8 in that scene in just a few months in december, police don't more than a 100 objects in 11 german states, but also austrian, italy, they arrested $25.00 subjects. the suspects. and what you have to know about this scene is that they're working to achieve a coup d'etat. they want to abolish democracy. here at the time, the german interior minister spoke of a terrorist threat that comes from this group. nina, thank you very much. our chief political correspondent, nina has a you are watching d w news up next this world water day. we've got a documentary on the shrinking supply of water. i'm terry martin. thanks for watch . imagine so many portions of lunch us her now in the world. climate change can be very hot. the story. this is my plan, the way from just one week. how much was can really get

we still have time to go. i'm going on with what? 5th, blue ah, life on earth could not exist without this wonderful chemical compound. h 20. in a never ending cycle, water circulates the planet, preserving the lives of its inhabitants over millennia. but climate change is throwing this dependable system out of balance. add to that a rising demand for water caused by industry agriculture and the world's growing population. and we run the risk of running out of this precious resource. but new technologies looking to nature as

a role model and pre historic knowledge gleaned from bygone cultures are helping researchers worldwide come up with new ideas to sustainably protect our drinking water. and this german research vessel heads out to sea to explore fresh water reserves of great magnitude. ah, ah. 2 every spring, glacier ologist danielle fatty naughty and his team make their way up to the alleged glacier and switzerland below the young, foul yoke research station at an elevation of 3350 meters. they measure the depth of the snow. the glaciers of the alps play a vital role in supplying water to millions of people. they

feed water into central, europe's largest river systems, the danube, the rhine, the po, and the rhone. it's who sent the glitches light at nist. unfortunately, the glaciers condition is none to please english rights before the switch suns place is currently loose from 2 percent of their massy cheer food beyond that. so in the last 5 years, what they've lost 10 percent of their entire mile isn't for the nascent. sadly, the prognosis for the next 100 years is not terribly rosy, either underneath your zak, if we don't manage to lower greenhouse gas emission. so this was if the way things are going continue as you write that the more likely see only the last remnants of ice head where we are currently stand. there will not be like no more than that. him couldn't of missed mil for more than a century, scientists have been coming to this area to assess the health of the alleged glacier. how has the snow cover changed over this period of time?

with the results of these measurements, the researchers can track the changes to the glaciers mass, and determine exactly how much of its volume is lost each year. subsequent forecasts include global climate data at the university of oxford fetal eco tool works with the environmental change institute. her research focuses on extreme weather events related to climate change . daughters does the atmosphere of that because the atmosphere is getting warmer and more water is evaporating sized, which means young water vapor is entering the atmosphere elephant and then coming out again is rain out. so the whole balance between evaporation, adult and precipitation, which existed with relatively stable global temperatures as the century law. temper is becoming unstable and being thrown off kilter. oust isn't stubborn. gleiss.

kathy's cooper. and that poses a great threat to the drinking water supply of all living beings because the amount of fresh water on earth is limited. ah, that's because almost all the water on our planet is held in the oceans. so it's salt water, some 96.5 percent the amount of fresh water is therefore relatively small. just 3.5 percent. and most of that is stored as ice or snow in mountainous regions and at the poles. ah, that leaves only a frac. just a 0.3 percent of the water on earth is accessible to humans as drinking water.

currently 22 kilometers in length. the alleged glacier is the biggest glacier and the alps. it's vast size means short term weather events are barely noticeable. that makes the glacier a reliable climate indicator suitable for long term observation. during their last measurements in 2020, the glacier ologist is found. the amount of snow had reached a record low. the lowest amount since the 1st measurement was taken in 1918 visas from sunni. it is the sphere in 50 times. how this works is we're basically on location twice, year end of this week to come once of the end of winter, or it may. so right now we're trying to measure the amounts of snow fall over the winter daughter. but as you can see, we use this tool to drill down to last highest level is that tells us how much precipitation there has been the thought to. and then we come again in the fall and take a reading from the poll. the sticking out out of snow. how much is the snow settled

out of me? how much snow has been added or how much has melted away? overshoot is that sort of defeat rita up good muslims. the team has evaluated various scenarios. if global warming continues at the current rate, the scientists expect the alpine glaciers will have melted away entirely by the year 2100. 40 per cent could survive if the temperature increase were limited to a maximum of $1.00 degrees celsius. of course, this would have major consequences for the water supply. in the short term, the melting ice would mean more water would be available. but in the long run, the water from the glaciers would be sorely missed. in more insects as if it were living in the golden age of a water supply boat. but in the long term is that when the glaciers recede and get smaller, but they won't be able to supply as much water leave with these water as was

