ah, i discovered stories that can change your mind just to click away, find out best documentaries on you to see the world as already subscribed. now, to d, w documentary with what if an asteroid gets too close to the earth with various techniques of being developed to avoid possible disaster. even if most asteroids that we know of have been homeless up to now, there have been exceptions. the most dramatic example is believed to have what else? the dinosaurs 66000000 years ago.

hello and welcome to tomorrow to day the science program on d. w. now, when it comes to human fossils africa is the chase to look through bone analysis. martin humans have been traced back 300000 years there. but 300000 years as a flash in the pan compared to the many millions of years that dinosaurs from, via the 1st ones emerged around 235000000 years ago. also as recently discovered in africa, africa has not traditionally been considered a prime location for dinosaur fossils. but the imperious horace is starting to change that these are bone, fossils from the oldest dinosaur ever found in africa. it lived about 230000000

years ago, making it the same age as the oldest dinosaur remains found elsewhere in the world . joy michael xander was part of a team of scientists who discovered the bones and zimbabwe. here we'd have had you met us of affair, dearest thought f. this ad from the 4th and find if you look at this point, you can, you can tell her that the unmet was quite small. you may assist this one. this is a f coupler of the fan that a thought of ah, he, it comes here from what scientists know so far. it looks something like this. just 60 centimeters tall and one or maximum 2 meters long. it probably walked on its hind legs near us, or us if say, as sort of like almost dinosaur eh,

sarah, cut them off, dana sauce, i have but eh, long next. they have got long teeth and small head, but so we look at the, in the, of the teeth. yeah. and there was a set up at almost where fits italians saw the tip that designed it 2 feet or 2 cat f as a texas. michael xander was opinion colleges at the natural history museum of zimbabwe in blue. while i'm here, you separate the bones from the rock that's formed around them over time. the sensational find was discovered near the village of m. b ray, hence the name, embarrass, or us all along. we're finding serrato moves in zimbabwe, but we had never found a, a sort of

a come of that. a size and effect is when you talk of evelyn of dinosaurs, we can not live out then, dearest us. yes it is. is there within that lane. we can safely say it is within the the time frame where the air diagnosis originated in bureau, where the remains were found is in the far north of a symbol way. the most spectacular find to date, however, was near its southern border on the sentinel ranch. this is where vanessa bristow lived with her family. michael sandow pays regular visits for his research to day. they're driving out together to the place that put this ranch on the map of the site where penny was found. a small shelter now protects the fossil from the weather. it's an exceptionally well preserved mass upon dallas. likewise as shore a po to morph. but there will be no further excavation work here for now. this site,

we wic wanting it to maintain it so that it does in tear depreciate. it doesn't a brick. we didn't need to, we put at se, if ringing big o all the pieces that men have flipped away. vanessa bristow and her husband often go out looking for fossils which are dotted, all over the farm. penny was discovered in 1993 and we decided to look in an area that we hadn't been to before and found nothing but we knew they were here. and so we mentioned it to his step mother who was visiting the next day and she came up the hill and discovered this. and so they decided to name the fossil after her. this specimen is especially great interest to scientists because of how well preserved the 4 to 6 meters long fossil is. we thought was that when it

bad, it was, it instantly covered. or instantly they agreed a and did what for fossilized and iraq hadn't. and because it hadn't hair euros in did not happen. incidentally, that very i'll they have credit to protect it. it from up in west alley. michael xander search for further fossils continues. whenever he find something, he marks the location with a g p. s device. the land on and around the farm is a real treasure trove. for scientists. i only just beginning to scratch the surface of what's, what's available, and what's to be found. we, we know of at least 15 to 20 sites on the property that yield bones. many of them still encased in rock like this. they keep their findings in

