to take talk about hackers and paralyzing entire societies computers then now some are you and governments that go crazy for your data. we explain how these technologies work, how they can only go up wilson for and that's how they can also go terribly. watch it now on youtube. and it died habituation. 6 on february 6th 2018. the falcon heavy rocket took off on its maiden flight

2 and a half minutes after launch the 2 side boosters detached. 8 minutes after lift off. the pair touched back down in cape canaveral in a synchronized landing. it was another p r coup or space x and it's bound or ellen musk, who's become a leading figure in the burgeoning sector called new space. in germany and elsewhere. a growing number of commercial companies are now building rockets. software developers use satellite data to monitor gas pipelines and forests. college students build miniature research satellites and launch a rockets and at the political level, rivalries are intensifying. europe is competing against russia and china to install its own secure satellite network. a new age of space travel has dawned

in 2016, an interdisciplinary group called tude sat, was set up here at the technical university of dom stop in germany. these members are working on small scale satellites. i've often was when i'm measuring just 10 centimeters wide. they are cube sats will later be fitted with sensors that can measure gamma radiation and charged particles and outer space. they also have a special outer coating who's a little of latino satellite, as retro reflective film, will illuminate this with a laser from down here and see whether the feedback identifies it as ads. i know j . k. it's the experiment because satellites and especially keeps answer, often get lost after the launch do. so you can't say which one is yours and on the, and we want to see if we can find our satellite ivanhoe. who had of his he a video that didn't, didn't, can, was fiano hom as t. we can also create photo and video recordings from space. which can mean more

media attention and coverage, yada or max on. and that could get more people interested in space on that and fish . oh, man auto silence of a guy, son. in a few weeks, these students will be taking part in a college competition organized by the european space agency or isa. an important intermediate test of their progress of the winners get to take part in an 18 month professional satellite design training program. miss nicholas gonzales. we don't need to have done at all, but shows solid groundwork causes of it work which is thorough enough to show we've identified and addressed all the major issues article support and that what's left or details yet on trip is that in? so yes, this is a big deal for us also from would in on bottom as yahoo search of the dom shot university team comprises around $150.00 students drawn from various fields, physicists, computer scientists, mathematicians and electrical engineers. they all share

a passion for space. several have already completed internships with the isa, the german aerospace center, or other agencies that are mine. i'm putting on global. i moved, i was in one of the control rooms and got to dispatch a command to a satellite, evident off to think that that santa light is out there and many replies steal command. that's just amazing, just because i follow is mostly fellow. and i think it was when the space ex operations got all the media coverage that i thought i was, this is interesting and also kind of cool with it combined space and has good job opportunities. so we'll negotiating income. many young people have found inspiration in space x. the american company founded by ellen mosque in 2002, over a decade ago, he was still building his 1st rocket launch site in cape canaveral. within sight of the famous nasa launch pad. as he was eager to show in company videos over there

and then re helpful vehicle mosque was also keen to highlight 80 percent of all space x rocket components being built in house. the 1st rocket, the falcon, one was 100 percent privately funded and after a series of failed launches, musk focused on the falcon 9 was thing is the turbo pump. this is, this is the chamber nozzle. and there's always supporting structure and there with avionics and control. val for 3, june 2010, the maiden voyage of falcon 9. let that rebel abandon the reward for years of perseverance and risk taking back and 9 either musk hath of good sight. the son allan must cut a different approach or so he tried things without knowing whether they would work yet. and in fact now they didn't have a image for sonya to falcon. things like falcon, one didn't work, not but he carried on dust. always. yes. and that's his real achievement. if a,

by his own account, he was close to going bankrupt, taught us adamus dish dunbar banquets again, space exit among this i space x has changed public opinion. the more i listened up, although i always joke about all the nasa t shirts, you see kids wearing to day that the st. how trendy, they are oak august casa, if you will, you will go ahead and come log from the on walk. this is the and that's also thanks to space access, all kinds of, of us the space exit i stuff space travel is now in its next chapter. after decades of being state run, the american space shuttle blasted off on its last flight in 20110. i left off the final lift off of it, lance shoulders of the flight mark the end of protracted development cycles and hugely expensive production. as shown in a comparison of rocket launches, launching every key low of that space shuttle into low earth orbit cost an estimated $65400.00 compared to rushes. so use rocket at just under $18000.00 per

