no, yes, any, for the train you can choose to go back or somewhere else. currently, more people than ever on the move, mold white in such a better life. so why do i want to go back to 9 j? like i don't have any reason to buy this. no reason that's nothing for me. debt yeah. believe something good is coming. very, very sad. and yeah, can we learn more about law when the story in for my grief, reliable news from migraines, wherever they may be, the researcher and may slogan was among the authors of the u. n's. 2021 climate change report. it's projections for sea level changes were a wake up call for governments and scientists. i guess that was my real realization like, oh wow, this is a very yeah, this is really bad slogan, is

a climb atalla just to works at the royal netherlands institute for see research sodas tiered boma and expert in the dynamics of coastal ecosystems whose devised a wave simulator to help improve the country's c defenses, adjusting the country to keep it safe on the long term. we are now at the states and we need to learn how to defend the coast. their colleague, clos timmons is also committed to stemming rising sea levels. and when it comes to reducing our carbon footprint, see wheat, he says could be a game changer i ah

ah, coastal ecologist teared boma specializes in reinforcing levies or dikes and says there are still valuable lessons to be learned today from the north sea flood of 1953, the devastation back then was more limited in places covered with the marsh grass around it effectively absorbs energy from incoming waves and dampens their impact. making court grass of acute interest to researchers. no one is she a picture of it? here you have to she area and this is the polar which is now being flawless. and what you can see here is the green area shelf, marsh. and here there was no shelf motion from the flood resulted in 2 breaches here, of differing sizes. this fragile looking marsh grass has been shown to provide protection against floods, which due to global warming,

are set to increase and both frequency and intensity. thinking if you live in a low lane, can feel like the netherlands, you will never be able to live there without dykes or bits. with sea level rise and accelerating sea level rise. maintenance and constriction of dice will get increasingly more expensive and to be able to keep up with the sea level rise to to keep our float, safety stand at to keep those of it's sheila, for ice nature can help us to look a bit. we should not be dreaming and say, well we can forget about the engineering it's we have to make smart use of nature and combination with engineering. and you can really see that the growing awareness of the problem is sheila, for rice also leads to a growing awareness that said there is a need for

a incision in how we cope with sir phillip safety. and so there is a growing willingness to think about alternative solutions in which nature plays an important role. boma uses this wave machine to illustrate the principle to doctoral researchers. course of park levies without cord grass erode baster sharpening cuz she's well, i was trained as an ecologist, but i always share birth as a kid already on motorcycles and all kinds of technical issues that am so i like to play with urged and very happy at the point when we were designing these that we had a technician that came from industry, it was really good to implemented. so we were discussing, how do we get something that makes waived, and it's cheap because we don't want one perfect wave machine. we want to have

multiple so that we can have replication session variability, so important, any quality. so what you, she is she gets the big wave hitting there. and then the wave goes back and reflects of several times and by the asymmetric movement of the wave barrel, we get her really realistic, irregular wife. and that's the magic in this book. so the scientists firmly believes that court grass is a viable solution for coastal protection. with the challenge now is how to plant the grass in mudflats without it being washed away by the north sea tides. it may be hard to imagine that now it's completely dry and the water is far away. bitter in 3 hours from now it will be completely

closed again and 3 hours before it was also floated boma and his team have developed an inventive and environmentally friendly construction. for the purpose a lattice structure made of potato starch. so dish will help us to widen the marsh and thereby exactly yes. so let a float defense. this is a clear test that's if we can support the growth of the seedlings early in their life cycle by securing their routes zone. and we can allow the mature plants to grow much deeper in the title frame, which means that marsh can expand and he longer and have more protective benefit for our dice. meanwhile, on the global scale, there's a growing urgency to enhance coastal defenses. and at the same time, slow down climate change and see we could make

