[000:00:00;00] ah, human interventions have transformed the world, but many harm the environment, demanding a change in our res. we've proved it's possible. after global action, the yacht was only a, is now recovering on equal in the attorney. we look at other damaging habits and ways to kick them. hello and welcome. i'm some of that. now cutting the use of chemicals in products like hess, pre and refrigerators, has helped here that was only but who be all reduce our reliance on one of the

greatest inventions in history. the electric light bulb, artificial light, floods the night sky, creating problems for people. lance and why life? we took a look in july when light pollution is having a big impact. ah ah, as darkness falls across india knight time is when the eastern city of janai is at its brightest. at bonham. i thought i remembered only was at places like candy bazaar and wrangell nathan street at night. it feels like it's day time. it doesn't feel like it's night due to the use of bright artificial light lights that the use of artificial lighting in chimney has gone far beyond what is needed to see and operate in the darkness. instead, it is become a source of light pollution pantheon money than i want to protect warning willingly

like what to lucia cruise when the artificial light created by mankind efforts living being is pretty obviously they are being it other than my world. marcella. late pollution of being a little silly areas, 1011 and i, we can witness light pollution and areas like that. and i, our court sip cause monopoly and co emberly in these areas will either have a greater population or more activity with the exponential growth of cities has made light levels of problem. there are 4 types of light, pollution, glare light, trespass clutter, and sky glue. if our number light, which we'll use the portal scale to measure light pollution held on the blue sky 9 is the highest level 6 die. and i records a level from 6 to 8 to the light pollution renaissance. as measured by miranda. it's only in the last 150 years, that art has seen a light source beyond the natural light sources like the sun and the moon. but it's in the last decade that there's been a massive upsurge. light pollution,

according to researchers studying its growth, usage of light is hitting unhealthy levels. they see i'm disrupting natural processes. yard order got hung on there at that moment he sees a crow searching for its prey during the night. ha, similarly, nobody sees a bat searching for it right during the day. there. really, erica, what do you thought of later go to his timings are totally dependent on the like to present in the environment where what if, if that is known as circadian rhythm, this cycle is affected by the light outside. yeah. mean really opening it on the light pollution is having a huge impact on plants and animals and can have unforeseen consequences. and i'm a part of what he all you would agree of in california. fun with the army number already, turtles way their eggs. you now see sure and returned to the sea, but i got them appealing. after a number of days, the turtles had shout and direct themselves towards the sea,

and the actively be due to the bright light at the see sure, the turtles get misled. they walk towards the road and they get culinary caught up when we see hundreds of launch getting a new ticket to play. and i couldn't, i'm a thought and they thought that the role you, they my, the medical team, it's the same with all our flight stuff. all of the were not able to see any fire flies in the urban areas. you're out of a unit back of the reproduction process of live flies is completely dependent on darkness availability. the influence of these artificial lights doesn't allow miles to meet females either. and so they cannot mildly and then the tops the reproduction process. yeah, the company entire species could become extinct. high light levels are not only having an impact on biodiversity, it can cause health issues such as eyesight problems, headaches, and feelings of stressed. and humans. studies also suggested

light pollution can in fact lead to certain kinds of cancer in people if the rate of pollution advances at an alarming rate higher than i'm a good pollute. i have a great and i'm is an awareness of my air pollution and even the sound pollution among the people for the water. but there's no understanding of like pollution among people opening it. there's an opinion that the right light looks good aladdin a little. we don't realize that we're both troubling others and putting ourselves in danger. what operating it over to one at a very clever light is not just useful in darkness. it also holds cultural significance in cities like generally here using prominent lighting to celebrate festivals, events, and functions. is important, so i have all met in, i mean we can see many footlights being used on the route from marina to avoid koran. are these lights are important. i don't deny, elena. there's a flurry of actor missing of her and also for the safety of women and crime prevention is very important and i'm going but why do we need lights with so much? brightness swallow,

cannot mingle late that they are. these are common problems in many cities, regulations on commercial lighting, to tackle pollution exist in some countries, but more can be done. se environmentalists india, lena marionette, a remote such regulations in india directly. so we need to set regulation zanna monitoring system for it. we need to give awareness of like pollution to the people . i see this as the 1st step to controlling the issue. taking action promptly could help human help and preserve the environment. well up not the pollution the legs. the capital is notoriously in the air. belly is the worst in the country with stock since climbing to poisonous levels. winter after winter to tackle the problem, the city is banking on a shift electric mobility. we had a look around to see how it's going needs and those mr. i was getting ready for

