used and finally it may be winter here in europe, but the surf is still up despite the cold. several hardy souls have been breaking the waters and the surface paradise of nazare and portugal. they are nearly 5000 meter, deep underwater canyon helps generate enormous waves. hundreds spectators watched on from nearby cliffs. here numerous circuit surfing records have already been said and you're up to date. thanks for tuning. i'm aaron tilton in berlin for what people have to say matters to us. ah,

that's why we listen to their stories. reporter every weekend on d. w for moved here in a sparse rocky landscape and jordan, a mysterious grave has been discovered the 9000 year old resting place of a young girl who is buried below the floor of a house in a stone age settlement. ah, the girl was buried alongside valuable, elaborate grave goods which will most likely symbols of a great sense of love and loss. meet us as humans settled, the dead became part of everyday life. whole people increasingly related to those they had lost and to their ancestors. upon the archaeologists who uncovered the

remains of the 8 year old child named her shamella. the beautiful ah what happened all those thousands of years ago? and what does the grave reveal about life in barsha? this neolithic settlement with the 26th of june 2018. in barger, the years excavations are drawing to a close and the archaeologists are carefully recovering the final artifacts from the site. it is business as usual,

until the team suddenly comes across shameless grave. they are amazed by their discovery i. the grange was extremely elaborate as all the grave goods. alongside tremulous remains i would say that the necklace of this child is outstanding. it is a fascinating piece of jewelry to console against. it gives you goosebumps, and it's incredible. even compared to ancient. petra was one times todd the berry treasures taken to germany for further examination. the restoration experts, antonia fisher and ali spook heart. prepare the beads so that the archeologist ha, she can reconstruct the necklace

which will then be returned to jordan. suddenly the modern world is brought to a standstill by a virus. international travel largely ceases. and national borders are closed. finally, an autumn of 2021. the experts from the fire only vegetate billions, ex audi and to scientific association, are able to return with shameless restored necklace. oh, the stone age artwork is to receive a special place in a new petro museum near the basha excavation site. archaeological discoveries are only allowed to be taken out of jordan for research purposes, but they remain the countries property before jemila. nicholas is mounted in the museum, the restoration experts and archaeologists make another visit to the discovery site . what will they uncovered this time?

husky, oak ca gabe who came to basha in 1984 and has overseen the excavations ever centrals . khalid read z add a li, fazel, and mohammed a members of the marine tribe. some of them have spent decades assisting with the excavations along with their families. many of the local bedouins once lived in and around neighboring petra, as tourism, became increasingly important. the jordanian government moved them into a purpose built village albania. the village is also the base camp. for the barger archaeologists, the necessary equipment is stored in one of el bait. as simple houses the team only

ever take what they really need with them. as getting to the site is extremely difficult. with the pickups, make their way through the dusty rocky landscape to the entrance into the deep basha gorge. the spouse vegetation here requires irrigation to grow with these large trees. on the other hand grew without human interference. they marked the beginning of a gorge shaped by masses of water, of a thousands of years known locally as a seek from here, the team has to continue on foot. the luggage makes the climb even more challenging . multiple journeys are required to transport everything to the site.

despite the difficulties, the seek remains the easiest way to access the well hidden location. it is safe to assume that people took the same route to the settlement, 9000 years ago. somewhat unsurprisingly, father was 1st discovered by a mountaineer. more than 30 years ago, the austrian climber came across some stone age tools at the foot of one of the rock walls. housekeeper ca gabor's, learned of the discovery and set out to investigate, guided by curiosity and lock. in 1984, gabriel had to navigate the gorge without equipment. these days, 3 lad is remain in place in the seek during the excavations while the others are required at the site itself. with the remote

hidden location of the stone age village protected the artifacts from grave robbers, and from later human expansion and construction towards the top of the seek opens up to reveal the high plateau the archaeologists have named barsha after the surrounding mountains. marian benson hans kia ca gabe or find themselves in familiar surroundings. but it is the 1st time andrea fisher and alleys, poor cod, had laid eyes on the excavation site, which amelia's grave and the beads, the 2 restoration experts have now been working on for almost 2 years, were found for thousands of years. the only visitors to this place consisted of a k personal goat heard is. the 9000 year old village was discovered during the removal of the 1st layer of earth. archaeologists can only based

their conclusions on materials able to survive for millennia, such as rock, horn, bone, or shell, the jordanian archaeologist an art historian, serene. albuquerque uses the scientific results of her colleagues, as well as her knowledge and her imagination to bring the village back to life. i'll show baki was part of the excavation team in 2018 and has developed a strong bond with the ancient site. it is the 5th time marianna bens has visited barsha in 2018. she and halla, al at ashi, uncovered tremulous grave. that's over for the me. vasa is like winning the lottery vision and i was able to excavate a number of graves that told me a lot about ancient and social structures. that is my specialist else. denial mind that transition from the magic to sedentary ways of life and the resulting social