a notable contribution here among its champions. his eco physiologist clos, tim, a monster. he c. c, we'd, as an excellent meat substitute and it comes with a big advantage. unlike in the meat production industry, the plants emit 0 carbon dioxide point. on the contrary, this is really the basis of the food chain. so so are organisms like this stay you sold are lights, c, u 2 and form bio mos. so it sees the most simple way of forming bio mos and they're, they're really on their own. they don't need anything else than that. so he's the most efficient way to produce food. these plants stay growing, sold water. there's plenty of sold. what are they asked out, a shortage of fresh water in many areas. m and have all these. he said this by

a moss has many characteristics of a tray suitable also to you had this food for human for him. but the problem here is that global warming poses a threat to all organic life, including seaweed. well, there are a lot of seaweed forest in the ocean and with global warming, some of them just and disappeared. so i want to know the raisins that did he separate and how might a candy santa paula all reducing c o 2 levels is key to putting the brakes on global warming. thing to say politically insisting that people abandon meet in favor of seaweed is hardly a feasible idea at the moment. as the scientist from the royal netherlands institute for see research themselves. now the generation and transportation of animal products is an area with scope or

reducing greenhouse gases. and here to there is a pioneering project in the netherlands of floating farm in the city of rotterdam. hendrick compton supplements the feet for the resident cows with surplus food from supermarkets, carrots, apples and other unsold, produce another contribution to carbon footprint reduction. the water born farm is based on the concept of maximum sustainability through recycling. the minerva, this is gathering all the manner which is inside stable and then it will bring it to one point. and from that point we separated in width and dr. bart's

and i were to dr. parts. we make small pellets, which you can use as a fertilizer in gardens, for example. and the uri. yeah, we process it actually and then we may clean water of it's it's, it's quite high tech. it's new. it's also our invention and had to do it like that . and then we can put it back into the harbor. all the water from the roof is collected. and as if going had with those pipes here is going down . it goes to our feller. there we are, we have a system which cleans actually the rainwater shall would get some at a dust and other far out. and, and from there we pump it up again and we pump it as today to, to water reservoirs actually for the house. the floating farm with 37 cows on board supplies, dairy products for 2000 residents in the immediate vicinity. so this milk does not have a sizable carbon footprint from being transported all the way from the country side

to the city. the cheeses are stored below the water level in a naturally cool space, which again helps to reduce the farms, carbon emissions. oh, the project has been making headlines far beyond the netherlands borders. do by is interested. floating farms could become a unique dutch export product. but are they really the future? it's a scenario that the country is already preparing for conventional farming and coastal areas is that particularly high risk from climate change and rising sea levels? despite the extensive network of levy's water from the north sea seeps into the ground water farmer of them, fine horses finds himself fighting a battle on multiple fronts over the mark a method drove fish along. we get routed periods of,

of the last 5 years for were dry. i was off the market and that's bad for our product goals in order that i shouldn't. but then you sometimes get severe downpours with a lot of water in a very short time for they have all and that means having to pump it out with auto group of food with, with the resulting deficit in farm production, says clos timmons could be partly compensated by a whole new kind of sci fi, who has the back in the lab at the see research institute. my, he and a doctoral research are, are looking at ways of extracting proteins from seaweed. animal class. the aim is to create supplements and other food products. if you want to extract larger quantities, then you need to buy a refinery procedure in order to break open to bio mass. so gets proteins can be extracted and by it sounds very easy. how hard can it be? but in practice turns out to be quite complicated. and we're trying new techniques

now, for example, using enzymes for marine funky. that can break open to bio ma, so that the proteins can be released and the concentrates together with his team. he's examining the reproduction cycle of seaweed. after dying, it regenerates through the fusion of female and male units called spores. the science of growing seaweed is still in its infancy. we can actually bring those together as specific crosses. so there are males and females and we can cross those. and then we can actually cross, for instance, material from hair and say, lawns, and with material from norway to see what effect it has on and on the, on the how, how the copy she looks like. so maybe they grow way bigger. so a farmer has better yields, and maybe they have higher protein content or higher. sure. content, for instance,