disappears than comcast, there will be even less water. the 2nd effect, the glaciers after has when the happens over the course of years, effectively serve a storage function under comp. besides in winter, which by place is collect snow into which simply lies there and is only released in the summer b. just yes, that means when the glace is no longer there says in the summer time will be missing, the water that's currently produced by the melting luster was implemented. so basically in future summers, there will only be water when it rains to crimp to his armor. north and west of his vagueness given the increasing frequency of droughts and central and especially southern europe, having to rely mainly on rain each summer could be extremely problematic. one countermeasure could be to collect the melted glacier water and man made reservoirs, thereby artificially replicating the glaciers storage function was sir vista,

gets in his cursor inside mouth. for me, an important part of this discussions is this technocratic approach. the people want to tackle the problem with technology. he give it that when it comes to landscapes like this, i got it. i think we need to ask ourselves the question. it didn't was we doesn't nature have a value in and of itself. so jim is out and can we just leave it the way it is? how much is it because it's beautiful. and do we really have to build something else in these areas? um, and these aren't questions the science can provide yes or no answers to the business of anna and thought, rather, it's a decision that society needs to make. i'm so we should at least consider exactly what it is we want to do. of that it's a window, the road lack of investment in albertville. the analysis of the measurement data shows. last winter, this area received more snowfall than in any winter in the last 20 years. that's good news, but not a turning point. blue the melt water from the

a latch and roan glaciers converge and the mighty roan river. what happens when streams which are fed by small snowfields dry up can already be seen in several mountain regions of switzerland. in hot summers emergency water supplies must be delivered by helicopter agriculture industry and some 10000000 people rely on the water from the rhone mon toll lusan and geneva all border on lake geneva, one of the largest fresh water reserves in western europe. but for how much longer, not only are the glaciers shrinking their precious melt, water is flowing more or less straight into the sea. since the rhone was transformed into a veritable water superhighway for industry and transport, gone or the flood plains which would allow water to safe end and fill up aquifers

along the river or capture flood waters caused by heavy rainfall. one exception can be found near the medieval town of avignon at the e deal about the last one of the largest river islands in europe. it's flood plain forest, not only serves as a refuge for animals and plants, but also takes in flood waters to allowing the rhone to spread well beyond its banks. it's an effective means of flood protection just outside the gates of avignon. a river that has room to spread out offers yet another decisive advantage says she'd bill who's been fighting for 20 years to restore this river scape to its natural state a feel from you. one sure you feel can be there. what

if we give a river like the roan enough space you and don't take measures to combat letting you know this, the ground water will replenish and clean itself, but you still will show. but if we have a catalyzed closed in river, going to the water rushes through to the sea and can't steep into the ground the door, shut it up. if we create a few open spaces for rivers where they can overflow their banks a bit, when there's flooding, the aquifers are refilled automatically leave yet. it's fantastic the band free of charge if they would have a boosted dollar but it's difficult to reactivate these natural cycles, as there are competing interests to consider. in the comma region locks irrigation canals for rise fields and its famous salt water lagoons the it don't have forced to the river into man made channels and disrupted the river. delta's natural course as to where he is like the romans play a special role in the water cycle. they are where fresh water and salt water,

meat striking a delicate balance. flo state us out of them. awesome flu season. i'm hot river deltas seem especially those of large river are a hot salt of climate changing does the effects of rising sea levels are especially noticeable? and that is just amanda spiegel and style car example done. then when there's a storm surge, the salt water from the sea will come significantly further in land. it's when the sea level is high, then it would if the sea level will lower, i'm needing it on meals feet, if high vila. and since it's been channel lies, the rhone no longer flushes enough sediment into the delta, leaving little to stop surges from the rising sea models created by the european space agency from satellite data show that the camera could be completely under

