ah, we live in a world of finite resources, and yet we're pillaging the planet, like there's no tomorrow. coming up, echoing yet discovered the dangers of stealing capital from nature, as well as ways to manage the assets on which all our lives depend. hello, welcome on front of that. some raw materials could be exhausted within decades if we continue extracting them and the country it, that will drive up prices. for construction for instance. the industrial relies on sample materials to build a booming cities. but sand mining has a dramatic environmental consequences, as we've discovered on my so it's

just before mid day, when a small fishing boat approaches to shore me among bye. but the men on board, on making a living from fishing as their fathers and grandfathers did. instead they have been pulling sand out of the sea, bucketful after bucketful with among them this jerome channel. he can dive up to depths of 12 meters. when he started 20 years ago, he was just the person who hold the buckets on board. but then he started diving the spending of the firewall was in the water doing dive after dawn. dick mil protective equipment and no oxygen tank. it's dangerous work. so i'll on the day i go into the water with the pipe in one hand and the bucket in the other. we hold the pipe with our legs and used

a bucket to dig outside. i fasten of ivy i have and then the people on the boat pull up the bucket. when i come up by holding the pipe, the empty the bucket into the boat. i give it back to me and then i dive again, is still holding them monday, but it's, yeah, it's definitely the thing is delivering this coastal region of the decades is long tradition, not pulling sand out of the sea, but using construction. the problem now is the scale several 1000 people on a living by mining the see for son says activist. so mary of de la lee. she has been campaigning against legal st mining on and he has goals for more than 10 years . has a lot of adverse effects on environment, but of course it also has effects on the community because although they don't realize it, this sun mining is destroying their fields and their livelihoods, and making their fishing livelihood loss was by actually reducing the amount of

fish catch it's also because it's taking away the medium which holds the river, the creek, or the beach together. it's also making land more vulnerable to land loss. meanwhile, the demand for sound is growing as a raw material for the construction industry. since 1990 mom, voice population has more than double to almost 21000000 people in 10 years. that number is expected to grow by another 5 and an remote growth needs son in the waters all around mon by send mining is prohibited but illegal. send money is a trying business. what billions that's what makes samira up the lollies work so dangerous. she's been brutally attached to ice was speaking out publicly against illegal. send money. but she hasn't let that stop her . i was in hospital for a little bit. and her, of course,

the idea was to frighten me and make me stop complaining. but for me it worked the other way. i felt that if somebody is taking it seriously enough that they actually willing to do physical harm to somebody. and particularly a woman in full sight of the village who all pretended to be asleep while this was happening. then surely, there is more to it. together with her, a vase foundation of the lolly done to the united nations to raise a renters of legal and mining. and the you and environment agency has declared sandy with the world's 2nd most exploited resource of the water. with up to 50000000000 tons used each year in other words or result in need of governance. rivers doesn't cost lines are being destroyed in the search of sun and with them the habitats of plants and animals, as well as natural flag barriers. at the indian institute of technology,

bombay researches are looking for alternative materials for the construction industrial. she arm also lick who has been looking for a sand substitute for years he and has the students have finally found one in decades old garbage. the good outcome of that the search was that we realized after eating what remains is nearly all useful. and then if we really go and mine, those is landfills, which we call in india legacy landfills. that legacy solid waste can easily broad be processed at that location and then vaccinated into video size fractions. and the fractions of had ms. we got a separate just like some loss. the solid waste can be used in a multitude of different ways on building sites. so this can be built very quickly . i would estimation is that between 5 and 10 percent, my tail only needs to go through the lengthy,

among the entire solid with that is generated in a given location and, and, and, and anywhere between 90 and 95 percent material can be put into several recycle. and then converted and refurbished into various other construction material and substitute which can go again back into the construction industry. it will take time until raced, can replace sun as of all material and pursuing on buys sun divers to give up their jobs will be no easy task. a diver is weird, a 1000 groupies around the world bureaus a day, a bucket bullock and on 400 rupees, much needed income for several 1000 families. it's impossible to go and stop at overnight. there will be a many problems with something like that. you know, you would, you would have a problem in meeting the needs of the country in group, in growth. you would have a problem in providing alternate livelihoods. if it was done overnight,

