d w so i was just rescuing gadhafi from a farm. this one, this body globe. you know, i found it like this and i couldn't just leave it there. should meet this is such a great bird with it was so dirty that cleaning it, turn the entire bathroom into a mess. this is the water birds 1st as well. but one of the most beautiful moments i've ever experienced was that a truthful many of the of the dock you series about our complex relationship with animals. logo, i think i will live long enough to witness the end of factory farming. the great eat debate this week on d. w or ah,

m. here in a sparse rocky landscape and jordan, a mysterious grave has been discovered. the 9000 year old resting place of a young girl who is buried below the floor of a house in a stone age settlement. ah, the girl was buried alongside valuable, elaborate grave goods, which were most likely symbols of a great sense of love and loss. meet us as humans settled, the dead became part of everyday life. whole people increasingly related to those they had lost and to their ancestors on. and the archaeologists who uncovered the remains of the 8 year old child named her shamella. the beautiful ah, with happened. all those thousands of years ago.

and what does the grave reveal about life in basha, this neolithic settlement with the 26th of june 2018 in basha. the years excavations are drawing to a close, and the archaeologists are carefully recovering the final artifacts from the site. it is business as usual, until the team suddenly comes across shimaya's grave. they are amazed by their discovery i. the grange was extremely elaborate as all the grave goods alongside tremulous

remains i would say that the necklace of this child is outstanding. it is a fascinating piece of jewelry to cleanse off against. it gives you, goosebumps, it's incredible. even compared to ancient. petra was one times taught the berry treasures taken to germany for further examination, the restoration experts. andrea fisher and ali spoke heart prepare the beats so that the archaeologist ha, she can reconstruct the necklace which will then be returned to jordan. suddenly the modern world is brought to a standstill by a virus. international travel largely ceases. and national borders. a closed

finally, an autumn of 2021. the experts from the fire when he visited berlin's ex oriented scientific association, are able to return with him. he lives restored necklace, the stone age artwork is to receive a special place in the new petro museum near the bows excavation site. archaeological discoveries are only allowed to be taken out of children for research purposes, but they remain the countries property before the meal, as nicholas is mounted in the museum, the restoration experts and archaeologists make another visit to the discovery site . what will they uncovered this time? the hans keowee car gabriel came to barsha in 1984 and had overseen the excavations ever since valid red z

add a li fazel animal hammered. a members of the marine tribe of some of them have spent decades assisting with the excavations along with their families. many of the local bedouins once lived in and around neighboring petra, as tourism became increasingly important. the jordanian government moved them into a purpose built village albania. the village is also the base camp for the badger. archaeologists. the necessary equipment is stored in one of albedo as simple houses. the team only ever take what they really need with them. as getting to the site is extremely difficult.

with the pickups, make their way through the dusty rocky landscape to the entrance into the deep barsha gorge. the spouse vegetation here requires irrigation to grow. these large trees, on the other hand, grew without human interference. they marked the beginning of a gorge shaped by masses of water, of a thousands of years known locally as a seek from here, the team has to continue on foot. the luggage makes the climb even more challenging . multiple journeys are required to transport everything to the site. despite the difficulties, the seek remains the easiest way to access the well hidden location. it is safe to assume that people took the same route to the settlement, 9000 years ago. somewhat unsurprisingly,

father was 1st discovered by a mountaineer. more than 30 years ago, the austrian climber came across some stone age tools at the foot of one of the rock walls, housekeeper ca gabor's, learned of the discovery, and set out to investigate, guided by curiosity and luck. in 1984 cambridge had to navigate the gorge without equipment. these days, free lad is remain in place in the seek during the excavations while the others are required at the site itself. the remote hidden location of the stone age village, protected the artifacts from grave robbers, and from late a human expansion and construction towards