water in a 100 years. even now the intruding salt water poses a danger, not only to coastal ecosystems, but to residential areas as well. that so go so think vasa, aunt on this already to day access to drinking water and a safe, reliable drinking water supply is a defining feature of whether an area can be economically successful. yep. look like him sooner. zine can in the german state of lower san sunny, 86 percent of the state's drinking water comes from ground water. that's above the german average. lower sacks and he has 750 kilometers of coastline on the north sea . the rising sea water can be held back with dikes above ground. but what does the situation look like? deep underground. yeah, under chris, on the coast, we clearly have sea water salen, zation, or salt water intrusion. that that's the case in lower saxony. and in many other

coastal areas, the deeper down you go, the higher the salinity in the ground water. the team from the state office for mining energy and geology and hanover, is trying to find out where salt water is located in the ground to the protein. and more precisely, it's about finding the boundary between salt water and fresh water under ground. to detect this, the team works with high tech equipment. the main component is a huge antenna, a wire frame, 20 meters in diameter, which can both send and receive electromagnetic waves. ah, the technology was developed at all who's university in denmark, and has been in use world wide since 2005. from the deserts of australia to the ice

of the arctic. a helicopter flies, the measuring antenna about 30 meters above the surface of the terrain. electro magnetic fields deliver information from depths down to 300 meters as a mom to compensate an upper denture. basically you get an image of the distribution of specific electrical conductivity under ground. for example, since clay has a very high electrical conductivity, it's a good conductor, keys, a gravel and sand have significantly lower conductivity, and from so there's the information on the composition of the aquifer, the sub soil and on the dissolved salts in the ground water, which also affect conductivity right? so hm. if that means the more dissolved salt you, me, the more sailing the ground water is. belinda more conductive it is. so this was dec i they just us. the end result is a detailed picture of the salt content and ground water.

the blue areas near the coast indicate there is salt water, just a few meters below the surface. and the green area there is fresh water at a depth of 100 meters. this is where drinking water can be extracted. just like in the red colored areas where fresh water can be found in layers that extend even further underground. the data also offer some unexpected insights from suits that we've found floating layers of salt water. that's basically a subject unto itself. you put it to my on top, you've got salt water, then comes a binding layer of clay where the salt waters floated up on this and then below the clay, there's fresh water on them as is something completely unknown before me. because those salt water layers are probably the remnants of long ago floods, ones that occurred before people pushed the sea back with dikes. finding the exact

locations of fresh water and salt water. and the sub soil is fundamental for local water suppliers. but salt water deposits warranty only unexpected discovery here. a sad because a hostile area is quite interesting. you can easily recognise fresh water outlets under the mud flats. if you know at low tide, fresh water flows out who's really far into the mud flats, even methuselah. and we can actually show that with this data under this. so these are the interesting highlights we've stumbled upon to highlights of the monitor finding previously unknown deposits of fresh water is also the goal of this research expedition. in the summer of 2020 the german research vessel zanna, the german word for sun set sail for the mediterranean. besides the crew, there were 28 scientists on board along with tons of equipment to study the sea bed

. and what lies beneath it the ship is bound for malta. off the coast of the island country in the mediterranean, researchers from the g o mar, center, and keel and their multi colleagues plan to use their technology to collect as much data as possible. they're investigating a global phenomenon which could help coastal regions that suffer from a lack of fresh water. so an, an antique a. m was to live in ancient times. people knew they had to be grandma to somewhere in missile bed because they knew that what fresh water spring time. and some of these springs was so powerful that the water came right up to the surface limited in the mediterranean. for instance, more in arabia the ships could supply themselves with def, from nice talk. it's

a fresh water on the sea surface health over for should gal exam to fund humble. it did the same thing off. cuba, for example, for cuba. mother, you egan, is a scientist at g. omar. the helm holds center for ocean research and keel. the geophysicist heads a team that specializes in electromagnetic measuring techniques. in contrast to the helicopter antenna used in lower saxony. the main component here is a device for under water use nicknamed the pig because one of its 4 runners was originally painted pink. it's highly complex electronics were developed and built here at the institute. the pig sends electromagnetic waves deep under ground,

the signals change according to the conductivity of the ground. these changes can be measured and used to infer the existence of possible fresh water deposits and the seabed. by the end of the expedition, the robust device will have covered 50 kilometers of the ocean floor in total however, collecting electromagnetic measurements with the pig is just one part of the scientists work. they conduct a variety of technically demanding experiments on board by taking water samples at various depths, for example, they can determine the salinity of the water. the experiments go on around the clock with the teams working in shifts. seismic devices provide an overview of the sea by the geological structure. acoustic signals are