changing se. as a child find, in barger, one of the oldest villages discovered to date this transition occurred around 9000 years ago. along with jericho and hazel, faster and other places, basha is part of the so called mega site phenomenon along the jordan rift valley, which introduced new socio economic patterns to the area. oh, initial settlements were founded here around a 1000 years, b. c. these settlements expanded, covering areas of up to 16 hector's then banished again. barza lies approximately half way between the red sea and the dead sea. at the edge of waddy ariba. the dead sea region acts as a form of natural archive for geologists and hydrologists. the strata old layers of rock and soil reflect the climatic conditions of the past. a warm period

began around 12000 years ago, causing glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise. the changing climate resulted in cold, damp, winces, and hot summer months. ideal conditions were growing grain and legumes. these changes, along with the fertile soils allowed previously nomadic peoples to settle in one place. villages sprung up and then expanded their inhabitants farmed land and enjoyed their new found leisure opportunities at the time, the landscape between a man an october probably looked similar to the north of modern day jordan, where reforestation efforts are now proving successful.

to date it is not known how the people who lived on the plateau gained access to water. there was no indication that there was a spring in the vicinity. did the villagers perhaps used to seek as a reservoir? and what did this remote plato look like at the time? you know, life is changing from bus until now, and i don't know, we have many things that make high temperature in doors. and at before in the site they have like can water source out the site indicate from the tools the lift to it's also when you find some tools, they use the co, again, dean like see, and this is indicate that they use it for planets and it was good in 11th, comply there, there. the people of barsha lived are farming and their livestock month. they

primarily grew lagoons and we have found conclusive proof that they found peas. the alps as animal protein must provided by sheep and goats and johnston would do shop . we assumed that the field stretched out towards valley arabic and were also located up here towards the east of the arabian plateau. which dunwoody anava at the time this mount? the beginning of the vast stems which are now desert, or yet the coals steppin unpinned so at the american side or to who's this population number's increased rapidly. carbohydrates will now readily available, which was not the case for hunter gatherer societies. women were therefore able to give birth every 2 years, rather than every 4 to 5 years. but why would people choose to settle in such a constricted area?

there would have been a limited amount of land available for farming. an access to water was as problematic then as it is now for tyler z, even darlin does as up one of the advantages of this location is that it is quite remote law. in addition, at once, it was settled, there was little chance of territorial dispute. yeah. and then the people may have argued amongst themselves over land wide, but there was no outside threat is also muffin of a neat mammoth on the because space was limited. dwellings were built close together layer by layer the work as advanced further into the past. some of the walls reach depths of around full

meters, which suggests the buildings had at least 2 stories. ah, the, a small and have little or no daylight. the excavations confirm that they will largely use for food preparation and storage. as yet, there is no indication of any path, so lanes between the buildings and the can. we can say with some confidence that the settlement was very densely constructed. wherever we duck we uncovered walls, comma one. it is increasingly clear that the little rooms me excavated in the initial phases, were too small for people to live in the i'm of we therefore assume that much of the villages life to place on the roofs and in nature of the hole in the la to are active as hunters and gatherers small numbers of humans had spread out across vast territories. now hundreds lived close together for marianna benson.

this raises a number of questions. how's the people lived in houses built side by side for at least 500 years of largely without any apparent conflict. it's hard to imagine that the neighbor wasn't 500 meters or a kilometer away, but right next door, exactly. that is extremely socially challenging. enormous at all hours on the home . little is known of how the people of the time organized their lives. what rules were stablished, protect social cohesion, and which familial constellations made use of the buildings. and how since associated with jojo gretzky of the german archaeological institute examines the bones found during the excavation to learn more about how the people were related to each other, the ages and the causes of death. does not the bones are very fragile. and when he

brushed the dirt away, you can see them very clearly, but as soon as you pick them up, they fall apart and we have to reconstruct them in the laboratory and are therefore unable to obtain the results we can get from well preserved skeletons. nonetheless, guleski is able to come to some initial conclusions thus, yes i this is a child scuttle it's facing in my direction. part of it still concealed in the earth under the wall. unfortunately, there are at least 2 people here, one adult, one child. there might be more children, flight americana, at the time, people were buried under the floors inside the buildings, rather than some distance from the village. as this dunker dozens of why i think our modern burial practices would be as much of a mystery to them as theirs are to us. we try to keep our distance from death. of