this room like a mini museo, vanessa bristow hopes. they will eventually be enough funding to set up a bigger research facility here. it's now beyond doubt that symbolically has plenty to offer on the dinosaur front, as confirmed by the discovery of imperious sorrows which has not yet been found anywhere else in the world. some 66000000 years ago, an asteroid. more than 10 kilometers in diameter, crushed into the earth. the devastating impact is blame for making dinosaurs extinguish. after a long winter period, the earth continues to be had by asteroids, leslie, small ones. but in 19 o 8, there was a giant explosion in the skies over siberia. and in 2013 the people in the russian city of talia bins got a very nasty shock. we wanted to find out whether we should be worried a tree and how tim bag in eastern germany is home to

a high tech telescope. oh, he is, his hat shook. this is the centerpiece of the observatory acquisition. come a telescope. he used to detect asteroids that come too close to earth and he did it yet. it's an outcome. it's perfect for the job. yeah, yeah. i've been wrong for certain literature. it has a relatively large field of view. that means we can sometimes image several asteroids at once in the area. we're photographic, or you can fly. you can see a lot of the sky with this telescope. my right. the us has been hit by many asteroids before, which is why early detection is important. the telescope in talton bag is part of a global network of observer trees designed to warn of dangers from space. their results are collated by an international database at the minor planet center. i mean, when it's not here,

when you're working at nice and checking the radar as i have you sometimes been a bit worried about asteroids coming to close to earth. over the years you've been working hathaway, eaten yelp and we nanda addison and in yard is a guy out of home is cowboy, who there was once a pretty close shave. wow. what's, what's which know why it was identified and then it hurtled past of look on there before, but only at a distance of 36000 kilometers with their phones or 6000. yes, that's how far away that g o. stationary satellites for radio and television transmission are not all, but in the end it patched us. we will get a vague but the telescopes don't detect every single asteroid case in point and 2013 the child events committee or it came seemingly out of nowhere. observe at trees, failed to detect it because it came from the direction of the sun to prevent potential catastrophe. the a. mr. monitor, any suspicious celestial phenomena?

i love the latino. so what happens on a night shift yet? can i expect? should i have another coffee thinking of in fire as a, as a coffee drinking shorted me? coffee is always a good idea. that's a good starting from that. and hopefully it'll be clear and cloudless, working for 2 of them. every night the team scans the skies. i'm going to be watching stanislaus melnick off and bring fried stack. lemme wax during a night shift going to be taking photographs of asteroids just we found a global killer. maybe this on this object goes it. because ah bon point like shape this object a built in the base and on the move object should be investigated.

asteroids like those stanislaus trucking could end up on a risk list of near earth objects that might one day collide with us. this one, for example, could hurt in 2056 even though the probability is low. it's an object that needs to be tracked. so you can see which way the s read is going on the animation here it is in what direction? because to the scope of sort of communion that it can make special drink. and when the, the snip object cure of the telescope start to fall and this has to route using pro promotion, call it the from under the ice and re go get the image on the all star saw along the, the for it look like star. yeah. but if we do so we're all exposure, we can make animation legs and we see motion or foster on

the spot and you see which way the astro is going. yes, we see the direction at the image is taken. might not look too exciting. at 1st glance, i barely noticed the small dots in the upper left area. but that tiny dog is a nearest object, and one day it could strike our planet. right now, scientists are tracking some 29000 known astronomical body is called nearest objects to qualify as in any oh, they need to pass within a 195000000 kilometers of our planet's orbit. that sounds like a long distance, but it's not much by cosmic standards. at that distance, an asteroid is dangerously close to earth. but not all,

any of the dangerous. of those 29000, only 1300 around the european space agency risk list. the rest are too small or too far away to pose a serious threat. if i'm let is read, why are they run the video later? do you have a question about asteroids or about any other science topics? then you send it to us as a text video, voice message. if we answer on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. come on. just does. this week's question comes from han, hey mondragon in mexico. what exactly is the dark mission? dark stands for double asteroid redirection test. it's ultimate aim is to protect our planet from a devastating impact. the tested involved, the 1st attempt to change the path of an asteroid by crashing

