and share my welcome to my podcast, love matters that i and life the lever teeth, influences and experts to talk about all plain labs back from dating again today. nothing's been left of all these things and more in the news, even of the pot come make sure to tune and wherever you get your pot cast and join the conversation because you know it love manner. mm hm. provincial no more. autonomous electric buses are being put to the test in a small bavarian town. eat fuels at cruising altitude. can synthetic fuels really help to lower emissions, filthy fossil fuels. they've been for losing the environment for decades. going solar could be the answer, but there is a catch ah,

welcome to tomorrow to day d, w signs program. solar energy accounts, which is 3.7 percent of global energy production. so we'll need a lot more to miss out climate change goals. but where we put all those, so the panels, they occupy a lot of space and land can be expensive and hard to find and we needed for our cities, houses, and streets. nature also has to have it space. and let's not forget our farming land. we are already using a lot of our soil to form food and are facing a growing space issue. but what if we grew crops and generated energy at the same time?

it's time for agro voltaic and enticing idea with the prospect of doubling your harvest. that photovoltaic or p v modules are designed to ensure the soil beneath them can still be used for growing plants. there are various options. one is solar fences with the space in between them being used to grow crops or flowers or for livestock. or the modules could be built in a way that gives the panels enough space to rotate towards the sun. but how to plants fair that grow underneath or right next to the panels. we've been growing lots of different kinds of crops, things that you would see at your local farmer's market. so tomatoes, peppers, squash ob, regime. and all these different types of prompts have seemed to do really well. so the plants still do get in a flight. in fact, tomatoes and chili peppers even doubled their yield when shaded by solar panels.

that's because too much sun means they get stretched and stop photo synthesizing and stop growing. in a world that's getting hotter and hotter the modules ensure that less water is needed for irrigation. the trend for the near future is promising. according to a market analysis institute, the global market is anticipated to grow by almost 40 percent in the next 5 years. aggravate takes, could save a lot of land and water in dry regions, or those that rely heavily on agriculture like india, indonesia, and many african and south american countries. floating vul takes might just be the next big thing. the idea behind float oval takes solar panels are mounted on rap black structures, which rest on a body of water. only a 10 percent coverage. all there is awards which are available in the room in the world would give above $23.00. however, what installed capacity, this is, thomas,

i'm the evaluate economic and technological feasibility of large scale floating p v . systems to put this into perspective. and these $23.00 terror would generate as much electricity is the whole world of needs to be in a year. you can already see what that might look like at one of the world's biggest floating solar farms in singapore. in this case, the solar plant floats on the surface of a reservoir and produces enough energy to power about 16000 for room apartments in the city state. the water also cools down the floating panels, making them more efficient. the panels in the associated structures have to withstand wind waves and corrosion so far though multiple studies have not found any severe impact on either water quality or ecosystems. experts expect float

o voltaic to expand by up to 30 percent annually over the next 5 years. mainly in asian market, but europe, africa and the u. s. are starting to invest as well. so other, any other places left to put solar panels? how about up in space getting closer to the actual source in queue. the sun shines 24 hours a day and you need 0 land back on earth. so why don't we install solar panels in the earth's orbit? the bridge lead space energy initiative with around 50 partners from industry? government and science is planning to put a solar panel satellite in space by 2035 the us china and japan are also taking part in the solar space power quest. and this is how it might work. satellites in the earth's geo stationary orbit, which is around 35000 kilometers from earth,

harvest energy using huge solar panels. and after converting it beam down the resulting microwave radiation down to earth on the ground, a network of receiving antennas, or rick tin as collect them microwaves and turned them to electricity for the grid . each satellite would produce 2 gigawatts of continuous power. as much as around $700.00 utility scale wind turbines, they'd be huge around 1.7 kilometers in diameter and would waive several 1000 tons . the satellites could beam energy to earth 24 hours a day. the microwaves are considered safe and harmless for animals and humans, and about a quarter of the strength of the midday sun. one drawback is that energy is lost during the transmission and the conversion process. while the costs of getting the modules into space, our well sky high,

even if we manage to build and finance solar power satellites in the decades to come, there are already more feasible ways of generating solar energy quickly without losing urgently needed land. and all of them are cheaper, faster and far more promise. ah, the sun's wolf and lights were what made life on earth possible in the 1st place. the sun itself is a massive bull of electrically charged gas around every 11 years or so. the upper lay is become especially active, and then it gets very stormy in space. it's expected to happen again in the next year or 2 question about the effects of sun storms. do solar storms post a threat to terrestrial technologies. eruptions on the sun surface can unleash huge waves of radiation into powder space together with enormous clouds of matter.

