[000:00:00;00] ah, one year of the russian invasion of ukraine has once again turned a part of europe into a war zone. and once again, europe is where 2 worlds collide. today, russian president vladimir putin. welcome to the top, a diplomat from china to powerful allies that for now, see i, blocking their world view, the west led by the united states to day you as president biden sat down with leaders from eastern europe, a show of solidarity that russia and china would prefer to block out all the while knowing they have to take it in. i'm break off in berlin. this is the day. ah,

the tooth is not preparing for peace of the country is preparing for board war as natives eastern flank. here the front lines of our collective defense. we cannot allow russia to continue to chip away at you to p insecurity. we must break the cycle of russian aggression. you know, better than anyone. what's at stake in this conflict? not just for ukraine, but for the freedom of democracies throughout europe and around the world. ah. also coming up, what about that partnership with no limits? russia and shine and say that's exactly what they have. is it because of, or despite the war in ukraine? so she quit issues, the current international situation is complex and gray truant, but china, russia relations have withstood the challenge, chose changes,

and remain mature, resilient and stable. what did you hold on? hello, we are confronted with crises and chaos. so there are opportunities in crises. we and crises can be turned into opportunities. ah, what, who our viewers watching on p b ups in the united states and to all of you around the world. welcome. we begin the day with the u. s. president. it's extending america's hand and it's muscle to eastern europe. today. president biden met with leaders of nato's eastern european members. the countries that represent native eastward expansion and the countries that now find themselves on the front line of russian aggression as ukraine marks one year of the russian invasion. u. s. president biden is here in europe to reassure allies that there are no cracks in the wall of transatlantic solidarity and security. take a listen to what leaders, european,

and american said to we each other. today. we are meeting almost exactly on the anniversary of the van, which has forever changed the history of our part of europe and which has an impact on the security situation across the world. the make sure that this brutal war against ukraine is rush us, find the leg. we also must be resolute in determining further aggression and rolling back the current one. nato is standing strong and showing clear commitments towards your grain and it's people. we are seeing the rational help of aggression over many years, georgia in 2008 crimea and on boss in 2014, and then the full fledged invasion of ukraine last year. we cannot allow russia to

continue to chip away at european security. we must break the cycle of russian aggression as natives eastern flank. you're the front lines of our collected defense and you know, better than anyone. what's at stake in this conflict? not gesture ukraine, but for the freedom, democracies throughout europe and around the world will as russia invades ukraine, many eastern european countries, former soviet bloc, countries, they find themselves in a frightful deja vu. could russia aim its aggression at them yet again? or in a bid to reassure those nations neither has ramped up security on its eastern flank . the alliance has deployed extra troops to the baltic republics of estonia, lot via and lithuania, along with poland, slovakia, romania and non nato member. moldova are also nervous about moscow's intentions.

increasing defense spending ramping up ammunition production, putting hundreds of thousands of troops on high hello nato is not the warring party in ukraine, but the company has led to a dramatic change in its strategy. the alliance is going back to its roots assess defense expert e, unless it's reinforced a shift in nato strategy away from thinking about expeditionary warfare, which has been in crisis management, which has been dominating for the last decades to thinking again about territorial defense. in a very serious way, nuclear strategy is discussed in a very serious way again. so all of these things that we hadn't really focused on for decades are now at the core of debate inside native since the start of russia invasion need to allies have continuously increased our support for ukraine, starting with simple anti tank weapons and missiles. and then gradually deploying more advanced weapons,

but with ukraine burning through artillery shells and other ammunition much faster than the west can produce them. it is becoming difficult for nato countries to match the war time demand. these problems are not surprising, says richard sheriff, a retired british army general and natal for my deputy supreme allied commander, europe. this is in the end of the day if you want to fight, protect yourself, protect your country, protect ground and seize ground back. you need the heavy metal of almost forces, including time, solid infantry on out are to re on the light. and there's been lack of investment in that, as there has been a complete and frankly scandalous, lack of investment in the sinews of war, the ammunition, logistics, sustainability. recall nato has already doubled its forces on the eastern flank, in addition to 4 already existing battle groups in the baltic states and in poland