sent downwards and their eco, let's the researchers draw conclusions about the composition of the sediment and rock their sediment corps help to complete the picture as well as to verify and adjust earlier models with there's a lot of hope riding on these sediment corps since they could provide direct proof of fresh water sources, malta c bad proves difficult to work with since the sea floor is extremely hard. just 14 samples of sediment core make it safely on board. the corps are then carefully prepared. only when they're back in keel will the team be able to test the sediment for possible traces of fresh water then comes the most delicate part of the mission. the pig is prepared for the

electromagnetic measurement. the entire apparatus consisting of a transmitter and a receiver hangs on a cable that's almost a kilometer long. this will commish noah not to listen. i not, we not looking for groundwater in just one place than guns. we want to scan the entire seed batch, the ground water deposit, malcolm defined on what we do is follow various profiles and then we bring the entire device that is this the receiver and then towards the end the tag, which is quite heavy down to the c bad, and then the whole little long, the sea floor food is we can get 2 kilometers a profile per hour pushed under the font the relevance of this research is clear, given the huge amount of offshore fresh water thought to exist around the globe. it's total volume is estimated at 1000000 cubic kilometers,

twice the amount of water and the black sea. the impetus for this expedition came from researchers at the university of malta, who laid the groundwork for the international collaboration. the small island nation located south of sicily is extremely dry, and one of the most densely populated regions in the world. it's area of 316 square kilometers, accommodates about 500000 residents and some $2000000.00 tourists each year. like many coastal countries, including israel and the gulf states, or the us state of california, malta cannot meet its fresh water needs from aquifers alone. these saturated rock layers don't release enough ground water to supply the demand from tourism industry and agriculture. in melissa, we don't have any natural resources like lakes and rivers,

so we have to divert to the underground metro water on the sierra and us not sure. water is restricted to the size of the island. so we had to go as were and we chose rivers as moses about 40 years ago. m as a technology. and it's worked. and our plants are still running very efficiently. we have evolved and improved technology and a have reproducing 60 percent of the water required by the mo, his population from our 3 versus was his blood's reverse osmosis functions. according to a simple, yet ingenious mechanical principle, sea water is forced through a special membrane under great pressure, filtering out salt and other minerals and the process. these minerals must be re introduced afterwards to make the water fit for human consumption.

close to 15000 desalination plants are in use world wide people count on this technology and coastal areas where drinking water is scarce. but reverse osmosis consumes a lot of energy and it leaves behind a concentrated and partly contaminated brine. that's usually just channeled back into the sea. although researchers are looking for better ways to dispose of it. malta has placed its 3 plants strategically around the island. the main threat is obviously to see that you can see behind me. because that is the source of the water. so if maybe that is a potential oil spill, it is a threat. but we have catered for that. so that makes our life more easy because oil would remain near the surface while we are taking water from many

meters below the surface. so death is a security for us. um, but if in a major oil bill, we do have a contingency plan to transfer water from one reservoir to the other until the situation is cleared. disseminating sea water is malt, has life insurance. the current plants have been designed so they'll still be able to meet the islands demand for producing fresh water through reverse osmosis requires 10 times as much energy as using natural water resources elsewhere, which clearly affect the price in the future, scientists will need to find more energy efficient ways of powering these plants and treating their waste products. but the question of how to ensure a sufficient water supply isn't new. ever since people 1st settled on this strategically important island. it's been clear that survival here depends on finding a technical solution to the water supply problem. keith pu hodge are an archaeologist

at the university of malta is a specialist on ancient and medieval water management. as part of an international team, he surveyed all the islands known ancient cisterns. what happened was that the area is completely reliance on rain 4th. so in order to actually capture on the rain water, that is net to city for an activity of to happen. your head dismissive system being excavated into the landscape. and the system is remarkable simply because of the fact that it dates back to roughly around the 4th century busy probably slightly earlier to a period in time when walter was actually under the venetian public influence around 3000 years ago. seafaring people came from what is now lebanon to malta, bringing with them their invaluable knowledge about water. could these ancient