kilo mole. europe's arianna 5 rocket cost a little over 10000 followed by space. x is cut price falcon $9.00, and then the val can heavy that just $1500.00 per kilo at space ex, development and production or under the same roof. some rocket components are made of a lightweight aluminum lithium alloy. the lower stage is reusable, which brings a range of cost related benefits. german companies are learning from this american example. their micro launchers, as they're called, have a payload of between 500 kilograms and 1.3 tons. currently they're still in the development and testing phase. none have actually taken off yet. the photo from micro launch from nist, us moves left and the advantage of micro launchers is that payloads can be put into

a specific orbit on schedule clients. and even if they are smaller to live close snippets, hint of a big a rockets might be more cost efficient in terms of price per kilo kilogram. but clients have to accept compromises. they're cool because they're going exactly where other payloads are also headed, hoops less. now, including the german teams promise of faster flight into space and that the satellite reaches the precise orbit desired by the client. but they likewise have to keep production costs low as the market has become highly competitive. to people who build from there are over a 100 companies and start us worldwide offering their services by noon than so who's at the same time, there's considerable demand among satellite customers, but often so the conclusion that demand means that satellites are booming in the new space industry again, thanks also to space ex movers clinton with

since 2018 the company has been launching its star link satellites on a regular basis. these provide internet that can download a 100 megabits per 2nd space x is primarily targeting more remote regions of the world that don't have vast landline access. there are already over 2000 starling satellites orbiting the earth. in january 2022, there were around 4800 satellites in orbit and that figure has since risen almost 3 and a half 1000 were used by commercial entities. 150 served civilian purposes like research . 506 were government owned, and 411 were for spying and military purposes. the rest don't belong in any one category. satellites have become multi purpose. take the sentinel family operated by the isa and part of the use, copernicus, earth observation program. the sentinels are used for monitoring the oceans, measuring pollutants,

and the atmosphere and mapping landscapes. farmers for example, can use their data for vegetation maps. these tell them where their crops are growing well and where they aren't. them came to us where they need to use less or more fertilizer this year. the theme satellites are also helpful for monitoring gas pipelines. high resolution images reveal chill hazards on the ground with some offer accuracy to within 30 centimeters. but for now, this is still a niche market on top of that. and if i flip back, had availability for high resolution data right now is still limited because there aren't many satellites an orbit capable of delivering it in them on the ship abide . but if you look at planned missions, including those by imaging companies, you see that many satellites will be launched in the near future with precisely these 50 and 30 sent me to resolutions that on ties

a centimeter oscars and hum. this level of detail means new space companies could also monitor the movement of goods at ports, for example, or detect a forest fire before it breaks out. an increasingly important asset in light of climate change feed emitters. dennis runtime, the many medium sized companies don't know just how much value there is and satellite data sensors and drones. our vision and mission is to make people aware of this through various applications had so platter muscles of thing, and dive. and we'd also like to cooperate with local authorities in the near future when common 9 am don beholden, launched him together, low cost rockets and the satellite boom are feeling a new phase of the space industry. in 2021, spending amounted to $370000000000.00. according to market intelligence firm euro consult by 2030. that figure is set to rise to 642000000000.

the berlin air show, or isla, is one of the premier events of its kind in europe. new space is also a big topic here. i know the couldn't about nickel. one of our clients is setting up a communications constellation around the moon, and a certain famous american player has said their sign on mars os and vizier in his daughter and i was against estate investors from around the world are now interested in space, travel all in here they use different development methods for faster and more flexible production solutions. speakers mental had been bad. it's the dom shot students 1st time at the isla, just 2 weeks earlier. they found out that they had won a different international college competition as a prize there satellite will get to hitch a ride on a chinese rocket. ah business. ah gosh, no, actually we lost sight of this because the announcement was

a year earlier on that because not a forecast. so we forgot about it and thought we weren't going to hear anything any more. other than all kind of traditionally hooked up. the said, then we got this really positive news at all. as opposed to your miracles, irishman, now they have to hurry to get everything ready in time for the launch. though, linda, that's the biggest challenge. it's extremely short. notice for our mission to launch a satellite belief. so that's what we're most worried about. it was my story. given the time constraints, the group are pondering the idea of getting other university teams to build individual components or the body of the satellite. in the meantime, their own research continues. here, they're visiting a company that is helping out with equipment and expertise. the students are fitting their satellite with the reflective outer film to enable them to later locate it using a laser on the cubes that had 6 are cubes that had 6 sides and 4 are completely taken up by solar cells. one partially and the other one is completely covered with

the film nicholson opens up. we need to find out whether our film is suitable for outer space and has the optical properties we expect tom developed. and in particular, whether the film reflects enough of the laser beam, they want to see how it compares with a regular household mirror, which throws back over 95 percent of the beam. it's time to test the films reflective capacity. the result 2.5 millivolts. the reading means the return beam is 2000 times weaker despite the very short distance. it's a sobering result. but even that low level of reflection, the students say, might be enough to locate the satellite hundreds of kilometers away. they also planned to attach tiny corner cubes to the exterior, to improve reflection. isn't even there, polished on 3 sides to ensure the light is reflected back where it came from,