course our burial sites are not located in our houses. in fact, we try to establish them outside population centers, so we can stay as far away from death as possible. that may be, this would have been considered inappropriate back then, should be da modeling, for it may even be the complete opposite of what they believed that i from the embassies is a good afternoon. ah, shamella was also buried below the floor of a house where she would have remained close to the living. as most a forced air. they will be up to lay. i was sealed and whitewashed. i to resemble the rest of the floor. one tavar below that was a layer of stone chip safely touch log and then intentionally shattered sandstone tiles that glitter like a mother of pearl in the sunlight when the broken band won't come. because a colo that was the largest lan, wanna take and raising that was very exciting. how was it? we lifted it up. and when we saw was sand comes that we brushing and brushed and

brushed. the team feared that the grave was empty and was close to re sealing it. and then come the us and then we saw the beats. at 1st we numbered each one individually, and then we began numbering groups national some eventually we were just taking photos and making small sketches before we removed whole bundles. with their with 2500 beads and all and calls and 12500 beat more than had ever been found in one place in this area. where did they come from? and what was their purpose? in the spring of 2019 the valuable objects are sent to the academy of art and design in stuttgart. which spec wise is in conserving historical cultural discoveries. ah, elise pooh account is responsible for restoring each individual element of the

artifact. while the archaeologist halla ashy is tasked with reconstructing the entire piece by evaluating traces left during the production process and in use, a lot of she is able to determine what purpose certain beads served. ah, the barger treasure is kept safely in a small back room on the 3rd floor, at least work out nose every inch of it in incredible detail. a fat. so al, initially, when the objectives were collected in bags pan, it was impossible to determine what condition the individual beads were in that as i'm one of course the archaeologists expressed their wish that me would produce an exhibition piece. but we had to evaluate everything 1st. but what time, whether this would be possible, depending on the condition of the beats, and how many could actually be exhibited. and austin 1000 bmw

at least poor cut, examined every single one of the $2500.00 beat, checking the deposits on the surface. and carefully removing them under the microscope. using a variety of methods boycott attempts to restore each valuable bead to as close to its original state as possible. she then uses synthetic resins to conserve the beat and prepare them for the process of reconstructing the entire pace. this treatment can be reversed if future generations of scientists have access to new technical processes and wish to re examine the original beats incredibly restoration. that's our eventually able to pass around 80 percent of the 9000 year old be john to holler ashy.

first of all, we tried to understand the position of all this beats without saying that this is a nicholas or this is a belt or didn't we just try to understand the relation of the beats with the bones until he saw during this commission that these beats wherefore, san traded on the neck of a child. after considering the archaeological data, we started to concentrator exclusively on the beads and to try to understand the issue position. one discovery in particular, proved useful in reconstructing the ancient jewelry. one of the 1st things that we found during the desk of asian was there, ink as it was completely in a vertical position. so we started by excavating that edge of there in which a, which was very, very fragile. and we had to go down very,

very carefully. after i think, 3 days we finally got the entire ring, but it was fragmented, of course. and during this collision, we found that we still have small beats stuck to these before asians. and so we know we knew her since the beginning that there ink had a very important role in this necklace. the mother of pearl ringing is the centerpiece of the necklace and ties it altogether. the ring itself is produced from a single large shell ah, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the methods and abilities of the people at the time, the akio technician voice hain, attempted to create an accurate replica of the original. this may not be a rigorously scientific experiment,

but it provides some indication of what tools and techniques we used 9000 years ago . that is from him, from the moment i heard about the badger be necklace, i'll to recreate it using original stone edge tools or you know when for, to touch the 1st, when i had to find a large shell for the shopping, the ominous that at the outline of the ring is edged on to the shell using a burin made by splitting a sanction of a piece of flint, with a single well aimed blow king. yet if you could have killed that worked, the edge here is what we will work with on the other cut to metabolic motion. at least this method was probably used to call the entire ring out of the shell. but you have to be very careful when drilling you have to turn on to

be and exert very little pressure. otherwise, the drill bit or the shell may break. the shell may have been somewhat exotic, but the people of bars are most likely found the raw materials for the sandstone beat on their doorstep vanished what they were probably produce using the same method to be seen elsewhere. i tried it several times. it takes a lot of patience and care every 5th beat or so brace, which is clenched i. these small stones, a ground smooth with the edges of the stones, or sanded down to produce the necessary curves. the next step is particularly risky. voice haine carefully uses a flint bit to drill