his tech shift of the dean this morning. he delivered milk across delhi this afternoon, its packages for a large delivery service. as always, he gets that by electric vehicle or for an electric vehicles and much better than patrol driven bacon and magento. so rhetoric, mistress went off around $1800.00 drivers, employed by electric b logistics. so why does the single the founder see the ad on a mission to electrify lock mind delivery services? that refers to those vehicles that deliver products from make bread and gadget to pretty much everything that can be purchased online. right to the doorstep. last minute ecosystem was one of the significant contributors for this air pollution crisis and all the mental city that we know you don't do any kind of that is you know, carbon emissions. they have no carbon dioxide emissions at all. demand for foster delivery dimes is growing and businesses are rising to the challenge with many

aiming to deliver products within 30 minutes to one hour window. india quick commerce market is expected to go to a value of 5 and a half $1000000.00, or $5100000000.00 euros by 2025. but the trend is taking its toll on the environment. the non profit research group standard recently conducted a survey on the last my emissions on the 6th largest global delivery company. it found that total last mine delivery emissions and india equal and estimated $500000.00 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent to the and we'll see you do emissions of more than $100000.00 federal passenger vehicles. ah, 80 percent of transport emissions is actually emerson's emissions in not believing june. so which is eyes and been the st. john's for their missions. it could be, you know, commercial transport, personal, private transport,

but mostly to go motion transport rate, which, which is what is affecting us mostly for, for some fuel combustion. me, quantity daily, the cost of any major city in the world. the city's government has introduced campaigns such as switch to tackle the problem the state has now given companies in the cab, ford, and e commerce, delivery sectors and deadline. they need to convert barron diet to electric by april 2030. we have had very, very positive results on the uptake of electric, regular decisions last year, 2020 to 10 percent of new decisions re electric. and in december we touched a point of 16 percent. and in fact, the biggest change is coming in the commercial vehicle segment. for last my delivery of goods in 2020 to 60 percent of

a because it is target lectric. so it's a major shift that we are seeing in not districts firms. ingal is considered a formidable player in the green logistics sector. the company handles almost half of the daily base business of grocery giant, amazon fresh and gowns, almost all major e commerce companies as partners. but it's not all plain ceiling. i think the broad challenge that everybody feels right now is the lack of infrastructure in the market. so when you talk about judging of marriage, when you talk about electrical connections, right? and dealing with this comes, let us tell us nag deli plans to do on our 30000 charging point in the coming years . currently just under 2500 ad opperation ah, my interaction to bill, lot of tv lo drivers have been the the lack of charging axis where they live drivers who have talked about difficulties in having charging

points either installed in their homes or in basements or within their, the places they live, even if it is not a gated community. one company helping to build a workable energy infrastructure for ease is mobility. to solve the charging point problem, it offers that be as you go model, which allows drivers to swap batteries that designated swap points. around 250 points in the city ah, vase in people. we detach the battery from the waco from the electric waco, or discharge the battery comes into the station. he puts it into the station and hopefully by 3 comes out. for the last 2 and a half months, minute off has been using some mobility slap points twice a day at the water more metro station. his daily earnings have gone up to about

1000 piece. that's around 11 euros from when he used to died. his petrol that show while ha, while gillian, lot of ways and there are no issues like the need to use the cables or wires for charging and i'm out of you normally just come here to teams twice and used tokens for the charging by then we have a josh by 3 already and i think i can talk to between just 10 to 15 minute. my god in this one. the reason why they put in here. but there is still a long way to go. india as energy mix, which includes $75.00, which is fossil fuels, means evie cannot be completely off andy, but there's still better for the environment than federal power breakers. and the daily authorities are optimistic. the ambitious electric brake policy launched in 2020 to ensure that a quarter of all new registrations by 2024 our electric. and meanwhile, e v drive was like some torch,