the top of the seek, opens up to reveal the high plateau. the archaeologists have named barsha after the surrounding mountains. marian benson hans kia ca gabor's find themselves in familiar surroundings. but it is the 1st time andrea fisher and alleys, poor cod, had laid eyes on the excavation site, which amelia's grave and the beads, the 2 restoration experts have now been working on for almost 2 years. were found for thousands of years. the only visitors to this place consisted of a k personal goat heard is. the 9000 year old village was discovered during the removal of the 1st layer of earth. archaeologists can only base their conclusions on materials, able to survive for millennia, such as rock, horn, bone, or shell, the jordanian archaeologist an art historian,

serene. albuquerque uses the scientific results of her colleagues as well as her knowledge and her imagination to bring the village back to life. i shall, bucky was part of the excavation team in 2018 and has developed a strong bond with the ancient site. it is the 5th time marianna bens has visited barsha in 2018. she and halla, al, at ashi, uncover jamil as grave that's over for the me version is like winning the lottery and, and i was able to excavate a number of graves that told me a lot about ancient and social structures. that is my specialist else to now mind the transition from them at a contest, sedentary ways of life, and the resulting social changing se, i will try to find that in barsha, one of the oldest villages discovered to date this transition occurred around 9000 years ago. along with jericho and hazel baster and

other places, basha is part of the so called mega site phenomenon along the jordan rift valley, which introduced new socio economic patterns to the area. oh, initial settlements were founded here around a 1000 years. be, see these settlements expanded covering areas of up to 16 hector's. then banished again. barger lies approximately half way between the red sea and the dead sea. at the edge of what he out of the dead sea region acts as a form of natural archive for geologists and hydrologists. the strata old layers of rock and soil reflect the climatic conditions of the past. a warm period began around 12000 years ago, causing glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise. the changing climate resulted in

cold, damp winces, and hot summer months. ideal conditions were growing grain and legumes. these changes, along with the fertile soils allowed previously nomadic peoples to settle in one place, villages sprung up and then expanded their inhabitants farmed land and enjoyed their new found leisure opportunities. at the time the landscape between a man and october probably looked similar to the north of modern day jordan, where reforestation efforts are now proving successful to date, it is not known how the people who lived on the plateau gained access to water. there was no indication that there was a spring in the vicinity. did the villagers perhaps use the seek as a reservoir?

and what did this remote plato look like at the time? you know, life is changing from pass on to no answer. i don't know. we have many things that make high temperature endorsed. and before in the site they have like cam water source around. the site indicate from the tools the lift to it's also when you find some tools, they use the co, again, dean like see. and this is indicate that they use it for planets, and it was good the laden scorn fly. there death the people of vasa lived, our farming and their livestock lance that they primarily grew legumes and we have found conclusive proof that they found peas, the alps as a her animal protein was provided by sheep and goats and zones would do shop. we

assume that the field stretched out towards valley arabic and were also located up here towards the east of the arabian plateau. pushed him while the r barr at the time this mount, the beginning of the vast stems which are now desert, or yet the calls and stepan unpinned, sought the american side, or to boost ist population numbers increased rapidly. carbohydrates were now readily available, which was not the case for hunter gatherer societies. women were therefore able to give birth every 2 years, rather than every 4 to 5 years. but why would people choose to settle in such a constricted area? there would have been a limited amount of land available for farming and access to water was as problematic then as it is now

for tyler z. even darlene does as up one of the advantages of this location is that it is quite remote law. in addition, once it was settled, there was little chance of territorial dispute. yeah. then the people may have argued amongst themselves over land life, but there was no outside threat. it's also muffin, albany, ma'am. it on the because space was limited. dwellings were built close together. layer by layer the work as advanced further into the past. some of the walls reach depths of around 4 meters, which suggests the buildings had at least 2 stories. ah, the rooms are small and have little or no daylight. the excavations confirm that

they were largely use for food preparation and storage as yet, there is no indication of any part. so lanes between the buildings never couldn't. we can say with some confidence that the settlement was very densely constructed. wherever we dug, we uncovered wolves come on, it is increasingly clear that the little rooms be excavated and the initial phase is on. we're too small for people to live in the i'm of we therefore assume that much of the village is life to place on the roofs and in nature of physical indiana to us. at one point. as hunters and gatherers small numbers of humans had spread out across bos territories. now hundreds lived close together for marianna benson. this raises a number of questions. how's the people lived in houses built side by side for at least 500 years often bought largely without any apparent conflict.