a spacecraft into it. the actual dark orbiter was fitted with just the camera and a smart navigation system. its destination a binary asteroid system comprising, did a most greek for twin, and it's 160 meter wide, moved 10 months after its launch, the orbiter was in place. and on september 11th 2022, it released a tiny satellite called a cube, sat another vital element of the mission. the orbiter then set its site on the asteroid moon, with the navigation system, keeping it on a direct collision course at a speed of 24000 kilometers per hour. telescopes, both in space and back on earth, were tasked with monitoring the cosmic impact. the

data gathered by the genes, web space telescope, and others enabled scientists to work out exactly which materials the small is comprised of. the orbiter recorded a range of images during its approach. relaine them back to earth before impact images that provide a detailed insight into the space rocks texture. the mini satellite also took photos of the impact, as well as of the result in crater despite wing or relatively sketch, 570 kilograms. the orbiter did slightly reduce the orbital speed of its target. earth based telescopes will be able to see how it's trajectory changes over time. the european space agencies, harris spacecraft, is scheduled to conduct a more detailed survey of the aftermath in 2026. it will be joined by 2 cube sat

for determining the size, structure and depth of the crater. the data will show how the moon's physical properties affected the outcome of the collision. they'll also help to improve simulations of asteroid impacts all in the interest of being prepared for the worst case scenario. many of the world's nations have set up camp and out his face. the tiny face station chung gun continues to expand. europe is sending a probe to the means of jupiter india's planning its mission to venus by 2024. and japan has its side set on mos. but there is one place they all want to go. ah the moon is an average of 385000 kilometers from us. it's surface is covered with tens of thousands of craters. it's only natural satellite has

always fascinated us. ah, are all on july 20th 1969. neil armstrong became the 1st person to walk on the mean, 5 further apollo missions followed, which gathered important information about its origins. it's hypothesized that in ancient mars like planets called fear, collided with the earth and the moon formed from the debris around 4500000000 years ago. before i had fully caught rocks and comics struck its surface creating its dark lunar plains and craters. then warned, the moon is a piece of earth. it's just as old, but the moon's surface hasn't ever changed over. so it's the ideal history book to teach us about the story of earth. because both were formed at the same time. and astronauts on apollo missions collected nearly 400 kilograms of moon rock. these

samples of shine, the moon and earth to be more similar than previously thought. chemically, they're nearly identical. so as the thea hypothesis, not quite right after all new samples could give new insights of the morning gives off. you know that there are also many resources on the moon. for example, there's water that lies frozen in very deep craters. and this water ice probably still contains organic traces of the comments that hit the moon and the earth all that time ago. and that probably helped lightly to flourish on earth, yet could. so by going to the moon, we can maybe get a little bit closer to the answer of how life formed on earth can interdiction they are come. in late 2020, the chinese chinese 5 mission collected more lunar rocks for the 1st time in 44 years. they came from the volcanic formation moms remco in the vast luna mari osi honest parcel r m. a nearly 2000000000 years old. that the youngest samples ever collected they

suggest that the moon has been volcanic li, active for longer than previously believed. but is not clear why the love are abrupt. it sign used to think that it was due to high concentration of radioactive heat, generating elements in the lunar mantle. but the latest findings don't back up that theory. they're close at law. the big dream is to fly to the moon and maybe even walk on it just bela isa is preparing for that right now. in collaboration with nasa, it admitted we are planning to fly to the moon by the mid 20 twenty's. and by the end of the twenty's, we'll have people on the moon again, mostly my and just like my colleagues at isa. i also dream of being part of that notice. but in the search for answers, they may only come back with more questions. there are still many secrets in the moon's long history yet to be uncovered. ah,

the u. s. space agency assess on returning to the myth. the 1st mission of nasa as awesome as program began late last year with a 3 and a half weeks unmanned space flight 2. it's all based and back. maybe humans will touch down there again in 2025 for the 1st time in decades. ah. thursday, december 7th, 1972. apollo 17 is ready for launch astronauts, ron evans, harrison schmidt, and eugene cernan climb into the capsule and prepared to travel to the moon. no one has been there since but the southern germantown of glimmering and does offer mankind an opportunity to view the moon up close. a detailed model of the celestial body has been recreated in a scale of one to 1000000 to allow non space travelers to tour the landing site of

