is like the real saying yes, else will we all be beginning 50 years? i literally think that like are the next generations. well, i'll look back and say, that's crazy that we ever use animals to get a documentary series about the future of food. and there were complex relationship with animals. the great me debate this week on d. w. noon . what if an asteroid gets too close to the of various techniques are being developed to avoid possible disaster even if most asteroids that we know of have been homeless up to now, there have been exceptions. the most dramatic example is believed to have wiped out

the dinosaurs 66000000 years ago. hello and welcome to tomorrow to day the science program on d. w. now when it comes to human fossils africa is the chase to look through bone analysis. modern humans have been traced back 300000 years there. but 300000 years as a flash in the pan compared to the many millions of years that dinosaurs thrown via the 1st ones emerged around 235000000 years ago. also as recently discovered in africa, africa has not traditionally been considered a prime location for dinosaur fossils, but the impure a sars is starting to change that these are bone, fossils from the oldest dinosaur ever found in africa. it lived about 230000000

years ago, making it's the same age as the oldest dinosaur remains found elsewhere in the world. it's joining us. michael xander was part of a team of scientists who discovered the bones in zimbabwe. here we have had you met us of affair, dearest thought f. this ad from the 4th and find if you look at this point, you can, you can tell her that the unmet was quite small. you may assist this one. this is a f, capua of the fan, did a thought of ah, he, it comes here from what scientists know so far. it looks something like this. just 60 centimeters tall and one or maximum 2 meters long. it probably walked on, its hind legs narrow. so if, if say i sort of put them off dinosaur,

a sarah, put them of dana sauce i have, but as long next they have got long teeth and small head or so we look at the, in the of the tv. yeah. and because her up at the most where vegetarians saw the tears that designed it 2 feet or 2 cat f as a texas michael xander was appealing tale just had their natural history museum of zimbabwe in blue while was on here you separates the bones from the rock that's formed around them over time. the sensational find was discovered near the village of m. b ray. hence the name, embarrass or us all along. we're finding sorratto most in zimbabwe. but we had never found a,

a start up with them of that a size. and of that is when you took off f willis in of diagnosis. we cannot live out then, dearest us. yes, it is there within that line. we can certainly say it is within the, the time frame where the it, i nasa originated in bureau where the remains were found is in the far north of a symbol way. the most spectacular find to date, however, was near its southern border on the sentinel ranch. this is where vanessa bristow lives with her family. michael sandow pays regular visits for his research . today they're driving out together to the place that's put this ranch on the map into the site where penny was found. a small shelter now protects the fossil from the weather. it's an exceptionally well preserved mass upon de las. likewise, a sorrel po to morph. but there will be no further excavation work here for now.

this site. we wake one, he had to maintain it so that it does intend to push it to doesn't a brick we need to, we put out his he is bringing big oh, all the pieces that men have flipped away. vanessa bristow and her husband often go out looking for fossils which are dotted, all over the farm. penny was discovered in 1993 and we decided to look in an area that we hadn't been to the for and found nothing. but we knew they were here, and so we mentioned it to his step mother who was visiting the next day. and she came up the hill and discovered this. and so they decided to name the fossil after her. this specimen is especially great interest to scientists because of how well preserved the 4 to 6 meters long fossil is without pause that when it valid

it was a instantly covered though instantly there breathed a and did what for fossilized and did iraq hadn't and because it hadn't they? erosion did not happen incidentally that very out. they have committed to protect it. it from up in west alley. michael zone dos search for further fossils continues . whenever he find something, he marks the location with a g p. s device. the land on and around the farm is a real treasure trove. for scientists. i only just beginning to scratch the surface of what's, what's available, and what's to be found. we, we know of at least 15 to 20 sites on the property that yield bones. many of them still encased in rock like this. they keep their findings in