for the bio ethanol industry. so, and she one to breed force. yeah. specific industry uses the scientists want to increase the harvests of marine farmers like yost about hers . while the c sector is far more advanced in asia, he sees massive potential for europe to his farm in the village of copper line in the coastal zealand region supply see to the dutch food industry right now. it says there is no she read in the house is behind is old kind of old. our bio mass is growing on the length, so we need to clean them because the lines become too heavy. and they take away old

allies and all the nutrients of the syrian i think when people began farming and as of years ago with thousands of years ago, they also run into things that they find out and, and optimize over time. we had not there yet. so we need to know, we need to invent the little thing. we're still every one is walking and see we the still kind of fighting. yeah. there's a lot of things possible with seaweed for human and animal health to regenerate soils to meg materials like plastic. so there's a lot of applications with c we what we see over the last years is that the demand for she read is growing enormously. because see, we doesn't need lens, it doesn't it fertilize us. and it isn't it fresh water. she can see it grows just

outside and need sunlight and need c o 2. and it said the marine nutrients that are in the water. that's all. so to see if there's any, any other reason though this is the slope present? ruby, don't all dis, scott. belgium is a chef and a self styled ambassador of algae. he hosts classes aimed at breaking down people's aversion to the feel and smell of seaweed. he showcases the plant as a refreshing ingredient in a gin and tonic or a healthy salad. no longer a hope, a one year. every kitchen, every store. after fresh see read or see reads, her father is very good for ever everybody special. this one. with this, we have

a retreats, though, so we call it in riots and unhealthy temperature that his face is like an beacon. no. omelettes, it bacon, widowed bacon. his future foods with seaweed can be added to everything from gloucester and bread to burgers. ankles, all another aim of the shaft, turned food innovator is to unlock participants. creative potential, fully satiny for them. what is on a tiered boma, has made a trip down to the sea for a field experiment. it's

a big day for the team from the royal netherlands. institute for see research as they prepare to launch his custom made waves simulator. it was designed by the coastal ecologist together with engineers. and is one of a kind no never a honda tailored thing. you know, the mobile machine has its own name, the moby wave for them. and you can get out of the way they get out of the way. yeah. maybe if you think about safety, then also camera mana, because because go shoot aside for say, oh oh, okay, what went wrong there, but i'm happy you're sending behind. it's helping to get off the wheel. the problem was not the wave machine itself, but the winch. but there are no casualties,

and the moby wave is also unscathed. the team now pushed the contraption to the edge of a small patch of cord grass before lowering it into the water out of luck. in the days to come, it will help them to study the delicacy plants, properties blue, amos long and daily commute to the institute takes her along one of the many dikes lining the dutch coast. the netherlands is a global front runner and coastal protection management. but the scientist warns against being lulled into a false sense of security for the netherlands, sea level change, i guess, is one of the biggest consequences of climate change, or at least one of the, the biggest things we're watching out for. because a lot, a big part of the country is below sea level and we have these huge dikes like the ones we're cycling on now that protect us. this area would be flooded otherwise.

and with sea level rise, the risks of flood are increasing. so what our height there, we now see only once in a century, by the end of this century, we will see that same water hides approximately every 2 to 10 years. so all of these water hides are, are increasing. we will see those much more often. ah ah, ah, the climate ologist has analyzed a range of studies on global warming and its consequences and concluded that sea levels are likely to rise $25.00 centimeters by the middle of the century. and that already disturbing estimate is merely the average figure. so in the

netherlands, we are in a pretty privileged position. we have money and technologies to help us prepare against sea level rise. even though we are a low lying country, we have a very high protection level, probably the highest in the world for our coastline. but of course, there's other nations that are less rich and have less options to defend our coasts . and on top of that, sea level rise is not the same everywhere. this big regional differences. so if with $25.00 meet centimeters on the global average, there's around the equator, it's typically higher than $25.00 sending me so they might get 30 centimeters already. and then if you're in a country like bangladesh, which is really low, really poor and doesn't have any protection against sea level rise, they, they are more in trouble. and actually they're paying the price for the, the development we've already had in the western world.