. the alliance has established for more in south eastern europe. their plan is to strengthen air and missile defense systems and to feather of beef up the number of troops there. i think we should be talking about divisions not brigade. insignificant rail is significant numbers. a band of steel along nato's eastern flank to demonstrate on their critically to russia that nato is ready and prepared to defend itself. so far, allies have reminded united in their commitment to support ukraine and with the former neutral countries of sweden and finland now poise to join the alliance. nato has become even more relevant says under spoke rasmussen, former nato secretary general and now adviser to the government in keith. it's very clear that pu chin has achieved the opposite of what he wanted. he wanted less nato. he has got more ne show, but the longer the war,

drex on the gray to the risk of an uncontrollable escalation for all its new found strength and purpose. the conflict in ukraine remains a balancing act for nato. of a more, i'm joined now by the u. s diplomat, william a court b. he is an adjunct senior fellow at the rand corporation think tank, and he has served as u. s. and bassett, or to kazakhstan, as well as to georgia. ambassador. it's good to have you on the program. i want to start by getting your take on whether or not the president president, by what did he deliver, what he was supposed to today in terms of security guarantees to nato's eastern flank members. did he say, did he do what he needed to do? well for 3 days now, he has delivered the visitor k of those are really courageous and extremely inspirational than in poland. and now with the meeting of the issue leaders, he's provider reassurance of the united states is in this for the long haul. it's

going to be supporting your crane, along with our european hours of the elias really has been remarkably unified. throughout this process. we know that the visit underscores the changes that have taken place here. since the end of the cold war and, and russia's return to a hot conflict in ukraine a year ago, how radically would you say, how radically has that changed to native well, let's revive nato a pretty serious way your car a couple of years ago, present macro so that nato was brain dead. that's not the case any longer. and then we're seeing the eastern members of the alliance play an extraordinarily important role, especially pulling board members. so i think this is reinforced in nato. the importance of earlier, mental or large group. and how they have strength of the alliance for the

challenges today. we've seen the west at pains to emphasize unity in the face of russian aggression. we've seen this week from moscow. president putin, maybe cindy mixed messages, suspending dissipation in the new start treaty with the u. s and then saying later that, you know it's, it's not exiting the treaty. me, how should we read brushes, current law? well, 2 aspects of that speech 1st resort. a remarkably defensive. he had no bold new initiatives, no outline of one of the real goals of the russian or government is pursuing in your cray. and they, with regard to strategic crimes, limitation, treated a new start treaty. but 2 years ago in press, a button came into the office. the russians were practically begging us to extend

the treaty for another 5 years were present. i wasn't trying to do and he did or president jeff was not required to do that. and so i think at this point, while the russians have pulled out on, sorry, suspended their participation, they've rushed to make sure that they are telling us that they're not going to exceed the numerical limits of the treaty. i think they are afraid that if there were open competition, that us nuclear production lines for undergrad forces are hotter than rushes and that we to leap ahead, especially with our stronger economy. you know, we've seen this invasion take place now. almost exactly one year we've seen russia loose troops lose the initiative to lose momentum. it can you imagine the russian military recovery? oh, so the russian military is basically doing what it did in

a 2nd world war. and that is trying to rely on mass to overcome other deficiencies . so the partial mobilizations are called of 300000, is meant to help replace the really large number of russian forces which have been casualties in this war. probably up to $200000.00 or so. so this can help body of russian units continue to lose. large casual isn't often military experts say if a unit loses 30 percent or is personnel, it's no longer functional. this is a real risk for russia that this is going to continue because the ukrainians have been fighting better the russians. and at some point, this more has to end. how do you see this conflict ending? do you see an exit ramp anywhere for vladimir putin? the only real x ramp is for him to pull his troops out of your crank. that may

happen at some point hasn't happened yet. the 1st 4 so sort collapsible world war one came back as soon as possible as the strains in recruit. one now or greater than before, we're seeing open warfare which are in the future of our promotion and pollutants military for example, it's really unusual. so it's difficult to predict what will happen. i would think that if one had to look a year ahead, one might say for predictive ukrainian positions going to be better this now even better. but whether the world be over or not, or whether it will be victory or not, it's just too difficult to predict. yeah, i mean, it does look like maybe the momentum is going to be in favor of the ukrainian military. that brings me my final question for you. you, for any president zalinski he keeps, you know, hitting the point that victory will mean retaking territory that the russians have

illegally annexed including crimea. do you think that that is a plausible, realistic victory for taking the rest of your crane? except korea that is quite plausible. crummy is more difficult. taking militarily would require an amphibious combat capability that ukraine does not have. and russia, horses in crimea, could block the narrow isthmus. it's only 2 separate kilometers. why? so that would be quite a challenge we're ukrainian forces. but let's not forget that in moscow, or if they lost, the rest of russia could be a change of some sort of policy. and they might be willing to pull out of korea as well. but we just can't make a prediction. william courtney's senior fellow at the rand corporation in former us ambassador investor. we appreciate your time and your valuable insights tonight.