this room like a mini museo, vanessa bristow, hopes they will eventually be enough funding to set up a bigger research facility here. it's now beyond doubt that some bob away has plenty to offer on the dinosaur front. as confirmed by the discovery of emperor sorrows, which has not yet been found anywhere else in the world. some 66000000 years ago, an asteroid. more than 10 kilometers in diameter, crushed into the earth. the devastating impact is blame for making dinosaurs extinguish. after a long winter period, the earth continues to be had by asteroids closely small ones. but in 19 o 8, there was a giant explosion in disguise over siberia. and in 2015 the people in the russian city of tenea bins got a very nasty shock. we wanted to find out whether we should be worried

a tree and how tim bag and eastern germany is home to a high tech telescope. oh, he is, his hat shook. this is the centerpiece of the observatory. i can come with telescope . he used to detect asteroids that come too close to us in india, yet it's an outcome. it's perfect for the job. yeah, yeah. i've been wrong for certain literature if it has a relatively large field of view, that means we can sometimes image several asteroids at once in the area we're photographing. or you can fly. you can see a lot of the sky with this telephone. my right. the us has been hit by many asteroids before, which is why early detection is important. the telescope and talton bag is part of a global network of observer trees designed to warn of dangers from space. their results are collated by an international database at the minor planet center. i mean, when it's not here, when you're working at nice and checking the radar,

i have you sometimes been a bit worried about asteroids coming to close to earth. over the years you've been working hathaway eaten yelp and bing on. the addison law has been yawned. is a guy right at home is cowboy, who there was once a pretty close shave what, what's, what's, which know why it was identified and then it hurtled past of look on there before, but only at a distance of 36000 kilometers with their phone to 6000. yes. that's how far away that g o. stationary satellites for radio and television transmission are not all, but in the end it patched us will be the vague. but the telescopes don't detect every single asteroid. case in point in 2013 the child events committee or it came seemingly out of nowhere. observatories failed to detect it because it came from the direction of the sun. to prevent potential

catastrophe the amos to monitor any suspicious celestial phenomena either below tina. so what happens on a night shift yet, can i expect, should i have another coffee thinking of in fire as well as a coffee drinking shorted me coffee is always a good idea to do. that's a good starting from that. and hopefully it'll be clear and cloudless, working for 2 of them. every night the team scans the skies. i'm going to be watching stanislaus melnick off and bring fried stack. lemme wax during a night shift they're going to be taking photographs of asteroids. just, we found a global killer. maybe this on this object goes it. because ah, a bon point like shape this with

a built in the base and on the move object should be investigated. asteroids like those tonners lovers tracking could end up on a risk list of near earth objects that might one day collide with us. this one, for example, could hurt in 2056 even though the probability is low. it's an object that needs to be tracked. so you can see which way the s read is going on the animation here. yes . in what direction? because the, the scope of sort of communion that it can make special drink. and when the, the slip object cure of the telescope start to fall and this has to route using po promotion, call it the from under the ice and among the go get the image of the all star saw along the, the for the look like star. yeah, but if we do so we're all exposure, we can make animation legs and we see motion or foster on

the spot and you see which way the estrella is going. yes, we see the direction that the image is taken. might not look too exciting. at 1st glance, i barely noticed the small dots in the upper left area. but that tiny dog is a nearest object, and one day it could strike our planet. right now, scientists are tracking some 29000 known astronomical body is called nearest objects to qualify as in any oh, they need to pass within a 195000000 kilometers of our planets orbit. that sounds like a long distance, but it's not much by cosmic standards. at that distance, an asteroid is dangerously close to earth. but not all,

any of the dangerous. of those 29000, only 1300 or on the european space agency risk list. the rest are too small or too far away to pose a serious threat. let is read why i gave you the lady. do you have a question about asteroids or about any other signs? tell me. when you send it to us as a text, video or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. come on, just does. this week's question comes from han, hey mondragon in mexico. what exactly is the dark mission? dark stands for double asteroid redirection chest. it's ultimate aim is to protect our planet from a devastating impact. the tested involved, the 1st attempt to change the path of an asteroid by crashing

