waterfalls flowing water particles into the air b, trees and sweating out up to 1000 liters of water a day. or sea forest fires evaporating large amounts of moisture tune in to get the answer and learn more about this phenomenon and make with them a heavy, invisible river that flows through the sky starts march 23rd on dw researcher m a slung and was among the authors of the u. n's 2021 climate change report. it's projections for sea level changes were a wake up call for governments and scientists. i guess that was my real realization like oh wow. this is a very yeah, this is really bad. slung and is

a climate ologist who works at the royal netherlands institute for see research sodas tiered boma, an expert in the dynamics of coastal ecosystems whose devised a wave simulator to help improve the country's c defenses. adjusting the country to keep it safe from the long term. we are now at the states, and we need to learn how to defend the coast. their colleague, clos timmons is also committed to stemming rising sea levels. and when it comes to reducing our carbon footprint, see wheat, he says could be a game changer i ah

mm hm. coastal ecologist, teared boma specializes in reinforcing levies or dikes and says there are still valuable lessons to be learned today from the north sea flood of 1953. the devastation back then was more limited in places covered with a marsh grass around it effectively absorbs energy from incoming waves and dampens their impact. making court grass of acute interest to researchers. no one is she a picture of her here you have to she area and this is the polar which is now being flawless. and what you can see here is the green area shelf, marsh. and here, there was no salt, much in front of the flood resulted in 2 breaches here, of differing sizes. this fragile looking marsh grass has been shown to provide protection against floods, like which, due to global warming,

are set to increase and both frequency and intensity. thinking if you live in a low lane, can see like the netherlands, you will never be able to live there without dikes or bits. bits. sheila for rice and accelerating sea level rise maintenance and constriction of dice will get increasingly more expensive and to be able to keep with the sea level rise to to keep our food safety stand at to keep those of it's sheila, for ice nature can help us a lot a bit, we should not be dreaming and say, well we can forget about the engineering it's we have to make smart use of nature and combination with engineering. and you can really see that that the growing awareness of the problem. it's sheila for rice also leads to a growing awareness that there is a need for a incision in how we cope with flood safety. and so there is

a growing willingness to, to think about alternative solutions in which nature plays an important role. boma uses this wave machine to illustrate the principle to doctoral researchers course of mark levies without court grass erode pastor john english well, i was trained as an ecologist, but i always her birth certificate already on motorcycles and all kinds of things. and so i like to play with and very happy at the point when we were designing these that we had a technician that came from industry. it was really good to implement it. so we were discussing how do we get something that makes waved, and it's cheap because we don't want one perfect wave machine we want to have

multiple so that we can have replication session variability, so important, any quality. so what you, she is you get the big wave hitting there, and then the wave goes back and reflects of several times. and by that asian metric movement of the way, federal, we get to really realistic, irregular ways. and that's the magic in this book. so the scientists firmly believes that chord grass is a viable solution for coastal protection for the challenge now is how to plant the grass in mudflats without it being washed away by the north sea tides. it may be hard to imagine that now it's completely dry and the water is far away. bitter and free. our shirt from now it will be completely closed

again and 3 hours before it was social. floating boma and his team have developed an inventive and environmentally friendly construction. for the purpose a lattice structure made of potato starch. so dish will help us to widen the marsh and thereby exactly. yeah. so the flood defense, this is a clear test that's if we can support the growth of the seedlings early in their life cycle by securing their routes zone. and we can allow the mature plants to grow much deeper in the title frame, which means that marsh can expand and the longer adding more protective benefit for our diets. meanwhile, on the global scale, there's a growing urgency to enhance coastal defenses. and at the same time, slow down climate change and see we could make

a notable contribution here. among its champions is eco physiologist class tim amounts under he c. c weed, as an excellent meat substitute. and it comes with a big advantage. unlike in the meat production industry, the plants emit 0 carbon dioxide multiply mostly on the contrary. now this is really the basis of the food chain. so so are organisms like this day, you sold our lights, c, u 2 and foreign bio mos. so it ceased the most simple way of forming bio moss and they're, they're really on their own. they don't need anything else. and so he's the most efficient way to produce food. these plants stay growing, sold water. there's plenty of sold. what are they asked out? a shortage of fresh water in many areas am hence about these. these said this bio