systems serve as models to solve today's problems? it's more important to actually harvest every drop of water offering water that is available even so they especially with the prospect and, and contact soft with change. so it is alice, and i think that we need to learn that any voy, dennis, updating void that was intended as being gets his stern. has to actually been made function that once again in order to actually to harvest rainwater from the south of malta doesn't have awkward 1st. but in the north and west, it's a different story in here and the middle ages, a new technique came to malta via persia and sicily,

medieval builders, doug tunnels, at the level of the aquifers. to tap into these natural water reservoirs. ah keith pu hodge are as interested in the range of malt as historical hydraulic structures from pre historic water holes to the cisterns of the roman phoenician period to the subterranean canals of the middle ages. he's already explored more than 80 of them are. hey, so you've got glue, clay, which is which is an amphetamine is rock layer. what it is gathering above to form an aqua fit and digging data such as this directly above the brook lay would mean that you don't, there's a thing to effort and you'll water supply. so this system of water godaddy's feeding the fields that lie below us was providing death, agricultural identity with effort and yet warfare supplies. so instead of having to

cross per year, this steady city because of these water godaddy's can provide the continuous cultivation of these crops. well into the summer months. okay, so you can get see crops, phase 3 harvests instead of 2. these water galleries have a function that could prove decisive, especially in times of climate change and the resulting weather disturbances. ah, the tool marks left by the medieval craftsman can still be seen today. mm hm. most of these tunnels are no longer in use, but feasibly could be put into operation again.

ah. so the, the big glass of in the systems was the fact that even though you can get a period of 3 to 6 years without any reasonable jane for these water systems continue to function, they were unable in cultivation to actually take on. so i believe that there is much scope for better research to take place in the future in order to have such systems who should actually enable the malta in the future to buffer against periods of excellence extended throughout ah, when these tunnels were carved into the hillsides and the late middle ages, fewer than 20000 people lived on malta to day there are half a 1000000 residents and that population density as consequences.

d x taylor has eagle from good yvette supplies have leak stream c. i of the soil that we have now. docket means that when heavy rains occur hot, it usually leads to dramatic flooding, deaf ivy, which wouldn't be the case if we had more open terrain. what a fossil where the water could take away vicious. it's important that we adapt to have no brain space unless field soil everywhere on vinegar, as he could have been by thinking and praying can civilizations and south america already knew how to make use of different kinds of sub soil to ensure their water supply. this knowledge had been all but forgotten, but now people are taking a renewed interest in the wealth of wisdom, possessed by these indigenous peoples. about 10000000 people live in the peruvian capital. after cairo, lima, as the world's 2nd largest desert city,

ah, and lima is almost entirely dependent on its rivers and reservoirs being replenished by water from glaciers and heavy rainfall during the wet season. here the dry season lasts between 7 and 9 months. and due to climate change, dry spells are lasting longer and becoming more severe. it's thanks to what's known as the gray infrastructure dams, canals and reservoirs made from concrete that lima managers to overcome. it's aaron climate but people are now reactivating a technique that the incas predecessors and stalled in the mountains over the city some 1400 years ago. mm. narrow channels made from solid rock are used to divert water from the natural stream beds in the mountains.

the principle behind these are moon us is simple. yet ingenious lesson unison. if it's a good em munez or a pre hispanic infrastructure design to take it won't to have that no matter if it comes from an gulch or a river. the south west. sunk up after rainfall in high altitude regions in the war to a specific cave re directed to the previously connected areas. even if he got ones where the rock has fishes to will fact just let them all the soil is highly permeable. the alphabet, madeleine, during the rainy season water no longer rushes down into the valleys unimpeded and when their forms raging rivers that flow into the sea. instead, the water is redirected and slowly seeps into the ground over a large area. already over 1400 years ago, the original designers of these canals demonstrated profound knowledge about the

geology of their region. the moon us feed very specific water bearing layers of rock under ground, which then often kilometers away emerge as sprains the water can take weeks or even months to make his way through the different some soils, all the while this precious resource as being stored for long periods well, in to the dry season, a research group from imperial college london set out to better understand how the system engineered by indigenous peoples works in their amateur video material. you can see the huge amounts of water rushing down the hillside during the rainy season . in a large scale field trial, they poured degradable dye into the canals in order to track where the water diverted. here later re emerges as ground water and springs.

