 2025, because then we'll gradually scale up production if we want to be producing 7 100000 metric tons of e. kerosene by 2030 before about half of switzerland's kerosene consumption. by 2040, we want to be producing 40000000 tons of the liquid fuel that would represent half of europe's kerosene needs. cover. same for google at a factory,

producing large amounts would have to be $100.00 times bigger. some 2 square kilometers in size with huge mirrors like these because they can only produce small amounts at the moment. a leader of the fuel still costs around $8.00 to $10.00 times more than fossil fuel. the e fuel is already being tested on a boeing 737 engine at zuric airport. they're measuring how much thrust it delivers under load and the combustion process for the synthetic. kerosene is also thoroughly analyzed. the airport is both transport hub and research site. the probe in the back measures the composition of the emissions from the turbine. it owns as a her salva sale to basically c o. 2 is the main component of the c o. 2 emitted by an airplane or any other emission source remains in the atmosphere for a very, very long time. it has a future impact for over a 100 years. that was semi sol,

market, and red suit emissions. there is a correlation with cloud formation, so controls or contract clouds and values that comes from an interaction between small certain particles and the sulfur in the fuel draft. one thing. so if you reduce them both, then you reduce the precursors that lead to the cloud formation tripled, sierra wall to wall, happy retreated. the data gathered by the prob, during the last test, is still being evaluated. the information shows that the synthetic kerosene, burns cleaner and produces fewer polluting emissions. what's more, from a purely technical point of view, the e. kerosene could be blended by up to 50 per cent with any regular aircraft fuel. the u is calling for mandatory blending of synthetic kerosene, even though the initial amount will still be very small. but it's probably the best bet in permanently reducing c o. 2 emissions in the aviation industry only flying less would be more effective.

and now the dream of autonomous driving it works fine on highways and straight stretches. but what about in the midst of a bustling city will draw the list. buses revolutionized public transport a trial in the bavarian hinterlands as hoping to answer that question. welcome to kona gemini, i hope it's morning and corner 9. am christina anderson gets the bus on the road. she's what they call the operator. them isn't marvelous, i'm fine morning. we have to do one really without any passengers to see if the technology works. and if, if there is a construction site somewhere or something unusual on the route where we have to say ok today,

we can't do this event or you have to be careful here with our dog. though off the bus does a lot on its own driving breaking, accelerating it precisely follows a virtual blue line. each round trip is 3 kilometers through crow, knocked to the centimeter. locals, tourists, everyone's getting on board. a city bus service is also available, but it only stops at the main sightseeing location, the hos in back fortress 4 times a day, too infrequent. the steep climb can be difficult for some people. the shuttle runs all day and is a welcome compliment to public transportation. just like in hope with the shuttle runs from the train station to the city center, even straight through the pedestrian zone. in today

how the tiny bus shuttles back and forth between a production sites, factory and offices on a freeway feed. a road with heavy traffic operators are still on board. that's supposed to change in the future. it can only happen if the buses are absolutely safe. a 3 d laser 1st scan, the entire route, roads, walls and buildings were recorded as a cloud of points, a digital image of the vehicles environment down to the centimeter. the best route was then calculated the blue line stored in the buses, memory lasers on the roof. scan the surroundings for up to 100 meters. as it moves, the laser beams are reflected, allowing the bus to calculate its current position. software checks the position against the stored route. any deviation is corrected

immediately. the bus remains precisely on the blue line or something in the way the bus stops like now. is the lena out there? oh, here's the line where it would automatically pull into the stop on its own. it is out. this is where the car is. so it would collide on dia, it stops and wait for the obstacle to move is hinden is 15 that i can use the controller to steer the shuttle around and then into the busta on the down, low handy. i visually fossil us, how much can the shuttle do on its own right now? the mcaden very little, his mother entire stretches where i can now say nothing really happens. you can just look out the window, look around of it, but in the end you have to focus on what you're doing. well,

you never know what will happen even though the shuttle can fend for itself in many situations. it up. so then i think you also have to just let it learn less and not to jump in all the time because it can already do a lot on its own isaac life while they're consul unfair feel align. emma, how safe is the bus? if an obstacle suddenly gets in its way to laser beams, scan the surroundings 50 times a 2nd. they recognize things that are too close, or the bus reacts immediately. no surprises, thanks to the sensors. and 6 lasers on the front. the rear and the sides monitor the surroundings. it stops the 2nd an obstacle appears. lasers at the front and back of the roof in sure the bus correctly follows the blue line job trip for is

responsible for the development of the safety equipment. he thinks autonomous shuttles will become a reality in the next 5 years. he has high hopes the album align, indulge and we have around $3000.00 traffic deaths in germany every year. and 90 percent of the result of human error technology has the potential to eliminate most of that and 90 percent higher that these annoyances prevent so they don't see modern traffic concepts. foresee fewer private cars in urban regents alternatives like autonomous buses will become increasingly important. but the shuttles are too slow for many. they lead to traffic jams with their maximum speed, just 18 kilometers per hour, and breaking to abrupt safe but uncomfortable. the sensors are being improved constantly, but the most important part is still science fiction. the control center christina

anderson is supposed to monitor all 3 shuttles from afar and then guide them remotely through tricky situations. that hasn't yet been approved, but it has been planned. the buses would then be entirely autonomous. and that's it for this edition of tomorrow to day d. w signs. magazine. thanks for letting and see you next time until then. stay curious. bye bye. ah ah ah.

with this week the 7 to 7 crusades, p. c. nigeria, welcome to st debate. thank you. as electra, those are coming up really soon. well, what do young people really? 113, i'll say election. one issue of employment to be need actually change in educational

system. we the managerial you, we help people to shelly talent to live this country. it bit up the 77 percent. 30 minutes on d w o. level on to get a monthly i'm a lot of it is supple, is currently more people than ever on the move mold white in such a better life. but a crisis has been hard when back a breath find out about bailey story. info my grand. mm. ah ah.

ah, i was just rescuing the doctor from a farm. this one this body globe. i found it like this and i couldn't just leave it there. oliver should meet him. 2 2 this is such a great burden. it was so dirty that cleaning it, turn the entire bathroom into a matt. this is the water birds 1st as well, but one of the most beautiful moments i've ever experienced. that a trip with a donkey series about our complex relationship with animals. well,

i think i will live long enough to witness the end of factory farming. the great eat debate this week on d. w or ah ah, this is the w news lie from berlin. the death toll from last week's earthquakes in syria and turkey, so processed 33000 b u. n. fairs. the number of dead could double as more bodies are being pulled from the rubble. also coming off, the ukrainian military has long been.