it's hard to imagine that the neighbor wasn't 500 meters or a kilometer away, but right next door, exactly. that is extremely socially challenging. enormous, it's all out on the home. little is known of how the people of the time organized their lives. what rules were stablished, protect social cohesion, and which familial constellations made use of the buildings. and how since associated with jojo gretzky of the german archaeological institute examines the bones found during the excavation to learn more about how the people were related to each other. the ages and the causes of death. did not the bones are very fragile . and when he brushed the dirt away, you can see them very clearly and bad as soon as you pick them up. they fall apart and we have to reconstruct them in the laboratory. and therefore, unable to obtain the results we can get from well preserved skeletons.

nonetheless, guleski is able to come to some initial conclusions thus, yes, and this is a child skull, it's facing in my direction. part of it still concealed in the earth under the wall . unfortunately, there are at least 2 people here, one adult, one child. there might be more children, flight of martina at the time, people were buried under the floors inside the buildings rather than some distance from the village. as this danger does wonderful, i think our modern burial practices would be as much of a mystery to them as theirs are to us. we try to keep our distance from death. of course our burial sites are not located in our houses. in fact, we try to establish them outside population centers, so we can stay as far away from death as possible. it may be, this would have been considered inappropriate back then for the da modeling,

for it may even be the complete opposite of what they believed that from the embassies ish good afternoon. ah, shamella was also buried below the floor of a house where she would have remained close to the living. as most a forced air. they all be up to lay. i was sealed and whitewashed to resemble the rest of the floor. one tavar below that was a layer of stone chin up safely touch log and then intentionally shattered sandstone tiles that glitter like a mother of pearl in the sunlight when the broken dan won't come. the quarter below that was the largest land monetary and raising that was very exciting housing. we lifted it up and when we saw was sand comes out a we brushed and brushed and brushed. the team feared that the grave was empty and was close to re sealing it. and then come the us and then we

saw the beats. at 1st, we numbered each one individually, and then we began numbering groups national from eventually we were just taking photos and making small sketches before we removed whole bundles. if there were 2500 beads in all power and also 12500 beat more than had ever been found in one place in this area. where did they come from? and what was their purpose? in the spring of 2019 the valuable objects are sent to the academy of art and design in stuttgart. which spec slices in conserving historical cultural discoveries. ah, elise pooh account is responsible for restoring each individual element of the artifact. while the archaeologist halla alit ashy is tasked with reconstructing the entire piece by evaluating traces left during the production process and in use, allora, she is able to determine what purpose certain beads served. ah,

the barger treasure is kept safely in a small back room on the 3rd floor. alleys workout knows, every inch of it in incredible detail. as far so as initially when the objectives were connected in bags and it was impossible to determine what condition the individual beads were in the fine one. of course the archaeologists expressed their wish that we would produce an exhibition piece. but we had to evaluate everything. first, before time whether this would be possible, depending on the condition of the beats, and how many could actually be exhibited. and austin 1000. mm. mm. elise poor cat examines every single one of the $2500.00 beat. checking the deposits on the surface and carefully

removing them under the microscope. using a variety of methods boycott attempts to restore each valuable bead to as close to its original state as possible. she then uses synthetic resins to conserve the beat, and prepare them for the process of reconstructing the entire pace. this treatment can be reversed if future generations of scientists have access to new technical processes and wish to re examined the original beats incredibly the restoration, but are eventually able to pass around 80 percent of the 9000 year old be john to holla, russia. first of all, we try to understand the position of all disputes without saying that this is a nicholas or this is a belt or didn't we just try to understand the relation of the beads with the bonds