missouri are leading the way on the city street. in more than half the world spoke to listen, relies on advice as a daily source of calories he, autumn. india was staple, can be on the menu up to 3 times. the b. no growing rice may be good for our health . it's surprisingly bad for the planet. our reporter wanted to know is that a better way to produce it? bryce is not like on the crops. it was domesticated on 3 separate continents and has fed hungry civilizations across asia, africa, and south america for thousands of years. across the world, right farmers land, a common technique. they found the grain grew bettering wet soil than dry one. and when they flooded fields, they found weeds died but rice survived. that's why even today, farmers keep field flooded for month at

a time. and here's what makes rights. one of the dirtiest crops we grow. when back here in the soil break down dead plants, the usually released carbon dioxide. but in a flooded field where i can't get in, there's less oxygen to react with the carbon in the organic waste that encourages the growth of bacteria that make a gas called methane instead. methane doesn't last as long in the air c o 2, but it hits the planet 80 times more over 20 year period. what's more, the nitrogen in the fertilizer means putty spew out nitrous oxide, which is $270.00 times more powerful than fear 2. if you look at emissions per kilogram, a bowl of rice itself isn't worse than a pork sausage or a block of cheese. but the sheer amount we eat means fixing right could save a ton of pollution. the most obvious solution is to drain feels. so bacteria don't make me thing across east asia. farmers have drained the paddies in

the middle of the growing season to save walter at what has grown even scarcer. the trying a method of alternatively wetting and drying the puppies. so the rice still has enough water at its roots, but you're just reducing the amount of water that's sitting around and not reduces the amount of methane not being produced in the fields. this is mossey buranski, a scientist cleaning up rice and thailand. so in principle, it's a simple technology and doesn't require any special machinery. you literally put a perforated tube or even a soda can into the ground which shows you the level of the water below the surface. and so you let the field drain naturally until it reaches that level, which is the bottom of the roots of the rice. and then that's when you flood the field. again. this simple trick is half methane emissions on some farm and it saves

water that's going increasingly sca but if intimate and flooding and so great, why on farmers going all right, this way. the 1st reason is changing habits and policies in bangladesh. a recent study found the ultimate wetting and drying has failed to take off because promise don't have an economic incentive to save water. they pay for the area of land. they are again, not the amount of water they use. so they see little benefit from using that. the 2nd problem is nitrogen fields where the water content varies over the season, produce more nitrous oxide than fields that hurry the wet or dry. that's because wetting and dry and create cracks in the soil that let him oxygen which react with nitrogen to form nitrous oxide. using less let lie, the can help avoid this, but trying to still trying to work out how to stop it entirely. but the problem is that you get less rice at the soil, gets to drive one review, found yields fell 5 percent in field that were repeatedly drained and flooded. it

doesn't sound like a lot, but it can be life changing for vomas'. a simple way to fix this, as by wetting and drying fields any sparingly, instead of flipping from burn dry to. so this means you get the same amount of rice but can still save one quarter of the water. another solution is to boost youth with other techniques, one approach and the system of rice, intensification that has spread around the world. it creates a better environment for growing rice by doing 4 things. found as take any the healthiest seedlings to plant in the bodies. they space and other parts of they don't fight over nutrients. they wet and dry fields and they chun soil to kill wheat. oh, small hold of farmers have started using the technique which has gained support from governments in countries from india to indonesia. the growing right clean is just one piece of the puzzle to hundreds of millions of tons of farm waste is

another. and the way father usually deal with it is toxic for both people and the planet. there are only a couple of useful things you can do with rice dro, like turning into animal feed or using and packaging. but these are very small scale applications, but i stroke what you need to do is somehow use it to make either energy or some lab product that can be used on the farm research. this is an a booty but nika, a scientist trying to work out what to do with the stroke daneen and that is only 2 weeks. i mean, don't harvest on nice job and the next group say good. so bidding 2 weeks after both collected transported and use it somehow, otherwise it a degrade that tight window. mean the cheapest option for the farmers is to just burn it. stubble, dining of the practice that bloss pollutants into the air and chokes anti cities. the biggest problem here is an even climate change. it's a deadly gases that everybody breathe. one way to fix that is to spray the field