a tiny hole through the beat. zoe, this is lost. now the whole is completed color. we could sand down each bead individually, but there is also another possibility. we can place several beats on a stick, i'm stuck stricken when burden it is to go down, run the entire row over the slab together. meter none, none of those us thank letter, which, sorry ah discrete about instruction by turning the stick back and forth. i could ensure that all the bees and up the same size is quite a fast process. the corners and edges are already gone. if i continue doing this for half an hour or an hour than the beats will all look fairly similar the to turn

i limited when you got the beats were unbelievably small and intricate. the people must have been very skilled and have had sensitive hands in order to produce something so fragile. ah, the necklace is proof of the exceptional workmanship and the aesthetic sensibilities the early sedentary humans were capable of. and in no way conforms to familiar cliches about primitive stone age people. inspired by the nicholas, the team named the girl in the grave. shamella, the beautiful blue. imagine that this importance of this child that they took this whole, oh masterpiece and put it, hide it in the earth or after all this work. so yes, it's that now it has a lot of dimensions that we are only starting to understand.

every element of the necklace has several stories to tell about the raw materials, the production techniques, its place within the greater whole. and about the dead girl herself, ah tamela in so fennel lucas jemila has made history by changing accepted preconceptions of the neolithic age. youngster. the new stone age is often depicted as crude and simple. but the jewelry and the construction of the gray suggest that people had special skill sets and that there was a far ranging trade network or keys it is in the am quite the necklace is turquoise stone. this came from sinai, while the shells were from the red seen. the way it was threaded suggests it was something very special asking that this alice kansas on that was on the

discovery of other delicate pieces of jewelry, including fragile pendants and apparently mass produced rings made of red sandstone, reveals that the people of the age devoted a lot of time to producing hand crafted luxury goods the artifacts uncovered by the archaeologists confirmed that they were made in almost every single house to the limitations on struggling infant bond. shaw to the renowned barger sandstone renders, were made from coast disks that were more or less round. they were then hollowed out by scraping a deep grooves in which eventually allowed the centerpiece to be removed. heil done her last name. these the experimental archeologists reveals the next steps in the production process. not a little ruined after the center is removed and there are 2 ways of working on the red feed. we can either use our

b or into achieve the shakela want or we send it down into the right side syndicalism. her life can fly sound as sounding and grinding. it would have been audibly to any one approaching a neolithic settlement for a long way away. the fragile sandstone rings remained something of a mystery. miss nick can, but we don't know quite what they will useful. we assuming that quantity played an important role. the more rings one had the more prestigious one was he shot. my theory is that they were used as coupons for trade in that objects could be exchanged for certain services or favors of india. such objects may also have included shells or ring and there were symbols of appreciation and help to increase

social cohesion. yeah. interestingly, there was also a type of forgery at the time, similar rings with the same distinctive red color, well says produce using mall in nearby basta. it was much easier and faster to work with mildly than with sandstone. and the rings were then simply dyed red. these rings were produced in areas where there was no sandstone. wooden forgeries have been a part of life ever since humans learned to make things sad. the menstrual duty of motto, gallop, and copy. for the demand for certain goods and far ranging trade networks came at a cost ah, the villages existence increasingly depended on access to raw materials and market forces. the exotic materials used to produce tremulous necklace are just one example of the significance of valuable objects. objects which had to be paid for

somehow a further challenge was maintaining a peaceful society in such a small space. as yet no indications of any form of hierarchical structure have been found. ah, madame modern study if reveals that once a group consists of a 150 people or more, it becomes very difficult to maintain control and ensure that disagreement stand escalate. megan aiden. conflict management is essential watchman. up to 500 people lived in barger, a large settlement by the standards of the time social conflicts could have led to a rapid breakdown of the community. this is just one of the possible factors that may have caused the inhabitants of barbara to abandon the settlement for ever. around 6900 b c. up these and big long. it is difficult to say whether this development was

a result of collapse or simply change, and perhaps a greater differentiation set in among the later settlers of an season began to move about and returned to the nomadic lifestyle. while others settled in smaller villages incline on and off on perhaps this was a better model fiarty, but that was both more sustainable and more socially compatible. had a package much of basha has been preserved as a result of the settlements remote location, jemila grave and her necklace are the most significant artifacts found at the excavation site to date. and we'll now we put on display in the new petra museum. ah. the country's entire history is on display here with barsha, appearing almost at the very beginning, barger also marked the beginning of development, which changed human lives far more than industrialization did in the 19th century

or digitalization is today. cultures came and went settlements, rose and fell. people moved on, but humans never returned to their former hunter gatherer existence. these ground breaking developments are preserved as a meal as burial sites. hussein al sabah is therefore determined to ensure that the grave is reconstructed as accurately as possible. my part is to rebuild the system of the grave in the museum and this is what i am doing right now. and i think it looks good. what do you think? in another room in the museum, andrea fisher alleys poor cut and ha, russia are similarly excited to see their work finally come to fruition. sole, after well known events,