thank you. grow. ah, russian president vladimir putin have said that he looks forward to deepening the partnership between russia and china in a meeting with beijing's top diplomat wong that ye attend to talks with food and that the kremlin today and told him that relations between beijing and moscow would not be influenced by other countries. the meeting took place just days out from the one year anniversary of russia's invasion of ukraine, which also says that he's looking forward to a visit to moscow by chinese president. she jen paying for from her all this we want to pull in now theresa fallon, she is the founder and director of the center for russia. europe, asia studies. she joins me from brussels. it's good to see you again. let me ask

you about one ye. he told putin today that crises offer opportunities. what opportunities do you think the war in ukraine can offer to both russia and china? where i think it's becoming quite clear that both russia and china had strategic alignment, their interest coincide, and they are challenging the international order. so i think that the chinese character where there is crisis, there is opportunity, even though this war has taken much longer than either putting or she jumping ever envisioned. they are trying to see how they can make that are kind of dreamer, global governance and changing international order work, even though put in a peer is very, very weak. at this point, shina is a apparently that the stronger of the 2. it says that it's worried about the conflict escalating and their speculation that she's been paying a will present

a piece plan for ukraine. later this week is china. is it a credible mediator? well, that's really good question. we saw very early on during, in this conflict, before even the conflict one year ago at the munich security conference, u. s. intelligence and officials were passing out information that you could be invaded by russia. and there was such a positive bias that no one would believe what was happening. they didn't accept this intelligence, they wouldn't, couldn't comprehend that russia would actually invade ukraine. so the u. s. had approached chinese officials shared this intelligence with them and asked them to use her influence with the kremlin to try to prevent this war. and beijing, what they did was they took this intelligence, gave it to the russians, and they didn't really influence them to stop the war. so i think that just that act alone might put in china and the question mark, but in addition to that hi representative joseph burrell of the you called in march

to the early days of the war. 2, that only china could be the mediator, which i think struck many people as rather odd. and patient never said yes, he never said no. but we know throughout the entire conflict of presidents zalinski has said beijing has never accepted any of his phone calls. and we only saw very recently at the meeting security conference, a photo with clay bus speaking. so i think the fact that patients, my new position is that we are neutral. but we lean towards russia is kind of an office in the fact that they are supporting russia by buying oil, selling them high tech that other countries won't sell them. so they are really eating b. moscow. you know, last week, the munich security conference we heard from the united states, there is worry, there are indications that i'm trying to maybe providing lethal aid to russia that can be used in ukraine and immediately from the foreign ministry, beijing,

there was this protest, there was a very loud protest which makes you wonder, or maybe there was some truth to this. what could be the calculus for china to, to, to take that risk into give weapons to russia, knowing they will be used in eastern grain? well, there's a lot of tucking on both sides of the mouth. let's remember that we saw the junction. he traveled to the duma back in september. the russians released the video so it was hard to kind of refute. and he said he's the highest ranking chinese communist party official who was speaking in moscow saying that we will help you. china will help you undermine western sanctions. now they said that in september we know that beijing has been selling a lot of dual use goods to china, to russia, excuse me. and that this is really helping the war africa one, it's undermining western sanctions. so i think that's the idea. i mean, it's brilliant strategy, it's fake diplomacy. as far as i can see that beijing has, i call them the arm chair,

the reverse arm chair kissinger's. there's some scholars in europe. we think that they can somehow drive a wedge between china and russia. and by trying to kind of china in as a mediator as possible mediator. but i think that this is really misplaced, and i think that china and russia clearly are aligned and they have strategic interest. so they are cooperating with each other. and it's in beijing's interests, it's nice to have a weak russia, but they don't want to weak of a russia because it's better to have put in as a useful vassal than have some maybe new reformer come in. if putin is taken out and to have someone who might be more friendly towards transatlantic relations or to the west. so i think beijing is maybe even more concerned that putin is so weak that maybe they need to help him because they don't want to see him leave power. that will let me actually will undermine it. before we run out of time, this balancing act, that china is trying to master right now. i mean,