over the next 25 years. if you wanted to invest $1.00 trillion dollars in infrastructure projects for its growing population in its growing city, that means no shortage of work for the sun, divers of mom buy, and even more damage to in the us marine ecosystems. the catalina and the community that is spearheading and drive to conserve the wetlands that it relies on, and that thousands of species call, who it's located on one of the most will newton lives in the world to a series of initiatives. locals now have their site set on becoming a model wetland, which ah, only half an hour to go before school ends here in another. but at this government school in bahama, in the southern indian state of carola students are still hard at work. ah,

you know what we're going to do? we're going to make a back and use it when we go to buy rice. tell your mother not to buy any plastic bass. tell her to make such bags amusing, old clothes. we should save our environment right. a 2nd, it's not just another lesson in math or history, nor is video understood had their teacher. she is here as part of a new program to train students on how to up cycle old clothes and make them into clots backs in there. there has been stitching clothes for years now, but it's only in 2016 when she was approached and given training by her bad child and nonprofit. a show got dressed in ecology and environment, all eatery that she decided to switch to making bags, pillowcases,

and sanitary pads from old clothes, collected from homes, schools and colleges. since then, she, along with this small crew of women, have made close to 6000 cloth bags from around 2600 cages of used clot. for the women, the benefits have been multi fold. but of i'd like dental and at a lanka to have been so many changes in our lives, even though it's small skew, we get an income from this. we also get to meet more people and get to know more things, but it gives us a lot of happiness and mental peace of our said under. then i let us under, shall i live her father. it does need a village, mamma in allah, for our district lies along them. bernard lake, the longest lake in india. and for years, she has witnessed pollution in the lake getting progressively worse being part of an initiative that reduces the number of periods dumped into the lake,

while also helping me alternatives for plastic bags seemed meaningful to her. said to go under. but though, now i lebanon, my husband breaks in the lake, he collects clamps for a living. but then when he comes back with plant seeking, we see a lot of plastic in it. every time he comes back and each he will have 2 or 3 plastic items in, in the loaner. they are always bottles and plastic boxes. there is no control on how people are dumping plastic and garbage into the lake, florida lake and i live local talent. it's also a lancer site, meaning it has been designated a wet land for international importance by unesco. but the lake with serves as a lifeline for one point. 6000000 people is also one of the most polluted water bodies in the world. a recent study found high levels of plastics and micro plastics in the league decks, dias and glass are also media sources of pollution. pesticides

used in nearby paddy fields, also trickle down into the water. joking the rich biodiversity that exists in and around it, for in muhammad, a small village, with a population of $25000.00. the impact has been severe. i ya know, live oh lord, abundant had got that old barn and rolling had been to my to production of glands is decreased for the production of fish has decreased over the production of the bronze has been hit badly, guy alive. and all of this had affected the people who depend on the lake for the livelihood. and this had become an issue of the survival ever did. i don't know that the law he thought of another it under the situation was dire when the oliver a branch of bangalore based non profit h. he approached the punch it in 2016 with an idea. make me huh. a model. wetland

village. under the project, a wide range of initiatives including the up cycling enterprise, were launched, the all on work, those involved with maximum community participation. we believe in an inclusive form of management. so actually for this project or so, we made sure that the local fungi of these partnered with us along with the health department and the, ah, ah, other community based organizations in video. so i think that maybe that that should be one reason or that bottling made it happen. ah, the of us won't be good, was tremendous. that response was the highest for another initiative which made mahatma in this 1st synthetic sanitary bag, free village plastic beast pads that end up in the lake were found to be a major source of pollution in the village. with a survey finding that $7000.00 menstruating women and will hammer use up to one lack sanitary pads, a month ever since. they were distributed on subsidized rates, been low switch to using cloth pads, and menstrual cups. dad,

the younger body and the the got by the gun. we saw the cups for the 1st time. we were scared to me. but now that we have started using it, we can't do without it, you know, go on. um, it was very helpful for us during flood stuff like that. after using the carpet, we can dry them inside the way jam crossed paths have to be dried outside and unloaded upper layer with the cops. and we didn't have to worry about anything when it rings and flood ca. i know that i can lead am, am gone naughty and belly a don't. despite the funding received by ici, ending in 2020, the project continues to live on with the and your support and the punch i, its leadership for the residents here. continuing to set a model in wet land, conservation is as important a task as protecting and consulting the league that nourishes and 15 staff are hungerford raw materials has scarred landscapes around the wood from storm