mass has many characteristic to make for a suitable also to you had this food for human for him. but the problem here is that global warming poses a threat to all organic life, including seaweed. are there a lot of seaweed forests in the ocean and with global warming? some of them just disappeared, so i want to know the raisins that to disappear and how much they can disappear to the polar all reducing c o 2 levels is key to putting the brakes on global warming. thing to say politically insisting that people abandon meet in favor of seaweed is hardly a feasible idea at the moment. as the scientist from the royal netherlands institute for see research themselves. now the generation and transportation of animal products is an area with scope. we're

reducing greenhouse gases, and here to there is a pioneering project in the netherlands of floating farm in the city of rotterdam. hendrick compton supplements the feet for the resident cows with surplus food from supermarkets, carrots, apples and other unsold produce another contribution to carbon footprint reduction . the water born farm is based on the concept of maximum sustainability through recycling the manner, but this is gathering all the manner which is inside stable and then it will bring it to one point. and from that point we separated in wet and dry parts

and i would to dr parts we make small pellets, which you can use as a fertilizer in gardens, for example, and the urine. yeah, we process it actually, and then we may clean water of it's. it's, it's quite high tech, it's new. it's also our invention and had to do it like that. and then we can put it back into the harbor. all the water from the roof is collected. and as if going, had with those pipes here is going down. it goes to our feller there, have we are, we have a system which cleans actually the rainwater shall, would get some at a dust and other parts out. and then from there we pump it up again, and we pump it today to the water reservoirs actually for the house. the floating farm with 37 cows on board supplies, dairy products for 2000 residents and the immediate vicinity. so this milk does not have a sizable carbon footprint from being transported all the way from the country side

to the city. the cheeses are stored below the water level in the naturally cool space, which again helps to reduce the farms, carbon emissions. oh, the project has been making headlines far beyond the netherlands borders. do by is interested. floating farms could become a unique dutch export product. but are they really the future? it's a scenario that the country is already preparing for conventional farming and coastal areas is that particularly high risk from climate change and rising sea levels. despite the extensive network of levy's water from the north sea seeps into the ground water farmer of them, fine horses finds himself fighting a battle on multiple fronts. but with a mock a method, ro, fish along we get routed periods of,

of the last 5 years for were dry i with all to michael and that's bad for our product goals in order that i shouldn't. but then you sometimes get severe downpours with a lot of water in a very short time for the 8th of all. and that means having to pump it out with auto group of food with, with the resulting deficit in farm production, says clos timmons could be partly compensated by a whole new kind of sci fi. who has the back in the lab at the see research institute. my, he, in a doctoral research, are looking at ways of extracting proteins from seaweed. animal class. the aim is to create supplements and other food products. if you want to extract larger quantities, then you need to buy a refinery procedure in order to break open to bio mass. so gets proteins can be extracted and buy. it sounds very easy. how hard can it be? but in practice turns out to be quite complicated. and we're trying new techniques

now, for example, using enzymes for marine funky that can break open to bio moss so that the proteins can be released. and the concentrate gets together with his team. he's examining the reproduction cycle of seaweed. after dying, it regenerates through the fusion of female and male units called spores. the science of growing seaweed is still in its infancy. we can actually bring those together as specific crosses, so they're males and females, and we can cross those. and then we can actually cross, for instance, material from hair and say, lawns, and with material from norway to see what effect it has on and on the, on the out how the copy she looks like. so maybe they grow way bigger. so a farmer has better yields, and maybe they have higher protein contains or higher. sure content, for instance,