. and we saw during this condition that this beat where for some treated on the neck of a child. after considering the archaeological data, we started to concentrator exclusively on the beads and to try to understand the issue position. one discovery in particular, proved useful in reconstructing the ancient jewelry. one of the 1st things that we found during the desk of asian was their inc, as it was completely in a vertical position. so we started by excavating the edge of their inc. witcher, which was very, very fragile, and we had to go down very, very carefully. after i think, 3 days, we finally got the entire ring, but it was fragmented, of course. and during this conversation, we found that we still have small beats are stuck to these before asians. and so we

not, we knew her since the beginning that there, inc. i had a very important role in this necklace. the mother repelled ring is the centerpiece of the necklace and ties it altogether. the ring itself is produced from a single large shell in order to gain a deeper understanding of the methods and abilities of the people at the time. the akio technician voice hain, attempts to create an accurate replica of the original. this may not be a rigorously scientific experiment, but it provides some indication of what tools and techniques we used 9000 years ago . that these from him, from the moment i heard about the badger beat necklace, i helped to recreate it using original stone age tools or enlarged ones. i didn't

touch the 1st. when i had to find a large shell sugar shuffle, the omega said of the outline of the ring is edged on to the shell using a beerin made by splitting a sanction of a piece of flint with a single well aimed blow it. yet if to yourself could that worked the edge here is what we will work with of the of it's cut to metabolic bag. motion and is this metal? it was probably used to called the entire ring out of the shell. but you have to be very careful when julie you have to turn around and exert very little pressure. otherwise, the drill bit, all the shell, my break, the shell may have been somewhat exotic, but the people of bars are most likely found the raw materials for the sandstone

beads on their doorstep. varnish what they will probably produce using the same methods we've seen elsewhere should of i've tried it several times. it takes a lot of patience and care every 5th beat or so brace, which is clenched on these small stones. the ground smooth with the edges of the stones are sanded down to produce the necessary curves. the next step is particularly risky. voice haine carefully uses a flint bit to drill a tiny hole through the beat. so if, if a loft now the whole is completed and we could sand down each bead individually.

but there is also another possibility. we can place several beats on a stick. i'm stuck stricken when brittany is to go down, run the entire row over the slab together meter. none of those us thank letter which i read about in struck him by turning the stick back and forth. i could ensure that all the beads and up the same size is quite a fast process. the corners and edges are already gone. if i continue doing this for half an hour or an hour, then the beach will all look fairly similar to the parent limit. i mean, you got the beats were unbelievably small and intricate. the people must have been very skilled and have had sensitive hands in order to produce something so fragile . ah,

the necklace is proof of the exceptional workmanship and the aesthetic sensibilities the early sedentary humans were capable of. and in no way conforms to familiar cliches about primitive stone age people. inspired by the nicholas, the team named the girl in the grave. shamella the beautiful mm. imagine that this importance of this child that they took this whole o masterpiece and put it, hide it in the earth or after all this work. so yes, it's that now it has a lot of dimensions that we are only starting to understand. every element of the necklace has several stories to tell about the raw materials, the production techniques, its place within the greater whole. and about the dead girl herself,

ah tamela in so fennel is jemila has made his dream by changing accepted preconceptions of the neolithic age young that the new stone age is often depicted as crude and simple. but the jewelry and the construction of the gray suggest that people had special skill sets and that there was a far ranging trade network key, the d. c. m, quite the necklace is turquoise stone. this came from sinai while the shells were from the red sea. and the way it was threaded, i'd suggest it was something very special. i'll skin that this alice guns was on the havoc the discovery of other delicate pieces of jewelry, including fragile pendants and apparently mass produced rings made of red sandstone . reveals that the people of the age devoted a lot of time to producing hand crafted luxury goods. the artifacts uncovered by