their economy completely interdependent with the united states. they can't alienate the u. s. completely at the same time. they're trying to have their taking needed to when it comes to russia. do you see them being able to perfect this balancing act? well, it's very complicated to panic. tap dance as far as i'm concerned. they need, especially europe because the u. s. has a lot of sanctions against exporting high tech to china, so they need to kind of clawback influence in europe. have a charm offensive make the europeans think that they're on their side and that that's why they're trying to sell the idea of being a mediator. because they need to buy high tech from the high tech that the u. s. want sell them in addition to that, they need access to european markets and they want for direct an investment from europeans. and there's also the issue of captured elite we seen in europe. certain industries like perhaps the car industry will benefit by having investments go to

china. we saw immediately after the i have concerns. we are saying china has concerns of a c o meeting. chancellor shields got on a plane brought leaders of rush of german industry with them to beijing to make deals. and so i think that there are a lot of moving pieces to all of this. and let's remember russia is a storm by china is really climate changes as one way put it. yeah, very good way to put it, theresa valley with the center for russia, europe, asia studies. we appreciate your time and your insights tonight. thank you. thank you. now to berlin's international gym festival, the berlin knowledge day was the world premier of $20000.00 species of bees. it tells the story of an 8 year old child who explores her identity during a summer vacation in her mother's home town in the basque country. the girl does not like it when people address her by her birth name, and so she goes in search of the white one and

a new identity. joining me now from the red carpet at the billing allan is our reporter on a chipper on it's good to see. you tell us more about these 20000 b these 20000 b is yeah, they're definitely in the film. but who was also in the film, is that little girl? it is one of the 2 competition films brands that stars a child as the main protagonist. and let me tell you this girl, her name is sophia kettle. she is incredible. her performance is so generous. it's so raw and it's so touching and she really blew me away. and as we heard before, she had placed an 8 year old child that just feels that she doesn't really fit in. and she goes on a search for her identity during a summer vacation in the bus country where she spent a lot of time with her aunt, who's a b keeper. and in conversations with the aunt and also with the new friend. and

the child reveals that she hasn't trans gender identity that she was born in the a boy's body, but she feels like a girl. and eventually she even gifts herself a new name and calls herself lucia. and the film also obviously follows the journey of the family. and there are different different levels of acceptance about this transgender identity there in the family. and this is what the director she told us . she told me that at a press conference was especially interested in to bring different points, a few that are very far apart together in this film and to try and build a bridges in that film. yeah, definitely captures the zeitgeist for people in the, the audience that's for sure. we've got about a minute left or one, ask you about on another film of fire, but premiering in berlin today to tell me about that. yeah, fire is a film that is set in

a house in the forests near the baltic sea here in germany, and am for young people. and 3 guys and a woman happened to spent their summer there together. and while 3 of them are having a great time and are having fun, one of them is not so much. it's a, he's called leon, he's a writer. and he's kind of in the middle of an existential a crisis. and is, it is the 2nd film of a trilogy by german director, chris and pet thought, who was also at the bailey dolly to has a 20 with an dina, and also in dina. and in this, from the fire, he works together with the german act. paola back, well, actually also got the syllabus for the best performance in dina, so we will see how it will go for a fire on a trip at the bill in our, on a fascinating to films. thank you for the day's almost done. the conversation continues on longer, plentiful twitter either the www. she could probably on twitter, it went golf tv and remember whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is

another day we'll see you've been with ah, with ah, ah, there's is the story of many ukrainians before rushes invasion. marta and siri had trained as volunteers for emergencies.

since the beginning of the war, they have been in combat even fighting directly at the front focus on europe. next on d, w. one years of war in ukraine. how has it affected the economy, our sanctions against russia working? our overview covers booming ukrainian i. t firms supporting their homeland skyrocketing natural gas prices and evolving cyber war. that's more dangerous than ever made in germany. in 60 minutes on d, w. o.

gen these had 1111 north single one. mission is to send the fest female, jasmine israel, his face the gender gap in space exploration. germany's 1st female astronaut has been waiting for years to get her turn of private initiative is pushing to make it happen. mm. me personally, it's just a dream. i've always had, i've always wanted to see the us for destiny for space starts more changed on d, w. mm. ah, hello and welcome to focus on europe. it's good to have you with us. it's been