just 8 minutes later, the high energy radiation reaches us on earth, followed another 20 minutes later by electrically charged particles in the wake of solar winds. most of the sun's radiation is kept at bay by the earth's magnetic field. but solar storms do constitute a hazard for satellites. the highly energetic particles can destroy electronic components, and at the worst case scenario disrupt the satellite data transmissions to earth. at the same time, the radiation and shower of particles, i analyzed the upper layers of the atmosphere. while this results in the pretty sight of polar lights. it also alters the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere. that in turn changes the time that satellite communications signals need to reach the earth. the resulting delay causes our navigation devices to give us incorrect positioning. data. tv and radio broadcasts are also subject to

disruption and can even be knocked completely off the air. in 1967, a solar storm came close to triggering a nuclear war. 3 us air force, early warning systems and the northern hemisphere lost their radar and radio communication. assuming that they were being jammed by the soviet union, the americans put their forces on alert. fortunately, solar researchers were able to convince the relevant commanders that the source of the disruption was the sun. the same energy laden particles can also lead to current searches and high voltage power lines and pipelines when they hit the earth's magneto sphere. in 1989, the canadian province of quebec suffered a comprehensive power outage due to a solar storm. a similar event to day would have far graver consequences due to our dependence on computers,

all files and apps open during the event. would you delete it? if i want, what is right, why i have you? do you have a question about signs? send it to us as a video, text low voice message. if we use the during our program, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. come on distance to reduce harmful emissions. europe once to have only electric cars on its streets in the future. but the technology and electric vehicles requires the use of valuable resources already daring back instruction. so how does this compare to the use of fossil fuels? let's start at the beginning. oil is a fossil fuel. on average, it's pumped from 2 kilometers under ground, that requires pumping stations and they need power. a single pumping

station uses an average of 10000 kilowatt hours per month billed by comparison. an electric car can cover oversight consumption of one onshore pumping station, of which there are hundreds worldwide. offshore, a diesel generator usually produces the required pumping power on an oil rig. it burns $20.00 to $30.00 tons of diesel per day, providing the equivalent of 245000 kilowatt hours of energy. in total, the world's $1230.00 offshore platforms, need over 300000000 kilowatt hours of power per day. then the oil has to be transported often via pipelines. they transport the majority of the 15000000000 leaders of oil that we use worldwide every day. these pipelines also use pumping stations, and average pipeline has an annual energy consumption of 100000000 kilowatt hours.

that alone is enough to power more than $45000.00 electric cars for a whole year. and there are 650 working pipelines worldwide. some of the oil is shipped across the oceans in tankers that use the cheapest, dirtiest fuel shipping is responsible for an estimated $1000000.00 tons of c o. 2 emissions a year, around 10 percent of that $100000000.00 tons are emitted by oil shipping alone. the next step, the refining process means heating the crude oil to over 400 degrees celsius. that requires a large amount of energy provided by oil, gas, and electricity. but how much energy is that? it's hard to get an accurate figure and estimated 2 to 10 percent of daily crude

oil consumption is used to refine gasoline or diesel. mixed the fuel is taken to gas stations by truck. so further fossil fuel burning and c o 2 emissions. finally, the diesel or unleaded gasoline is combusted in car engines, but extremely inefficiently around 60 percent of the energy is lost as heat. so it's not just electric cars that use a lot of resources, regular cars, due to combustion engines, power around $1300000000.00 cars on this planet, scrapping them all and replacing them with electric vehicles just wouldn't be sustainable. newly developed and more environmentally friendly. e fuels may keep combustion engines on the road. the synthetic feels could even healthy ideation industry climb to more environmentally friendly altitude. we've been burning