for the bio ethanol industry. so, and we actually want to breed force yes. specific industry uses. the scientists want to increase the harvests of marine farmers like yost vouchers. while the see we sector is far more advanced in asia, he sees massive potential for europe to his farm in the village of copper line in the coastal zealand region supply. see we to the dutch food industry right now. it says there is no she weed in the house is behind is old kind of our bio mass is growing on the line. so we need to clean them because the lines become too heavy and they take away old allies and all the nutrients of the

syrian i think when people began farming and as of years ago with thousands of years ago, they also run into things that they find out and, and optimize over time. we had not there yet, so we need to. yeah, we need to invent the little things. we still, every one is walking and she, we, the still kind of biden. there's a lot of things possible with seaweed for human and animal health to regenerate soils to make materials like plastic. so there's a lot of applications with c we. what we see over the last years is that the demand for see read is growing enormously. because see, we doesn't need lans, it doesn't need fertilizers, and it doesn't need fresh water. she can see it grows just outside and need

sunlight and need c o 2. and it said the marine nutrients that are in the water. that's all. so to see if there's any, any other reason though this is a slow process. rule b a c, donald dis, scott, belgium is a chef and a self styled ambassador of algae. he hosts classes aimed at breaking down people's aversion to the feel and smell of seaweed. he showcases the plant as a refreshing ingredient in a gin and tonic or a healthy salad lumber. i hope a one year every kitchen, every store. i fresh see read ah, see weeds. her father is very good for ever. everybody special. this one where this

is we have a retreat though, so we call it in riots and i'm hoping to picture that his thesis like an bacon no omelet bacon. widowed bacon is a future food. seaweed can be added to everything from gloucester and bred to burger's ankles. all another aim of the shaft turned food innovator is to unlock participants creative potential for recently fall either one of the huge with ha ha ha ha ha ha ha. teared boma has made a trip down to the c or a field experiment. it's

a big day for the team from the royal netherlands institute for see research as they prepare to launch his custom made waves simulator. it was designed by the coastal ecologists together with engineers. and is one of a kind of a honda tailored being, you know, the mobile machine has its own name, the movie ways with for them. and you can get out of the way we get out of the way down. if you think about safety, then also camera manner because the whole goes, you decide to say hello, okay, what went wrong there, but i'm happy you're in the behind is helping to get off the wheel. the problem was not the wave machine itself, but the winch. but there are no casualties,

and the moby wave is also unscathed. the team now push the contraption to the edge of a small patch of chord grass before lowering it into the water markets. in the days to come, it will help them to study the delicate see plants, properties. blue amy slung, and daily commute to the institute takes her along one of the many dikes lining the dutch coast. the netherlands is a global front runner and coastal protection management. but the scientist warns against being lulled into a false sense of security for denellin sea level change, i guess is one of the biggest consequences of climate change, or at least one of the, the biggest things we're watching out for. because a lot, a big part of the country is below sea level and we have these huge dikes like the ones we're cycling are now that protect us. this area would be flooded otherwise.

and with sea level rise, the risks of flood are increasing. so what our height there, we now see only once in a century, by the end of this century, we will see that same water hides approximately every 2 to 10 years. so all of these water hides are, are increasing. we will see those much more often. ah, ah, the climatology has analyzed a range of studies on global warming and its consequences and concluded that sea levels are likely to rise $25.00 centimeters by the middle of the century. and that already disturbing estimate is merely the average figure. so in the

netherlands, we are in a pretty privileged position. we have money and technologies to help us prepare against sea level rise. even though we are a low lying country, we have a very high protection level, probably the highest in the world for our coastline. but of course, as other nations that are less rich and have less options to defend our coasts. and on top of that, a sea level rise is not the same everywhere. this big regional differences. so if it's $25.00, meet centimeters on a global average. there's around the equator, it's typically higher than $25.00 centimeter day. might get 30 centimeters already . and then if you're in a country like bangladesh, which is really low, really poor and doesn't have any protection against sea level rise, they, they are more in trouble. and actually they're paying the price for the the development we've already had in the western world.