slung and lives near the institute for see research but wants her address to remain undisclosed. she now chooses to publish her insights only rarely on social media to avoid the hate messages and worse that she and her fellow researchers have been subjected to colleagues of mine have gotten thread said lots of of more famous climate change scientists are they, they actually get threats, and as even some in the united states, for instance, that have gotten death threats. i'm so really quite severe. i said, a real public figures, but in my case it was more like are you're lying, you're selling. it's all not true. it's all. yeah. a bunch of lies you're telling me,

but there are now projects on the ground or rather in the water that if he did the projections of climate scientists. this little neighborhood in amsterdam was born in 2008 years before the u ends. inter governmental panel on climate change recommended building homes on the water. it's a concept with a twofold advantage. there's no disruption to nature. plus, rising water levels are less of an issue for floating settlements. the vulcan, your family, used to live in a regular apartment in a typical, densely populated and concrete clad urban neighbourhood. well, i mean, it all started to be one person, me on the block see use a friend of us. and she had a dream of living in a sustainable of the grid, floating neighborhoods. and i then, with

a group of friends, we went to the local authorities. amsterdam be asked, can we build summer in the water? this is our dream and everybody build his own house. like i'm an architect's, it for me, it was a double dream. so it was a dream to live in a group of friends and i in our own any changes, projects, but also to design within the projects our own house. the neighborhood is now home to over 140 people and generates a significantly lower carbon footprint than conventional housing. we have like electricity panels on top. we have like a smart grid system. wherever you have everything altogether, we collect the electricity and we do fight it for every household. we have heating panels for heating the water. it's also done by the sun, and we are recollect nutrition. so out of the book and p, we. so we have

a black water system, that's all our black water goes into a bio gas station. fac, at the field experiment headed by tiered bomb off. the team is now taking the opportunity during low tide to set up a tank for testing the weight machine. the walls need to be firmly anchored or due to the enormous forces. the simulator will be subjected to by the tides. also f o, a flex with and with high tide do in just a couple of hours. there's no time to lose. so again,

with the role the water arrives quietly but steadily, the moby wave, t managed to get set up in time. they've also attached sensors to the test tank which are connected with their computer, enabling them to gather data for an higher week. it's now time to turn on the machine. the simulated waves in the test tank will provide the researchers with insights into the impact of the waves on the court grass. when you don't want to use a so much for coastal defense, you also need to know how far they can grow. and i well, one of the mechanisms that they can retreat again is due to play formation. so when

your mice gets emotion on the title flats, because it's very vulnerable to erosion, the salt much, they stable, you can get the height difference. and when this high difference becomes too big, you'll get like lift. that's will say that for a long time, and the cliff erodes backwards. so if you want to know, well, if you want to really be able to use so much for goes with the fence, you also know exactly are in the which conditions. while these kind of bet processes may happen, see levels are rising as the climate continues to heat up with temperatures already of full degree celsius, higher than in the pre industrial era. a further increase of 2 or 3 degrees would see extreme weather conditions becoming increasingly fierce and frequent a potential problem even for the world's leading sci defense system. i think that it's delta is one of the best defend the delta in the world. so if we talk about

today and the coming at 2030, it says no problem with gifts and the long term and well, a strategies of adjusting the country to keep it safe on the long term. we are now at the state, said we need to learn how to defend our clothes from a, let's say, well, her 2050 to 2100. if we will to wait till then to do this kind of research. well then there is time left to a just sad the system because we look at the nature based defense her and creating a marsh in front of a dike. to help defend the dike that will take time because the plants have to trip to sediment and it has to grow with the she level. and that's, that's a lot a slow process show. you have to start early enough with the knowledge development . ah

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