the archaeologists confirmed that they were made in almost every single house to the room lunched, angling infant vonsha. the renowned barger sandstone rings were made from coast disks that were more or less round. they were then hollowed out by scraping a deep grooves in which eventually he allowed the centerpiece to be removed. heil done her last name. these the experimental archeologists reveals the next steps in the production process. not even a little ruined after the center is removed when there are 2 ways of working on the red feed. we can either use our b or into achieve the shape go want or we send it down into the right size and the cursor

life lies sound astounding and grinding. it would have been all the boy to any one approaching the neolithic settlement for a long way away. the fragile sandstone rings remained something of a mystery. mute his knee, and we don't know quite what they were useful. we assuming the quantity played an important role. the more rings one had the more prestigious one was he shot. my theory is that they were used as coupons for trade him, that objects could be exchanged for certain services or favors of india. such objects may also have included shells or ring. there were symbols of appreciation and help to increase social cohesion. yeah. interestingly, there was also a tide of forgery at the time. similar rings with the same distinctive red color, well, so produced using mall in nearby boston. it was much easier and faster to work with

mom than with sandstone. and the rings were then simply dyed red. these rings were produced in areas where there was no sandstone wooden forgeries. the been a part of life ever since humans learned to make things that damage or duty of motto built and ah, the demand for certain goods and far ranging trade networks came at a cost. ah, the village's existence increasingly depended on access to raw materials and market forces. the exotic materials used to produce tremulous necklace or just one example of the significance of valuable objects. objects which had to be paid for somehow. mm. a further challenge was maintaining a peaceful society in such a small space as yet no indications of any form of hierarchical structure have been

found. ah, madame modern studies have revealed that once a group consists of a 150 people or more, it becomes very difficult to maintain control and ensure that disagreements down escalate. megan aiden does conflict management is essential. up to 500 people lived . in barger, a large settlement by the standards of the time social conflict could have led to a rapid breakdown of the community. this is just one of the possible factors that may have caused the inhabitants of barbara to abandon their settlement for ever. around 6900 b c up these and big long it is difficult to say whether this development was a result of collapse or simply change aga, then perhaps a greater differentiation set in among the later settlers to differentiate some began to move about and returned to the nomadic lifestyle,

while others settled in smaller villages incline on and off on perhaps this was a better model, yet the bet that was both more sustainable and more so she compatible alpha pica much of basha has been preserved as a result of the settlements remote location, jemila grave and her necklace are the most significant artifacts found at the excavation side to date and will now be put on display in the new petra museum. oh, the country's entire history is on display here with basha appearing almost at the very beginning. badger also marked the beginning of a development which changed human lives far more than industrialization did in the 19th century or digitalization is to day cultures came and went settlements, rose and fell. people moved on, but humans never returned to their former hunter gatherer existence. these ground

breaking developments are preserved at a meal as burial site. hussein al sabah is therefore determined to ensure that the grave is reconstructed as accurately as possible. my part is to rebuild the system or the grave in the museum and the thought i am doing right now, and i think it looks good. what do you think? in another room, in the museum, andrea fisher alleys poor, cut and ha ashy. are similarly excited to see their work finally come to fruition. sole after world. now events the necklace was broken down to its component parts for the journey from germany to jordan, to ensure that the ancient piece of jewelry arrived unscathed. the strings of beads are now re attached to form the necklace that 9000 years earlier,

grieving parents had placed around the neck of their deceased daughter. allah alada, she has produced a sketch to use as a guide. the concepts they year really thought before composing this necklace. it was studied and not only in terms of needs, it was also measured and the conceptualized in terms of strength and chords. and this means that the other people were also involved not only beat makers, but also probably people who, where specialized in making chords or making strength certain tasks were most likely performed by specialists. an early example of division of labor. how the inhabitants of badger sauce, the raw materials remains a mystery. if you want to have exotic materials, it's better that you'll be in