a spacecraft into it. the actual dark orbiter was fitted with just the camera and a smart navigation system. its destination a binary asteroid system comprising, did a most greek for twin, and it's 160 meter wide, moved 10 months after its launch, the orbiter was in place. and on september 11th 2022, it released a tiny satellite called a cube, sat another vital element of the mission. the orbiter then said its site on the asteroid moon, with the navigation system, keeping it on a direct collision course at a speed of 24000 kilometers per hour. telescopes, both in space and back on earth,

were tasked with monitoring the cosmic impact. the data gathered by the james web space telescope and others enabled scientists to work out exactly which materials the small is comprised of. the orbiter recorded a range of images during its approach. relaine them back to earth before impact images that provide a detailed insight into the space. rocks texture, with many satellite, also took photos of the impact as well as of the result in crater despite wing, or relatively scant, 570 kilograms. the orbiter did slightly reduce the orbital speed of its target. earth based telescopes will be able to see how it's trajectory changes over time. the european space agencies, harris spacecraft, is scheduled to conduct a more detailed survey of the aftermath in 2026. it will be joined by 2 cube sat

for determining the size, structure and depth of the crater. the data will show how the moon's physical properties affected the outcome of the collision. they'll also help to improve simulations of asteroid impact all in the interest of being prepared for the worst case scenario. many of the worlds nations have set up camp and out his face. the tiny face station chung gun continues to extend. europe is sending a probe to the means of jupiter india's planning its mission to venus by 2024. and japan has its side set on moss, but there is one place they all want to go. ah the moon is an average of 385000 kilometers from us at surface is covered with tens of thousands

of craters. it's only natural satellite has always fascinated us. ah, are all on july 20th 1969. neil armstrong became the 1st person to walk on the meeting. 5 further apollo missions followed, which gathered important information about its origins. it's hypothesized that an ancient mars like planet called fear, collided with the earth and the moon formed from the debris around 4500000000 years ago before and fully called roxanne comet struck its surface, creating its dark lunar plains and craters. then warned, the moon is a piece of earth. it's just as old, but the moon's surface hasn't ever changed. so it's the ideal history book to teach us about the story of earth. because both were formed at the same time. and astronauts on apollo missions collected nearly 400 kilograms of moon rock. please,

samples have shown the moon and earth to be more similar than previously thought. chemically, they are nearly identical. so as the thea hypothesis, not quite right after all new samples could give new insights of them won't give off. you know that there are also many resources on the moon. for example, there's water that lies frozen in very deep craters. and this water ice probably still contains organic traces of the comments that hit the moon and the earth all that time ago. and that probably helped lightly to flourish on earth, yet could. so by going to the moon, we can maybe get a little bit closer to the answer of how life formed on earth can interdiction they are come. in late 2020, the chinese chinese 5 mission collected more luna rocks for the 1st time in 44 years. they came from the volcanic formation, mom's room car, in the vast luna mari osi honest, personal

r. m. a nearly 2000000000 years old that the youngest samples ever collected. they suggest that the moon has been volcanic li, active for longer than previously believed. but is not clear why the law for abrupt it sign used to think that it was due to a high concentration of radioactive heat, generating elements in the lunar mantle. but the latest findings don't back up that theory there cause it while the big dream is to fly to the moon and maybe even walk on it just bear lisa is preparing for that right now in collaboration with nasa. it, we're planning to fly to the moon by the mid 20 twenty's, and by the end of the twenty's, we'll have people on the moon again as we might and just like my colleagues at isa . i also dream of being part of that on. that's good. but in the search for answers, they may only come back with more questions. there are still many secrets in the moon's long history yet to be uncovered.