the look of the kid, the commonly used in aerospace known but said this is state of the art instead of the art thing. the pebble sized components cost $80.00 euro's each, however far more than the film for college projects, like there's the financial factor is an important one. something that was likely not an issue for the 1st satellite designers. they're only aim was getting a satellite in the space. in october 1957, the soviet union succeeded it. sputnik one transmitted a signal back to earth. sputnik success shocked the west air with come fit with army. those of yet on your own, on these in a thought leading border fundings of yet wasn't given. das magazine as selina. it wasn't really about function focus yet than a sputnik. all sputnik one could do was go beep, beep beep. it was essentially just to show a power as just like the race to the moon. the of the science and technology were

secondary soon. the main point was who's 1st is who's the fairest of them all? he is king. i'm for home vista, asterisk assurance and grants in london. in response to months after sputnik, the americans launched their vanguard satellite into orbit. but the lift off was a disaster. the rock had ascended just one meter 20 off the ground. it was a bitter set back in the cold war rivalry. but then that my 2nd attempt to launch a space satellite, hours long, the u. s. is parallel explorer program was headed by venna font brown, who had earlier worked on nazi germany's b one and b, 2 rockets. in february 1958 of the american media celebrated the explore one becoming the country's 1st satellite to enter space is showing that to the dollar

late. that when, if the ally ethel foul is the father of a, is an anglican novel of any for the f who live if he invented design. the subsequent decades saw that 2 superpowers pumping vast sums of money into their respective space ventures. eventually launching spy satellites. to the militarization of space had begun. the americans were determined to keep the soviet union in check. and in the 1980s announced plans for a laser and satellite based protective shield against enemy missiles, nicknamed star wars. the program never took off. but the battle for space supremacy continued with a renewed focus on military applications, especially for satellites fact to the present. in february 2022, the french city of to loose hosted the use spaced summit. one major point on the

agenda was europe's need for a more proactive defense policy. so they can exist. they said that it is junkie bush. there are now a spy satellites that can communicate with our own satellites, gets you and foreign powers developing technologies for shooting down objects in orbit. devil did is observe. this is the real world now. not science fiction is the best one and something some of our rivals are investing heavily in peoplesoft and local fuel chief among those rivals is china and emerging space nation after sending a series of astronauts into orbit beginning in 2003. the country now has its own space station up and running. according to media reports, china is also planning to set up a network comprising up to 20000 satellites, bankrolled by the government. right now, the united states is still the world's biggest spender on space programs. in 2021,

they invested almost $55000000000.00, followed by europe with around $14000000000.00. china has been gaining ground with $10000000000.00. less than half of that was spent by japan and russia. under pressure to respond, the e u plans to build up its own network of internet satellites by 2030. the estimated total cost is $6000000000.00 euros is extremely important, is driving secured communication. and when i say security is pretty security. in other words, using quantum technologies to have a specific quantum encryptions, which will allow a to protect a government and communication. aw, be companies reasoning for defense. the european space agency is itself pushing for more urgency on both the internet satellite front and mand moon landings. i will, you is settling and it wasn't up to the extent it's vital that we're part of the

discussion and of chasing after holy in in thus accelerate, we need to catch up where accelerate in how we use space for society. and also with regard to human exploration here, human exploration, europe space strategy has based criticism. in the past, decision makers have been accused of dragging their heels and being to bureaucratic and of sleeping through the new space trend. and when will vision with the alley on the lexical, you only have to look at arianna 6, an example of collective failure across the board logging. i load sure that still unable to fly and is not reusable illustrates everything that's not working here. yeah, listen, i will turn yet the launch of arianna 6 has been delayed several times since 2020, but the rocket has europe's hopes pinned on it and is scheduled to take off and 2023 men of criminals, which the dom shot students have been making faster progress, the universities rocket team are currently reviewing video footage of

a test flight event. they attended. a budding racketeers from across germany, relished the chance to fire their contraptions up to one kilometer into the sky. all the student version is a small test rocket powered by water pressure in god, which is pouring the water into the tank at times and the tension mounts. according to the group's calculations, the rocket should reach a height of almost 40 meters, but will the 47 winds put the brakes on their efforts will damage. so bottom line, typically we have a successful parachute deployment federal schools on the bushes. would you like katy here? not the rocket post flight looks really good to scoot with done and then here