a very or well situated village, where you can work your network and relationships in order to get her nice, a good quality for materials. and it is strange that they are almost hidden between the mountains. so this is weird when you see their environment. when you see the village, when you see the location despite the remote nature of the village marsh's inhabitants had close ties to their surroundings. it is impossible to say just how extensive this network was, but the people were certainly part of the wider world. while the experts in the museum are hard at work rebuilding jemila necklace, excavations continue on the plateau. marian bent discovers a slab from a grave. is history repeating itself? once again, a burial site is found just as excavations draw to a close. but hans gail car gabriel has his doubts. it's not him after clearing the

entire area, i now have a different idea. it's possible that the slab is simply lying on the floor and that there isn't actually a grave at all. my, i'm not sure. the plaster and the lay of ash would suggest that it is a grave, but i can't be 100 percent. sure. on this is only i would brush away some more of the dirt and then use the scrape or to uncover moles. batter quotes mothers, you know, may be lifted slightly on cobra and then check if there is anything underneath or not. there's a 90 percent chance of it being a grave with lots of bones. so you're very optimistic it sounds different here than it does here. can you hear it? does come on the i national the might just be a hole in one place. yeah, that's true. really i'm under it now. the from the,

it's loosely up until it's when pull it out horizontally as we don't know where the fracture is. it's not islam. now it's more damaged than before. was it but careful plea. he oh dear, it's of puzzle pieces. now i did one of us resume. fortunately we have so restore as long as thought torn the buck i know precisely that a slab has been removed and the tension mouse there are some larger stones here. once again, molly on has to work quickly as the excavation is about to finish for the year. evening falls and work stops for the day. bozza has a welcoming mystical atmosphere despite its remote location. and the hard work of

the excavations, the archaeological team has been rewarded for to years of perseverance. with the discovery of jemila and her necklace. at the petro museum, hollered us, she, andrea fisher and elise boycott are also about to be rewarded. jemila nicholas has been completed and it's ready to be exhibited. finally, we finally found the appropriate place for it. funny. yeah. okay. yeah. so i'm, yeah, that's how it should be. it looks good. ah, we have it here. it's not only on paper, so we have it's really in the museum. so it's 3 did great. ah.

on the barge a plateau. the last day of excavation has begun up, so i removed the layer of plaster. but there's nothing but sand underneath my son's father. that's a shame. i thought they'd be more nothing has been found below the stone slab, but jojo guleski has discovered and laid bare a child sco in another room. a 2nd sco remain stuck in the earth. despite the time pressure gretzky hopes she can extract it in one piece. ah! pollyanna's. carry on hands, georg. look what i found yourself. when was, what is it? yes. the child scowl was here, and he is the cervical spine. and the ribs in situ,

the upper arm is precisely where it should be. and as a beautiful necklace around the neck, a bead necklace of pancoast. as of yeah, yeah. with long beads and a beautiful red and green stone greenish time. but with your fantastic and that the last possible moment judah halla has to see this. the situation is reminiscent of 2018 back then halla, she had to stop what she was doing in order to retrieve shameless sensational necklace. now in 2021. the same thing happens again. jojo gretzky who discovered the grave has to catch a flight and halla, she assumed responsibility for retrieving the jewelry. it is as though the ancient graves of badger telling the team make sure you come back. there is still much to discover ah halla, laura, she has collected the beads and numbered them. she will remain in albania for

a time in order to examine the artifact piece by piece. what will this discovery reveal about human existence? 9000 years ago? in recent decades, basha has provided a wealth of information that has changed, accepted wisdom about the people of the neolithic age. our distant ancestors were able to spend time engaged in creative aesthetic and decorative pursuits because of an abundance of food. basha has fundamentally altered our understanding of the past yet so much about the ancient settlement still remains a mystery for now a

ah. returning to the me. 50 years off to astronaut law, i set foot on the satellite. wow. in the sudanese they brought back keep science busy to this day. now that says planning a new research project continues despite the delay. to morrow today. in 30 minutes on

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