slung and lives near the institute for see research, but wants her address to remain undisclosed. she now chooses to publish her insights only rarely on social media to avoid the hate messages. and worse that she and her fellow researchers have been subjected to colleagues of mine have gotten thread said lots of of more famous climate change scientists. and they, they actually get threats and as even some in the united states, for instance, that have gotten death threats. i'm so really quite severe. i said, a real public figures, but in my case it was more like, oh, you're lying, you're selling. it's all not true, it's all. yeah. a bunch of lies. you're telling me, but there are now projects on the ground or rather in the water that have heated

the projections of climate scientists. this little neighborhood in amsterdam was born in 2008 years before the u ends. inter governmental panel on climate change, recommended building homes on the water. it's a concept with a twofold advantage. there's no disruption to nature. plus, rising water levels are less of an issue for floating settlements. the vulcan, your family used to live in a regular apartment in a typical, densely populated and concrete clad urban neighbourhood. among it all started to be one person, me on the block see use a friend of us and he had a dream of living in a sustainable of the grid floating neighborhoods. and i then with

a group of friends, we went to the local authorities, amsterdam be asked, can we build summer in the water? this sir, our dream and everybody build his own house. like, i'm an architect's, it for me, it was a double dream. so it was a dream to live in a group of friends and i in our own any chance of projects, but also to design within the project. our own house. the neighborhood is now home to over 140 people and generates a significantly lower carbon footprint. than conventional housing, we have like electricity panels on top. we have like a smart grid system. wherever you have everything altogether, we collect the electricity and we do fight it for every households. we have for heating panels for heating the water. it's also done by the sun, and we are recollect nutrition. so out of the loop and p, we. so we have

a black water system. as all our black water goes into a bio gas station, fac, at the field experiment headed by tiered boma. the team is now taking the opportunity during low tide to set up a tank for testing the weight machine on the walls need to be firmly anchored record due to the enormous forces. the simulator will be subjected to by the tides . also f o, a flex with and with high tide do in just a couple of hours. there's no time to lose. so again, with the

water arrives quietly but steadily on the moby wave, t managed to get set up in time. they've also attached sensors to the test tank which are connected with their computer, enabling them to gather data for an hire week. it's now time to turn on the machine. the simulated waves in the test tank will provide the researchers with insights into the impact of the waves on the court grass. when you don't want to use a so much for goes to the fence, you also need to know how far they can grow. and i, well, one of the mechanisms that they can retreat again is due to play formation. so when

your mice gets emotion, all the title flats, because it's very vulnerable to erosion, the salt much, they stable, you can get the height difference. i mean, this high difference becomes too big. you'll get that lift, that's will say that for a long time, and the cliff erodes backwards. so if you want to know, well, if you want to really be able to use so much for go, so defense, you also know exactly are in the which conditions. well, these kind of bad processes may happen. see levels are rising as the climate continues to heat up with temperatures already a full degree celsius higher than in the pre industrial era. a further increase of 2 or 3 degrees would see extreme weather conditions becoming increasingly fierce and frequent a potential problem, even for the world's leading sci defense system. i think that it's delta is one of the best defend the delta in the world. so if we talk about to day and the coming

2030 year says no problem with given the long term as well. strategies of adjusting the country to keep it safe on the long term. we're now at the states that we need to learn how to defend our coast from a, let's say, well, her 2050 to 2100. if we will to wait till then to do this kind of research. well then there is no time left to adjust to the system because we look at the nature based defense her and creating a marcia front of a day to help defend the dyke. that will take time. because the plants have to trip to sediment and it has to grow with the sheila fall and that's, that's a lot a slow process show. you have to start early enough with an odyssey filament. ah,

he come india sand mind. you have to to see him by the thriving lesson, legal 1000000000, donna placement with the devastating impact on the environment to this to my lead. stood up against percent, matthew and threatened and attack multiple times eco, india a d, w. oh, news

. this is d w. news line from bad lane, russian and us forces have a direct encounter and asked face ukraine. the u. s. as a russian fighter jet, hit one of its violence. drones causing it to crash into the black sea. moscow has a different version of events and describes the incident i provocation also.