quarries in india's o'dee shall states that newton to hillsides to the gaping hole left by germany's open fit lig knife mice for what can be done with these regions once extracted practices in a former industrial hub near berlin. off with hope of a total transformation. the east german village. of course. caution is bustling with summer visitors. it's just 150 kilometer south of berlin and not far from the polish border. the bikes offered at a cat hoist rental are in high demand with visitors came to explore the region. what is that side of the sink center is finally going for a spin. it's been idle. old i wikker started his business here 20 years ago. back then. no one believed that this region of lou, sasha, or louse, it's as it's known and german could attract any tourists at all. the area was solely associated with a bronco industry. it was

a moon landscape like this. the locals thought echoed jolla was crazy. down the road, give hard for us must then sykes did lloyd you rich, are people kept asking, what do you do? shows people the whole. so the mood was different. back in the wall i, there was still a lot of the pits from the other natasha mines, which i thought some ball. today locals are proud of what's happened here, as i'm sure once you receive the vast open pits are gradually being transformed into europe's largest lake. landscape once complete, the lu zation lake district will cover 350 square kilometers. it's helping louse, it's transformed into a green holiday region, with broad cycling lanes. hotels and landmarks like the rusty nails, which serves as a reminder of the regions industrial past. from the top of the tower,

visitors can observe another new lake in the making. the former open cast mine is slowly being flooded by ground. water is showing vast biz, unless we are, it's really something special there. got, i mean my, how many people can, shall you, come at likely new landscape hog what's of as i, if everything goes as planned, this will be finished by 2025. god willingly assures been developed and stabilized over thought. there's still some work left to do over there and all that should take another year or 2 though on in its prime the coal industry and allows its employed 80000 people. but in the late 19 nineties, the energy sector in germany was restructured dozens of unprofitable minds were closed. 90 percent of the work has lost their jobs. one in 5 people left the region . only for open cas mines remain active in laws it's to day. but that days on them, but to germany has pledged to phase out coal completely by 2000 said he 8

transforming this mining landscape caused the german state upwards of 250000000 euros last year alone. between 199-220-1610 point 2000000000 euros was spent. lime needs to be at a to the lakes to ensure they are not too acidic for wildlife and full swimmers. last year, more than 30000 tons were required to balance p h levels. then there is maintenance and risk assessment work carried out by g. engineers like phillips auto, is his job to ensure that there are no land slides. after decades of digging, the soil is more loose and can be moved more easily by groundwater if it rises quickly. on a cruise, lish, oscar luther, which is huge wave was triggered artificially so that land areas could be moved in a very effective way. if there's a landslide happening underneath moving further and further back up and it's these

forces that create the sudden wave on his india at the bottom here, we see trees are knocked over like match decks. there are very powerful forces at work. all of them isn't goodbye to go curved on mirror officials only one to these kind of land slides to happen in control circumstances in 2010 this area. so a natural landslide, which is why entries now unauthorized back then several trucks were drowned in the zoo. nami like wave that drive us only just rescued in time. yeah, um, i'm gonna this work will take generations. we still have to make 30000 hector's of land safe. as part of the basic reconstruction work. we need to develop certain technologies, like non invasive blast, induce compaction to strengthen the soil. the transformation from what the landscape once was to what it is now is radical. and there's no blueprint on how to do this work. a 30 minute drive away in an area

known as coon house of a 3000 animal and plant species have found a new home. it's become a hot spot for biodiversity. as a yonder, stella come here. we can see how nature is re conquering the land on its own that without human hellboy, it ornamental fisher, this location is developed particularly well. it's better on standard thoughts as i nodded up the at the and one species has grown up here that is common in germany. it's bush grass land tide class. steph analia shide is one of the several ecologists who proposed to not intervene here in this patch. but to just let nature to its own green naturalization, under try conditions on soil that is still acidic and low and nutrients. many flowers anal thriving here. when you come on the shirley songers, the process is definitely taken around $1015.00 or 20 years of g o. it's one of the