with bacteria that breakdown the straw into mulch. farmers can mix it into the field to improve the fertility of the soil, which is great for crops. but breaking down the straw, take 3 full weeks until scientists can speed up the process. it'll eat into the planting time. another option is to take the straw out of the field and heated high temperature to turn it into a dry mouth coat by your child by a char, the poorest carbon rich substance that can be mixed into top. so it has tiny holes that trap water and fertilizer in the soil, lung producing amount pharmacy me to out. and it can even be chucked into power plants to replace dirty fuels like cold. it's promising i do. but setting up a buy a china mystery is tricky because the quality of rice draw very so much that makes it hot for the earned of the reactor to actually sell buyer child with consistent

property. when we're talking about any industrial process or any commercial buses, we need to ensure uniform quality, like every day there died and that he acted, i need to get the same quality or better. but if risa to thine out these technical things, they could create a powerful alternative to burning rice stroke. for now though, breaking it down on the fall, maybe the more promising solution fixing rice at a no brainer. it keeps apart from heating it safe, dwindling water supplies, it cuts air pollution, and it makes a global food system more secure in the face of increasingly extreme weather will make the task either is that unlike me to a dairy that no big rice industry lobbying against change and holding back progress . busy challenge instead is to change the habits and traditions of farmers around the world who can afford me the lower yields no more extreme weather from one staple to another. that's indispensable to french cuisine,

butter studies. so it's carbon impact can be more than 3 and a half times higher than plant beast equals. so good a wiegand crossel make the cut. let's get the one make from batters. can of legal croissant without butter. when over the french never go to the no butter. no, no, no, i don't want to live without butter. toys them so that surprises me. paris is burst beacon, pastry ship bernice lake aunt takes on the croissant challenge. just i bad thing and croissants can match normal ones. but did she place her bet without considering french butter fans with 8 kilograms per capita per year? there the world champions and butter consumption security. that's part of our culture. we love butter, like a must have in french cuisine knob to come to letters french just like the my get about. i have other with everything. all made don't do with rise with pasta,

we put butter and everything. but the small bottles of the grill, the ingredients are the same as in the original and val uneasily cons, beacon recipe, except instead of butter, she takes vegetable oil and soi drink instead of cow's milk. the croissant is considered the supreme discipline among beacon bake goods. let al develop to nicholas. this is the taste of butter is unique and difficult to replay and the vegetable oil makes the pastry dry out more quickly. okay, so you have to adjust the moisture and the yeast del accordingly. hot it in as a slice is ash. when the dough is rolled out, the star of the show is usually butter. baron east icon it takes. marjorie instead thinly rolled out, it's placed between the dough. the dough is folded over and over again, and then rolled out. this is how puff pastry is made

it rela, by, by the close language to get even classes, we use a cross song catalyst. they think you don't learn that in training, but it just is vast head of it. the class across on shape, however, is still done by hand. and into the oven, they go. let's see whether the beacon version can convince the butter connoisseurs in paris. baron is laconic, opened her store in 2017. it was frances burst, big and pastry store. at the time, she wants to appeal to as many people as possible doesn't edited again, people who are happily vague and may still miss classes long or forget eltic. children with an egg allergy can discover pastries with that and entered the bathroom. sometimes people throw their arms around me because they haven't had pastries them so long, all like they have, i'm and we have them with no dairy and no eggs. my last off i'll put it is on the modified classics are on offer here. macaroni with moran made from chick the water

instead of beaten egg whites or lemon tarts with tumour. rick instead of egg yolk for colour. stay on that. as i've asked again, what attracts me to vague and baking is the challenge. i got a phone call when we opened 5 years ago, there was almost nothing there. now there are innovative methods and new, vague and product. it's on the as well. the challenge is to keep the recipes evolving to try manually fall fiscally. and it was that speaking of a challenge, the course songs are ready, butter versus no butter. because in which one's better to me as good news or pleasant, better conclusion. any more,

it's less doughy and crispy, or i prefer this one. if this is better, what can we finish them? the result, 5 to 5. what does the pastry shop say? i said i'm 5050. well, i'm relatively happy with that. uh huh. so it's a draw. perhaps the french are less butter crazy than they themselves believe. well, when intention meets action, even on deeply had beliefs and practices have the potential to change for the better. if you have kicked an old habit to help the environment, tell us about it on eco india at b w dot com. i'll see you again next week. good bye and thanks for watching. ah

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