are data on the dots. isn't that isn't a kitten, as, especially in light of the rugged size when you might think it was a failure miss upward about. but the fact that we launched that, that the principal worked and we had a successful parish deployment, which means that it was a big success there foreclosure shortly afterwards. launch number 2, rocket science involves a lot of trial and error. the bi. oh i'm oh, ah 19 ah, the slightest. oh good. this is the sorry outcome of our 2nd flying into the title, like the lowest section stayed intact, but the head with the electronics, it has been torn apart because the parachute didn't deploy properly at all. the students are now planning to switch from water pressure to solid fuel, which will deliver far more thrust. he meant if it comes on some business,

but now medium term goal is to keep on taking parting college competitions. where teams have students compete against each other with their rocca's teams getting under an medium. but in a solid feel, engine is a good option. because if it's straightforward structure function and handling some, some things and the development time is shorter than an original liquid liquid engine concept significantly, physically pick. so you can focus more on the rockets other components. wouldn't ducky to constantly in a new generation of space enthusiasts lou, but growing commercialization also means a changing nighttime sky. over $20000.00 satellites could be orbiting the earth just 10 years from now or the heavens in danger of losing their magic. oh, they're unblocked to stand him for thousands of years. the starry nighttime sky has inspired natural scientists to ask what those points up there actually aren't them disappointed that home? the stick to enough there's

a more profound dimension involved. where you wonder, who has the authority to intervene and say, the starry sky in itself is something worth protect eggs and sweaters. over half of all satellites, including those belonging to starling, are located in low earth orbit or leo, up to 2000 kilometers above earth. medium earth orbit is where the gps, galileo and other navigation satellites operate, long jew stationary orbit or geo for television satellite circle. the planet is at 35786 kilometers lou. some operators like space ex, have been darkening their satellites in order to reduce their reflectance and not ruin the romance of the night time sky. but they continue to pose a problem for professional stargazers the honda to didn't did. and i we have satellites that leave marks on images and can distort readings of if

a satellite is flying right by a celestial object i am currently examining. then it's a problem. i put on those who can measure done that thus finish. that indicates if it all comes down to a fundamental question. what, what prevent satellite operator is from launching the thames but hundreds of thousands of them. nothing. and nobody nissan ne month. the fact is that there are few space regulations of lee. there is the outer space treaty negotiated in 1967 by the un. it's terms govern the peaceful exploration and use of the moon, for example. and the ban on the deployment of weapons of mass destruction in outer space, o, ne, gave them phase and moon exploration, and assert, and he claimed national sovereignty over the moon, less fuel. but as this is the province of all mankind.

but there seem to be no bounds to the commercialization of outer space. no written stipulations on who can put how many rockets satellites or people into orbit and at which altitude and no regulations on space debris. but then it must be rest shuffle, vaughn, to create law. you need the consensus of stakeholders on van. and if a large number of the important party say it's not really necessary to create a law, then you have a huge problem ish. problems in these, gus, probably when he, china, russia and the us have a manifest interest in keeping written and legal commitments to a minimum so that they can essentially do what they want was done and conceived martin kern vasa for the i'd say, gosh, wow, the only agreement that exists is that everyone does what they can to prevent collisions. but there's no agreement on any details, tigers genes or does this dish alcohol more satellites means a growing risk of collisions. and there's the growing problem of space to breathe garbage in space. since 1957,

there have been around 6200 launches today. space debris amounts to over 130000000 objects. many just one or 2 millimeters in diameter together they weigh in at over $9900.00 tons and pose a major challenge that is on illegal guns. it's like to see rules like in a national park in move those who take their trash back home after a mission are permitted to fly. those who don't have to improve and show they will before being allowed to fly again. it has also before defeated. the students and dom shot had been given the chance to send their miniature satellite into space on board. a chinese carrier rocket, or launch vehicle as we get older all with us, but they aren't sure it's politically ok to accept such help from china. owned a not true shambria, this is long. we didn't want to decide this for everyone. so we conducted a survey, hostess of tennessee, it looks like 70 to 80 percent have reservations,

or even major reservations the remainder a strongly in favor of us doing the launch food as fit until somebody launched them as well was i don't think any of us initially appreciated the scope of what we were getting involved and the mom since that became clear. we've had growing reservations. and right now it looks like we won't go ahead with the launch. ms. vonnie him. on the other hand, that will give them more time to focus on the european space agency competition. the earth's orbit has become a battle ground for conflicting political interests and also a new and lucrative economy. whether the various business models of the burgeoning new space sector will ultimately succeed in taking off remains written in the stars . ah, ah

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