the incredible result. up to 8 months later, the water can still be found exactly where it was predicted to go. sometimes to water source is quite far away. now with the support of local environmental initiatives, residents of a few villages in the andes are working to expand the immune us did google. i'm pleased to finally restore this great thing our ancestors created on the plethora convention. the knowledge of pre ink and cultures is now receiving worldwide recognition. after the research conducted by the team at imperial college london, learn sharing a wall to will help us to get better products to produce better harvests lydia and be able to sell them better to get him home. so he ultimately earn a bit more profit, but at one the low at the men of it than the other lay letter. who julia. ready

meanwhile, there are thoughts of applying the principle behind the moon us on a larger scale. for instance, a timely implementation of this technology could increase the water supply available to the metropolis of lima by more than a 3rd. during the dry season. on board the research vessel, zanna scientists from the helm, health center for ocean research g o mar, complete their measurements. after almost 7 weeks, the vessel returns to its home port of ending in october 2020. that's when the evaluation of the data and samples begins. some $30000.00 sediment corps from around the world are stored in keel. it's

a valuable archive of the under ground and of our global climate. only half of every core sample is used for further research. the other half is preserved to serve as a reference for future generations. geophysicist christiane band, who heads g o. mars, marine geo dynamics research unit was in charge of the expedition to malta. this is yet the precise analysis of the sediment samples isn't yet complete, but the team has made some preliminary findings even for women. verse of unique if wouldn't have what we didn't find during our expedition were places where the ground water leaks into the sea, skipped to us looking around the globe. i booked. there are actually places where there are small sources of fresh water on the sea floor with them been before, but we didn't find anything like that. and we looked very carefully using many

different methods. if they existed, it's highly likely we would have found them at the so the ground water and malta really is trapped under ground and isn't flowing out and won't. i couldn't bring the from sneaking me to exclude. but just because no fresh water is seeping out, doesn't mean that there isn't any there. it could be enclosed in water pockets. noticed he says that the mom nicholas been on right now. we don't know enough about these grand water deposits on the sea floor with our methods, we're just starting to be able to find them and prove they exist at all. is the quote for it could be that these bodies of groundwater and no longer connected to the land, that means they'd at some point become sal unaided by the salt water around them. or it could be that these groundwater bodies are still connected to the land and are being refilled from their food. we still don't understand this whole dynamic dina, and that's a major focus of our project in the home to try to understand this dynamic and see

if eventually it could be used to sustainably, not hybrid some sustainability is the core issue for the future of our water supply, protecting and preserving drinking water isn't simply an ecological challenge. there's yet another aspect that concerns plato. he co, auto sync vasa and in depth lack of drinking water and reduced access to fresh water is one of the major effects climate change has on our social system? no, it's long. but for instance, in germany, there's a lot of discussion about drought and the effect on forestry consequent, but there's no discussion about how this may also have consequences for the price of drinking water in certain cities or areas in which one does have an influence on people's cost of living up that we will look ganske, elated on this as ignition will the the price of climate change. fema is not only

being paid by poor people in east africa, africa, but my poor people in europe. latino on are mentioned in open research that promotes understanding and helps us draw the ride conclusions is critical. this rulers not last long, but goes for the glazes in the out to alton. as it all depends on what we do now. ah, we can all take action water conservation can be practiced on many levels. we couldn't afford a solution, must be interdisciplinary involved. but that also means we must really engage with other disciplines. what very closely with them to see how we can fit all the pieces of the puzzle together. but of course, that's also exciting for us. as scientists, somebody must be preventing our water sources from drying up as

a challenge for the entire global community. mm hm. mm hm. just how long can life b in a state of emergency? the warn you crate is more on people's lives. and i'm the president fred, the people in this film tell us what this means for everyday life and for the future . living with war close up in 30 minutes

on d. w. climate neutral by 2045. germany's public transport system is going green. is a good bye to be old, but please note there, converting to electric energy which presents a technical challenge. is it worth it for the climate? absolutely. but what about for business is made in germany? 90 minutes on d. w. or flying rivers created by a waterfalls throwing water particles into the trees, sweating out up to 1000 liters of water in a day. in short, sea forest fires evaporating large amounts of moisture and get the answer in the invisible river that flows through the sky starts march 23rd

on d w a. ah ah, the w news lie from berlin. tempers flare across france over unpopular retirement reforms. demonstrators flash with police in paris with hundreds of arrests in the capitol alone. president, my problem is to, to address the nation shortly. also coming up.