the apollo missions. shortly after 5 30 am local time, the saturn 5 rocket lifted off at florida's kennedy space center. the final mission of the hollow space program run in a sense, a pullup way. the apollo project was very expensive and the american president and senate and nasa and he decided to pull the plug business there was supposed to be an apollo 20. but even before apollo 15, it had left. the launch pad in the program was reduced to 18 missions for him, and when apollo, 15 combative president nixon decided to apollo 17 would be the last, of course, it's in our series. smithson packaging the trip to the moon took nearly 4 days to the applause of mission control and houston. i heard that eugene sherman and harrison schmidt landed there. challenger lunar module in the taurus. literal valley, you're the see of serenity. ah,

the astronauts then began exhaustive explorations for the ships in one of my apollo 17 marked a new departure, harrison schmid jack schmidt and a scientist. a geologist was on board and he had a very keen i. he brought magnificent stone samples back to earth, which led to even more new discoveries. my guns, i can't mitigate plata. nasa wanted to use the final apollo mission to gather as much scientific information as possible. eugene cernan and harrison schmidt were sent on a series of terrestrial training missions, gathering. rock samples is one thing, but doing it in bulky gear makes it even harder and identifying, collecting and packaging, geologically interesting samples from within a complete space suit is an even greater challenge. or rather form scientist harrison schmidt made a key contribution to lunar research with his discovery of orange moon soil. oh,

i, if i crazy 1st proof of volcanic activity on the moon like any the least one of the goals was to illustrate the moon's geologic evolution to see what happened a long time ago. and what happened recently in the moon's pastures thus had imminent, swiss, etc. and that could have been explored further in subsequent missions. that's the issue with the research. it's incomplete as see here. so mine it wound for ended. we gained a lot of knowledge and set new scientific standards. but there's still a gap in what we know felt miss indic lamasta's up to one but the apollo mission still inspired scientists. the mission brought a total of 382 kilograms of moon rock back to earth. and researchers continue to study at 50 years later, as well as the orange colored material whose discovery caused such

a sensation that it didn't know if log in and you questions arose and they're still awaiting an answer. that's how science works in that every question answered raises another 10 i and they will be addressed in the space projects that are now gradually taking shape or based on apollo, 17 and name oh our policy. and that will use similar strategies to return to the moon some wants. we're camphyllis, maybe for even longer periods to answer these new questions than fulton, 2nd, 76. first steps to return to the moon have been taken. a rocket began a journey to the moon on november 16th, 2022 and left off of out of his one. nasa wants to build on the successful apollo missions with the new art of his project and his co operating with the european space agency, the isa the successful launch of artemus one, and it's for now unmanned a ryan cru module has once again brought science in close proximity to the move

where the last visit is from earth prepared their departure 50 years ago. and i said apollo 17 commander eugene cernan. as euston sounded the gopher live dining room. i hear harrison schmidt and eugene cernan let the moon on december 14th 1970 to the moon's last visitors. they were celebrated when they returned to earth. 5 days later, the last time houston enjoyed the successful return of apollo astronauts. it marked the end of the apollo project staying at a point as i believe apollo. 17 was an epic mission that will never lose its place in history. autumn artemus will be a different project in his end, if successful, which we all assume it will be. the will earnestly own place on the history of

mankind, nym, moving closer to the precise model of the moon and go meaning and makes it possible to trace the apollo astronauts steps in just a few years. if everything goes as planned, people will be able to take fresh steps on the real thing. that's all for this edition of tomorrow to day. thanks for joining us and see you next time until then stay curious with ah, with

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make it happen. destiny for space starts march 8th on d, w. ah, ah, this is the w news fly from berlin, ukraine's president order is more reinforcement for the defense of bach lived. regional commander's vow to continue their defense of the battle city. even as russian forces tightened their grip on surrounding areas also coming up, russia is.