the necklace was broken down to its component parts for the journey from germany to jordan, to ensure that the ancient piece of jewelry arrived unscathed. the strings of beads are now re attached to form the necklace that 9000 years earlier, grieving parents had placed around the neck of their deceased daughter. allah alada, she has produced a sketch to use as a guide. the concepts they year really thought before composing this nicholas it was studied and not only in terms of beads, it was also measured and conceptualized in terms of strength and chords. and this means that the other people were also involved not only bid makers, but also probably people who, where specialized in making chords or making strength certain tasks were most

likely performed by specialists. an early example of division of labor. how the inhabitants of badger source, the raw materials remains a mystery. if you want to have exotic materials, it's better that you'll be in a very or well situated village, where you can work your network and relationships in order to get her nice, a good quality for materials. and it's strange that they are almost hidden between the mountains. so this is weird when you see their environment. when you see the village on, you see the location. despite the remote nature of the village, barges inhabitants had close ties to their surroundings. it is impossible to say just how extensive this network was, but the people was certainly part of the wider world. while the experts in the museum are hard at work rebuilding jemila necklace,

excavations continue on the plateau. marian bent discovers a slab from a grave. is history repeating itself? once again, a burial site is found just as excavations draw to a close. but hans gail car gabriel has his doubts. it's not him after clearing the entire area, i now have a different idea. it's possible that the slab is simply lying on the floor, that there isn't actually a grave at all. but i'm not sure. the plaster and the layer of ash would suggest that it is a grave, but i can't be 100 percent sure. on his own, if i would brush away some more of the dirt and then use the scrape or to uncover moles buffer quotes, molten may be lifted slightly on cobra and then check if there is anything underneath or not. there's a 90 percent chance of it being a grave with lots of bones. so you're very optimistic. no, it sounds different here than it does here. can you hear it does come and i national

the might just be a hole in one place and that's true. clearly i'm wonder it now the on the it's loose until it's on pull it out horizontally as we don't know where the fracture is. it's not islam. now it's more damage than before fuzzy. what kevin lee, he oh dear, it's of puzzle pieces. now i did one of us resume. fortunately we have so restore as long as thought torn the buck i know precisely the slab has been removed and the tension mouse there are some larger stones here. once again, molly on has to work quickly as the excavation is about to finish for the year.

evening falls and work stops for the day. barza has a welcoming mystical atmosphere despite its remote location. and the hard work of the excavations, the archaeological team has been rewarded for 2 years of perseverance. with the discovery of jemila and her necklace. at the petro museum, hollered us, she, andrea fisher and elise boycott are also about to be rewarded. jemila nicholas has been completed and it's ready to be exhibited. finally, we finally found the appropriate place for it. yeah. okay. yeah. so i'm, yeah, that's how it should be. it looks good. ah,

we have, it's here. it's not only on paper, so we have it's really in the museum, so it's really great. ah. on the barge a plateau. the last day of excavation has begun up, so i removed the layer of plaster, but there's nothing but sand underneath doesn't prove harder with it. that's a shame, i thought that be more nothing has been found below the stone slab, but jojo guleski has discovered and laid bare a child sco in another room. a 2nd sco remain stuck in the earth. despite the time pressure gretzky hopes she can extract it in one piece. ah!

pollyanna's. carry on hands gala. look what i found. one was, what is it yet? the child's skull was here. and here's the cervical spine. and the ribs institute. the upper arm is precisely where it should be and there's a beautiful necklace around the neck. a bead necklace and pound. cat is of yeah, yeah. with long beads and a beautiful red and green stone. we're not time, but with your fantastic. huh. and that the last possible momma ha, ha, ha, ha, see this the situation is reminiscent of 2018 back then halla, she had to stop what she was doing, in order to retrieve shamela sensational necklace. now, in 2021, the same thing happens again. jojo caskey who discovered the grave, has to catch a flight and hal at us, she assumed responsibility for retrieving the jewelry. it is as though the ancient graves of badger telling the team,

make sure you come back. there is still much to discover. ah halla laura, she has collected the beads and numbered them. she will remain in albania for a time in order to examine the artifact piece by piece. what will this discovery reveal about human existence? 9000 years ago. in recent decades, basha has provided a wealth of information that has changed, accepted wisdom about the people of the neolithic age. our distant ancestors were able to spend time engaged in creative aesthetic and decorative pursuits because of an abundance of food. basha has fundamentally altered our understanding of the past yet so much about the ancient settlement still remains a mystery for now a

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