e d u is space agency assess on returning to the myth. the 1st mission of nasa's ottoman program began late last year with a 3 and a half weeks unmanned space flight 2. it's all based and back. maybe humans will touch down there again in 2025 for the 1st time in decades. ah, thursday, december 7th, 1972, apollo 17 is ready for launch astronauts, ron evans, harrison schmidt and eugene cernan climb into the capsule and prepared to travel to the moon. no one has been there since. oh, but the southern germantown of glimmering and does offer mankind an opportunity to view the moon up close. a detailed model of the celestial body has been recreated in the scale of one to 1000000 to allow non space travelers to toward the landing

sites of the apollo missions. shortly after 5 30 am local time, the saturn 5 rocket lifted off at florida's kennedy space center. the final mission of the apollo space program and skins or pull up where the apollo project was very expensive. and the american president and senate and nasa decided to pull the plug commission if there was supposed to be an apollo 20. but even before apollo 15, it had left the launch pad in the program was reduced to 18 emissions for. and when apollo 15 combat in president nixon decided so apollo 17 would be the last of no 6 nicer nixon packaging the trip to the moon took nearly 4 days to the applause of mission control and houston as eugene sherman and harrison schmidt landed there, challenger lunar module in the taurus literal valley near the sea of serenity.

ah, the astronauts then began exhaustive explorations for the ships in one of my t. apollo 17 marked a new departure, harrison schmid judgement and a scientist. a geologist was on board and he had a very keen eye. he brought magnificent stone samples back to earth, which led to even more new discoveries. my guns, i can't mitigate clot. nato wanted to use the final apollo mission to gather as much scientific information as possible. eugene cernan and harrison schmidt were sent on a series of terrestrial training missions, gathering. rock samples is one thing, but doing it in bulky gear makes it even harder and identifying, collecting, and packaging, geologically interesting samples from within a complete space suit is an even greater challenge. oh, my reform scientist, harrison schmidt, meet

a key contribution to lunar research with his discovery of orange moon soil. i, i, i created the 1st proof of volcanic activity on the moon. like any, the least. one of the goals was to illustrate the moon's geologic evolution to see what happened a long time ago. and what happened recently in the moon's pastures, thus had imminent, swiss, etc. and that could have been explored further in subsequent missions. that's the issue with the research. it's incomplete as see here, so minute one foot in the day we gained a lot of knowledge and set new scientific standards. but there's still a gap in what we know felt miss indic lamasta's up to one but the upon a mission still inspired scientists. the mission brought a total of 382 kilograms of moon rock back to earth. and researchers continue to study at 50 years later, as well as the orange colored material whose discovery caused such

a sensation. that isn't knife log in and you questions arose and they're still awaiting an answer. that's how science works. that every question answered raises. another 10 i and they will be addressed in the space projects that are now gradually taking shape or based on apollo, 17 and name oh our policy. and that will you similar strategies a to return to the moon? some won't. so a cancellation, maybe for even longer periods to answer these new questions than fulton, 2nd, 76 bars steps to return to the moon have been taken. a rocket began a journey to the moon on november 16th, 2022 and left off of us one. nasa wants to build on the successful apollo missions with the new art of his project and his co operating with the european space agency, the isa the successful launch of artemus one, and it's for now unmanned a ryan cru module has once again brought science in close proximity to the move

where the last visit is from earth prepared their departure. 50 years ago, i said apollo 17 commander eugene cernan. as euston sounded the gopher lift on our her harrison schmidt and eugene cernan. let the moon on december 14th 1970 to the moon's last visitors. they were celebrated when they returned to earth. 5 days later, the last time houston enjoyed the successful return of apollo astronauts. it marked the end of the apollo project staying at a point as i believe apollo 17 was an epic mission that will never lose its place in history optim artemus will be a different project in his end, if successful, which we all assume it will be. the will earnest own place on the history of

mankind nym, moving closer to the precise model of the moon and go meaning and makes it possible to trace the apollo astronauts steps in just a few years. if everything goes as planned, people will be able to take fresh steps on the real thing. that's all for this edition of tomorrow to day. thanks for joining us and see you next time. until then stay curious. with ah, ah ah ah ah

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