yahoo port. so it requires a lot of patience lash. i'd seized the project as a success this to 1000 tact a patch of land and louse. it's one of many former mines is now a wild natural habitat. as an attorney his us and i am his cause. hang. obviously, it's an enormous gift to have been able to observe this change over the past 20 years. civil suzanne at the same site and i was old fussed and asked respond, and i've been here from the start and pick gumble button. and i've seen that what we envisioned as come, true, struck with your vow. and yet suzanne, the us are above. i'd insist on all another vision that has come true is the transformation of louse. it's into it. tourist destination that combines green space is felicia and in industrial past that visitors want to learn about be it on this old convey a bridge now surrounded by parks of renewable. energy's josephs,

lexi, or honest, guided tour with people who are born here like a cat hika. he observed the rise and fall of the brown coal industry for himself and he's still shocked by the devastating impact that the last few mines left and now's it's. are still having on the land in gordon, the good norm zia, if i see it myself at the landscape, was being destroyed. thus i hope that someone will develop better storage capacities for renewables to increase their uses. was this over exploitation or not the future than the american? this between 40 and 45 percent of germany's energy comes from renewables. fossil fuels like brown coals, still play an important role, but the country is now paving the way for life after the cold. gemini has created a blueprint that could be of useful other countries like india that still half that

path ahead nor bad as the environmental damage caused by a growing material use more obvious than in the case of plastic pollution. as we seek more efficient ways to manage our resources, finding alternatives to plastic is key. we met an engineer and thumb allowed who's developed substitute products made from agricultural rift. india generates approximately 3 and a half 1000000 tons of plastic waste per year. what's more, researchers say that the per capita figure has doubled in the past 5 years. tackling this growing problem requires the development of environmentally friendly substitute materials kaleon kumar and his company came up with a very useful idea. they built the machine that uses 15 different types of biodegradable agricultural ways to make food containers

their mission. and within that on the symbol perversion did we gave the machine a simple design. meaning that there is a very little training is required to operate in gonna alabama. do companies buying a machinery just need to choose the raw materials on monday and we will help them mix the raw material, bacon one, which hardly takes a minute. no, no on one nor once the machinery isn't it long. it takes 40 minutes to heat up. their reality. raw materials are added via the diag cavity. they go deal, loading and unloading are controlled by the lever. only want to control the when we unload after 3 minutes, the cups and containers are finished up on the fall might look the burning of agricultural waste leads to series environmental pollution. and that in turn leads to worsening health issues among the population. but farmers could make more efficient use of the waste coconut fibers straw, tamarind, nuts, and tea, and coffee are used to make biodegradable and products. oh burner. say the la la. meaning the big la la, the agricultural waste like rice paddies,

draw it can be managed more efficiently. allow me to think currently it's either burned or crushed down and reused as fertilizer ended with an over the land as can be highly profitable. when done right. when he bought other, what are my most of the farmers do not know what to do with the exit. strong adjusted i. then what though a go learning everything. we certainly need to create awareness about this whole process. mother, i'm well known legos are thing when they're a little blown. i can invent machines the but the real challenge lies and driving the whole process to make sure equipment is available to the pharmacy and then i'll go, gaelic won't bail up without a look. i'm going gotten the machine designer from co inventor strongly believes that the real push must come from consumers. they must be the change makers of blasting gerberg broadly allow, in spite of the government's ban, unclasped eggs. and now we can see what's commonly used on a day to day basis. or we can blame people for their life. they're going to buy the things that are commercially available. i am arguing that we have to provide

substitutes so they're plastic usage law can be gradually halted under our navy. so have we really come across alternative tea cups at any nearby stall? i, the garden, the reality is that we are not efficiently managing ways, but above and there are raw materials available for producing sustainable and eco friendly products. on a daily langan level, these biodegradable cups are at least one step in the right direction. now as calon komatt just pointed out, using raw materials which are sustainable is the need of the hour. remember, there is no planet b and it falls upon us to secure the future of those who come off to us. i'll leave you with that and see you again next week. good bye. and thanks for watching with

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