fossil fuels in our motors for decades, damaging our climate with c o 2 emissions. many countries have now decided to ban vehicles with combustion engines by 2035, but renewable synthetic fuels, known as in fuels, could help in the fight to reduce seo to the power. sheila institute in the swiss town of milligan is looking into synthetic fuels. environmental scientists, christiane bah, is calculating their energy footprint. the results are important because if synthetic fuels are to be manufactured, that they'll need to perform better than traditional gasoline and diesel. the dunphy augustine, they produced, for example, by using electricity to produce high region via electrolysis. the hydrogen is then converted along with c o 2, which don't come from a variety of sources into synthetic hydrocarbon live also. so for

e fuels need hydrogen or h 2, which is obtained from water through electrolysis and c o 2, which can be extracted from the air during the production process and then released again during combustion. ideally, e fuels would be c o 2 neutral. but electrolysis requires huge amounts of electricity, hopefully from renewable energy sources. does the calculus work? more on us is gone sample can okay, currently it's still very expensive. and if you want to expand production on a large scale, you need a lot more renewable electricity feeding me on la bomb stole expensive, but fuel expert christiane boxes. the main advantage is that excess energy from wind and solar can be stored as e fuel e fuels are unavoidable for a climate neutral future. dear nikita rock of, after this endless, don't stick at all suit the fuels will become much cheaper diva, not as cheap as electric motors or hydrogen engines for normal usa or to vosta,

but they'll be cheaper for long range applications that are hydrogen and electron mobility silica of on digger alls while cyst off on to elixir albany, thought. an electric motor is efficient for private cars. but e fuels may be the only way to reduce c o $2.00 and $1.00 industry in particular, aviation synthetic kerosene is the 1st expected application. and sim healy on a swiss company is already working on e, kerosene, their pilot project and the german tone of eulogy will soon be producing renewable fuel for commercial use. the basic ingredients of e. kerosene are sunlight, water, and c. o. 2, a large mirror field focuses the sunlight on to a receiver tower. there the water and c o 2 are converted thermal chemically into

a synthetic gas, which in turn is liquefied into e, kerosene. this entire process as c o 2 neutral. when transforming the sunlight into e, kerosene around 30 percent of the energy can be stored. the process has been tested and now needs to be tried on a larger scale. trans. griffith long term. such will probably start our 1st commercial plant in spain. in 2025 us land will gradually scale up production if we want to be producing 7 100000 metric tons of e. kerosene by 2030 before about half of switzerland's kerosene consumption. by 2040, we want to be producing 40000000 tons of the liquid fuel that would represent half of europe's kerosene needs. for the same for brooklyn, a factory producing large amounts would have to be $100.00 times bigger, some to square kilometers in size. with huge mirrors like these. because they can only produce small amounts at the moment. a leader of the fuel still costs around

$8.00 to $10.00 times more than fossil fuel. the fuel is already being tested on a boeing 737 engine at zuric airport. they're measuring how much thrust it delivers under load and the combustion process for the synthetic. kerosene is also thoroughly analyzed. the airport is both transport hub and research site. the probe in the back measures the composition of the emissions from the turbine loans as the her soul. the sale to basically c o 2 is the main component for the c o. 2 emitted by an airplane or any other emission source remains in the atmosphere for a very, very long time. it has a future impact for over a 100 years. that was semi, so mc and red suit emissions. there is a correlation with cloud formation. so controls or contract clouds and values that comes from an interaction between small certain particles and the sulfur in the fuel draft. one thing, so if you reduce them both,

then you reduce the precursors that lead to the cloud formation. tripled sierra wall to wall hope a would included the data gathered by the prob, during the last test is still being evaluated. the information shows that the synthetic kerosene, burns cleaner and produces fewer polluting emissions. what's more, from a purely technical point of view, the e kerosene could be blended by up to 50 per cent with any regular aircraft fuel. the u is calling for mandatory blending of synthetic kerosene, even though the initial amount will still be very small. but it's probably the best bet in permanently reducing c o. 2 emissions in the asian industry, only flying less would be more effective. and now the dream of autonomous driving it looks fine on highways and straight stretches. but what about in the midst of a bustling city will drive in his buses,

revolutionized public transport at trial in the bavarian hinterlands. as hoping to answer that question. welcome to corner germany. a book it's morning in corner 9. am christina anderson gets the bus on the road? she's what they call the operator. miss marvin's, i'm fine morning. we have to do one really without any passengers to see if the technology works. so if there is a construction site somewhere or something unusual on the route where we have to say ok today we can't do this. one would have been, or you have to be careful here with our dog though often the bus does a lot on its own driving breaking, accelerating. it precisely follows

a virtual blue line. each round trip is 3 kilometers through krona to the center meter, locals, tourists, everyone's getting on board. a city bus service is also available, but it only stops at the main sightseeing location, though close in bad fortress. 4 times a day too infrequent. the steep climb can be difficult for some people. the shuttle runs all day and is a welcome compliment to public transportation. not just like in hoof with the shuttle runs from the train station to the city center, even straight through the pedestrian zone. in today how the tiny bus shuttles back and forth between a production sites, factory and offices on a freeway feed. a road with heavy traffic operators are still on board. that's supposed to change in the future and can only happen if the buses are absolutely

safe. a 3 d laser 1st scanned the entire route, roads, walls and buildings were recorded as a cloud of points, a digital image of the vehicles environment down to the centimeter. the best route was then calculated the blue line stored in the buses, memory lasers on the roof. scan the surroundings for up to 100 meters. as it moves, the laser beams are reflected, allowing the bus to calculate its current position. software checks the position against the stored route. any deviation is corrected immediately. the bus remains precisely on the blue line or something in the way the bus stops like now.

is the leon? yeah. out there. oh, here's the line where it would automatically pull into the stop on. it's only this out, this is way the car is. so it would collide on dia, it stops and wait for the obstacle to move is hinden. is this? when did, i can use the control where to steer the shuttle around and then into the bus stop on the down low handy, high vista, lafond celeste. how much can the shuttle do on its own right now? and i can vaguely monitor entire stretches where i can now say nothing really happens. you can just look out the window, look around a bit, but in the end, you have to focus on what you're doing. you never know what will happen even though the shuttle can fend for itself in many situations. it until then. i think you also have to just let it learn less and not try to jump in all the time because it can already do a lot on its own. isaac life of

a live control in fairfield allowing emma, how safe is the bus if an obstacle suddenly gets in its way to laser beams, scanned the surroundings 50 times a 2nd? they recognise things that are too close, or the bus reacts immediately. no surprises. thanks to the sensors. 6 lasers on the front, the rear and the sides, monitor the surroundings. it stops. the 2nd obstacle appears. lasers at the front and back of the roof. in sure, the bus correctly follows the blue line job shop for is responsible for the development of the safety equipment. he thinks autonomous shuttles will become a reality in the next 5 years. he has high hopes the album align indulged. we have around $3000.00 traffic deaths in germany every year,

even in 90 percent of the result of human error technology has the potential to eliminate most of that 90 percent higher than on facebook. and so they don't see modern traffic concepts, foresee fewer private cars in urban regions. alternatives like autonomous buses will become increasingly important. but the shuttles are too slow for many. they lead to traffic jams with their maximum speed, just 18 kilometers per hour. and breaking to abrupt safe but uncomfortable. the sensors are being improved constantly, but the most important part is still science fiction. the control center christina anderson is supposed to monitor all 3 shuttles from afar and then guide them remotely through tricky situations. that hasn't yet been

approved, but it has been planned. the buses would then be entirely autonomous. and that's it for this edition of tomorrow today, d, w. science magazine. thanks for watching and see you next time. until then. dikarious. bye bye. ah, ah, with

you. ah, children war, they are helpless victims and sometimes little heroes. 2 thirds of all ukrainian children are on the run. mm. how do they experience the world? will it ever feel safe to them again? ukraine's youngest victims close up. mm. in 30 minutes on d. w.

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ah, ah ah, this is the w news live from berlin. the un says the rescue phase of last week's devastating. earthquakes is now coming to a close. we report from the turkish city of and tuck here was 70 percent of buildings have been destroyed, and 2000 years of history wiped out in seconds. also on the show, ukraine is pressing for more heavy weapons including fighter jets as.